Chapter 1
While in Paris, Léon had been
popular with the working girls and had enjoyed going to the theater but he had
also been a responsible student. He never forgot Emma, however, and seeing her
in Rouen had convinced him that he must seduce her. Accordingly he follows
Emma and Charles to their hotel and returns the next day. He is pleased to
find that Emma has decided to stay for another night. After a long
conversation about their problems and dreams Léon finally works up the courage
to tell Emma that he loved her during their time in Yonville. She is pleased
but claims that he is too young and she too old. The hour grows late and Léon
rises to leave but he makes her promise to meet him the following day. She
finally agrees and tells him that she will be at the cathedral at 11am. When
he departs he says "Till tomorrow." Emma immediately writes a long letter to
explain why they cannot be lovers but, not knowing how to send it, she elects
to give it to him the following day. Léon arrives early the next day and to
the verger's suppressed anger Léon walks about the cathedral unguided. Finally
Emma arrives, shoves the letter into Léon's hand and immediately falls to her
knees in the chapel of the Virgin and begins to pray for strength of will.
Léon impatiently waits for her to finish and is further exasperated when, upon
rising, she accepts the verger's offer of a tour. As the verger drones on
about the details of the church Léon's impatience grows to the breaking point.
Finally he shoves a silver piece into the man's hand, grabs Emma by the arm and
pulls her from the church and into a cab. Léon orders the driver to go
anywhere and all afternoon, despite several attempts by the weary driver to
slow or come to a stop, the cab is seen repeating a circuitous course about the
town and countryside. At one point a bare hand emerges from the window and
throws bits of torn paper into the wind. At 6pm the carriage finally stops and
Emma, covered in a veil emerges and walks quickly away.
Chapter 2
When Emma returns to Yonville
she is told to go at once to the pharmacy where she finds the entire Homais
family engaged in making jelly. She enters as Monsieur Homais is berating
Justin for having taken a pan from his laboratory that was sitting next to a
jar of arsenic. Although Emma senses that the apothecary has dire news for her
she cannot get his attention. In his anger Homais shakes Justin and dislodges
a tawdry book, Conjugal Love from the poor boy's clothing. Homais
orders the kitchen cleared. As he lectures Justin, Emma interrupts and Homais
quickly informs her that her father-in-law has died. She returns home to find
Charles distraught and feigns compassion though she is disgusted by her husband
and her life in Yonville. The elder Madame Bovary arrives and spends a great
deal of time weeping with her son. Emma manages to see as little of both of
them as possible and clings to the memory of her happy hours with Léon.
Monsieur Lheureux arrives and Emma confers with him privately. He suggests
that Monsieur Bovary should extend his promissory note with another and hints
that it would be much easier if she had power of attorney. Over the following
days he returns several times and drops comments about the complications of her
father-in-law's inheritance and the importance of power of attorney. When Emma
confronts Charles she already has a formal document giving her power of
attorney for him to sign but admits that the local notary might have botched
the job. Charles suggests that they consult Monsieur Léon and she volunteers
to make the journey. She stays in Rouen for three days.
Chapter 3
Emma and Léon enjoy an
idyllic three days together. They stay at the Hotel Boulogne on the river in Rouen and they go boating and spend the afternoon on an island. Their return journey is
suffused by moonlight and they are both carried away by the beauty of the
evening and their love for one another. Léon finds a discarded red ribbon on
the floor of the boat and the oarsmen remarks that it was probably left by a
previous party of jolly men and women headed by a man he identifies as "Adolphe"
or "Dodolphe". Emma knows he is speaking of Rodolphe and she shivers. When
they part she gives Léon instructions to write to her care of the wet nurse
Madame Rollet. After Emma has left Léon wonders why she is so set on having power
of attorney.
Chapter 4
Early one Saturday morning
Léon travels to Yonville. As in the old days, he dines at the inn and
afterward calls on the Bovary's but does not see Emma. Finally, late Sunday
evening they meet in the lane and she promises to arrange things so that she
can see him regularly. She is confident and hopeful for the future. On the
strength of the imminent inheritance money she purchases more items from
Lheureux and comes to increasingly rely on his services. She begins to take an
interest in music again but pretends that she is rusty on the piano and needs
expensive lessons. Charles eventually concedes that she should take weekly
lessons in Rouen.
Analysis of Chapters
1-4
Leon's time in Paris has given him the confidence to
pursue Emma. In this he is like Rodolphe whose experience had given him the
ability to seduce Emma by strategy. In one of the many recurring phrases and
images in the novel, Léon's parting "Till tomorrow" mirrors the final words
that Rodolphe and Emma speak before he betrays her. The carriage-ride in which
Emma and Léon consummate their love is one of the more famous passages in the
book. Flaubert's indirect description of this event, which is not witnessed by
the reader, is coupled to the coachman's exhaustion and the sexual connotations
inherent to this description. Though Emma is determined to resist Léon's
advances she succumbs to the force of his conviction and then, displaying her
own experience at conducting an affair, orchestrates the details of their
liaisons with cunning and skill. These chapters mark the zenith of her mental
prowess. Not only does Emma succeed in conducting an affair with Léon she uses
the occasion of her father-in-law's death to procure power-of-attorney over her
husband's affairs. This is more of a victory for Lheureux, however, who now
has unfettered access to a woman whose lifestyle he knows to be compromised by reckless
spending and extra-marital affairs.
|