The story opens in late
nineteenth century New York City's Bowery district where a small boy from Rum
Alley stands atop a pile of gravel. He and his friends are under attack by a
rival gang of street urchins from Devil's Row and the little boy has chosen to
make a stand. He throws rocks and hurls insults at his attackers. One of his
retreating friends calls out: "Run, Jimmie, run! Dey'll get yehs," but Jimmie
retorts that "dese micks" can't make him run. This causes The Devil's Row gang
to pelt Jimmie with rocks. Jimmie stumbles down, his clothes in tatters and
his head bleeding from a savage cut. While the boys curse and fight a woman
looks on from her squalid apartment, some men unloading a boat on the river
pause to watch and on the Island a line of yellow convicts trail along the
river's edge. Jimmie receives a cut to his face and his legs begin to buckle.
At this moment an older boy of about sixteen years comes swaggering down the
street. His hat tipped at an angle, the older boy holds a cigar stump clenched
between his teeth, his expression is locked into a permanent sneer. He
observes the smaller boys fighting and arrogantly grabs one of the Devil's Row
gang and with an exclamation of "Ah, what deh hell," he boxes the child to the
ground. The older boy, whose name is Pete, turns to Jimmie and exclaims "What
deh hell, Jimmie?" and Jimmie responds to his friend: "I was goin' teh lick dat
Riley kid and dey all pitched in on me." The rival gangs quit the field of
battle with many curses and begin to brag about their abilities amongst
themselves. Jimmie gets into a brief scuffle with one of his gang mates but
their fight is interrupted when Jimmie's Father, dinner pail in hand and
smoking an apple-wood pipe, arrives on his way home from work. He sees that
his son is fighting and he begins to yell and kick the boys. Jimmie curses his
father and receives another kick for his trouble. Much chagrined Jimmie
follows his father home.
Analysis of Chapter 1
From the first sentence of
this novel "A very little boy stood upon a heap of gravel fighting for the
honor of Rum Alley" emerge two prevalent themes - destruction by violence and
destruction by morality. Violence is central to the first half of the work.
Slaps, strikes, pummels and fisticuffs pervade the story. We first meet Jimmie
Johnson in the middle of a savage and desperate fight with children from a
rival gang; but when that action dissipates he picks a fight with one of his
own gang which in turn only ends when Jimmie's father begins kicking the
enmeshed boys. Apart from the outright violence, however, Maggie is
also a novel about the destructive power of morality misapplied. The novel
exposes the cruelty engendered by hypocritical assumptions of virtue in a
morally bankrupt world. Rather than risk moral censure and loss of status
through their association with Maggie, her mother, Jimmie and Pete choose to
shelter in society's codes though their actions throughout the story have
plainly flown in the face of those same codes.
The opening chapter also
demonstrates two rhetorical devices that Crane will employ throughout the
work. First, Crane's descriptions of the routine activities of the men and
women who notice the gang fight as they go about their afternoon activities is
typical his impressionistic prose style which places the immediate action of
the story in the context of a greater human drama. Second, Crane employs the
vernacular language of the Bowery to good effect. For instance, the catch
phrase "Ah, what deh hell" first appears in this chapter and will be employed
throughout the story with a variety of meanings depending on the context and
the speaker. When the book was republished in 1896, three years after Crane
first published it himself, he was asked to remove a great deal of the street
language for fear that the uncouth language would offend refined readers. Most
editions of the work now use the original 1893 text.
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