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THE 1900s: MEDICINE AND HEALTH: DEATHS

Dr. Edmund Andrews, 80, surgeon who developed many instruments and pioneered the use of nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture and blood transfusion, 22 January 1904.

Wilbur Olin Atwater, 63, agricultural chemist who researched heat-energy potential and caloric values of foods, 22 September 1907.

Dr. Frederick Jones Bancroft, 69, pioneer Colorado physician who organized a medical department at the University of Denver, 16 January 1903.

Dr. Roberts Bartholow, 73, physician who made an early study of electrical stimulation of the brain, 10 May 1904.

Dr. John Janvier Black, 72, prominent physician in the treatment of tuberculosis in Delaware, 27 September 1909.

Dr. Nathan Bozeman, 80, physician responsible for many advances in gynecology and obstetrics, 16 December 1905.

Dr. John Hill Brinton, 75, surgeon who was active in the Civil War, first curator of the Army Medical Museum, and organizer of a major medical history of the war, 18 March 1907.

Dr. Charlotte Amanda Blake Brown, 58, strong supporter of public health measures and women in medicine, 19 April 1904.

Dr. Samuel Clagett Busey, 73, pioneer in pediatric medicine in the District of Columbia, 12 February 1901.

Dr. James Carroll, 53, physician who worked under Dr. Walter Reed on the Army Yellow Fever Commission and allowed himself to be bitten by a carriermosquito to help prove insect transmission, 16 September 1907.

Dr. Julian John Chisolm, 73, pioneer in ophthalmology and local and general anesthesia during and after the Civil War, 2 November 1903.

Dr. Victor H. Coffman, 69, Civil War surgeon and the first American to remove a tumor from a thyroid gland, 4 August 1908.

Dr. Richard Beverly Cole, 72, early medical pioneer in San Francisco, 15 January 1901.

Dr. Jacob Méndez DaCosta, 67, physician who influenced the emergence of internal medicine as a specialty and wrote the classic text Medical Diagnosis (1864), 11 September 1900.

Dr. Israel Thorndike Dana, 77, prominent medical organizer in Maine, 13 April 1904.

Dr. Nathan Smith Davis, 87, a founding member of the American Medical Association (1847) and first editor of its journal (1883-1888), 16 June 1904.

Dr. Charles Denison, 64, physician who developed improvements in many medical instruments and promoted Colorado's climate as a cure for tuberculosis, 10 January 1909.

Dr. James Anthony Dibrell Jr., 58, prominent Arkansas surgeon and state and local medical organizer, 11 November 1904.

Dr. Sarah Read Adamson Dolley, 80, third American woman medical college graduate (1851), 27 December 1909.

Dr. Joseph Eastman, 60, surgeon and innovator in techniques and instruments, 5 June 1902.

Dr. John Johnson Elwell, 80, physician-lawyer who wrote the first book on medical malpractice (1860), 13 March 1900.

Dr. Christian Fenger, 62, prominent brain surgeon known as the "father of modern pathological surgery," 7 March 1902.

Dr. William Henry Fitzbutler, 59, one of the first black physicians to practice in Kentucky (1872), 28 December 1901.

Dr. Eugene Foster, 53, Georgia advocate of municipal sanitation, 23 January 1903.

Dr. George Ryerson Fowler, 58, well-known surgeon and author of a classic text, Treatise on Surgery (1906), 6 February 1906.

Dr. Alonzo Garcelon, 93, prominent advocate of public health and sanitation in Maine, 7 December 1906.

Dr. Albert Leary Gihon, 69, senior medical officer in the navy, where he advocated preventive medicine and recording vital statistics, 17 November 1902.

Daniel Coit Gilman, 77, president of Johns Hopkins, where he established one of the earliest modern research universities in America by building a hospital (1889) and medical school (1893) and by assembling a prominent medical faculty, 13 October 1908.

Dr. Cordelia Agnes Greene, 74, early female medical school graduate who championed health measures among women and children, 28 January 1905.

Dr. William Alexander Hammond, 72, physician who contributed to the development of neurology in America and wrote the first textbook on the topic (1871), 5 January 1900.

Dr. William Tod Helmuth, 69, one of the leading homeopathic surgeons in America from the 1860s until his death, 15 May 1902.

Dr. Philo Oliver Hooper, 69, medical pioneer in Arkansas, 29 July 1902.

Dr. William Travis Howard, 86, developer of many gynecological instruments, 31 July 1907.

Dr. Edward Watrous Jenks, 70, gynecologist and medical organizer in Detroit, 19 March 1903.

Dr. George Augustus Ketchum, 81, first physician to use large doses of quinine for yellow fever (1846) who helped organize the Medical Association of the State of Alabama and that state's medical college, 29 May 1906.

Dr. Levi Cooper Lane, 72, surgeon who performed the first vaginal hysterectomy in the United States and pioneered improvements in harelip treatment, 18 February 1902.

Dr. Jesse William Lazear, 34, member of Dr. Walter Reed's Army Yellow Fever Commission who died after allowing himself to be bitten by an infected mosquito, 25 September 1900.

Mary Ashton Rice Livermore, 84, Civil War nurse and activist in women's rights and public sanitation movements, 23 May 1905.

Dr. Hannah E. Myers Longshore, 82, first female physician in Philadelphia, 18 October 1901.

Dr. James Brown McCaw, 83, a founder of the Medical Society of Virginia and editor of many medical journals, 13 August 1906.

Dr. Hunter Holmes McGuire, 65, prominent Confederate medical leader and Gen. Stonewall Jackson's personal physician, 19 September 1900.

Dr. Marie Joseph Mergler, 50, second woman named to the staff of Chicago's Cook County Hospital (1882) and one of the best-known women physicians of her day, 17 May 1901.

Dr. Robert Wood Mitchell, 72, national leader in public health, 2 November 1903.

Dr. Edward Mott Moore, 88, prominent surgeon and medical educator, 3 March 1902.

Dr. Henry Rinaldo Porter, 55, prominent military surgeon of the 1870s who became famous for gallantry during the Little Big Horn battle in the Montana Territory (1876), 3 March 1903.

Dr. George Edward Post, 71, medical missionary in the Middle East for fifty years, 29 September 1909.

Dr. Samuel Smith Purple, 78, founding member of the New York Academy of Medicine and generous contributor to its library, 29 September 1900.

Dr. Walter Reed, 51, military physician who headed the Army Yellow Fever Commission and planned the laboratory and field experiments that identified the Aedes aegypti mosquito as the carrier of the disease, 22 November 1902.

Dr. James Theodore Reeve, 72, public health advocate in Wisconsin, 4 November 1906.

Dr. Robert Reyburn, 76, prominent black physician in Washington, D.C., and one of the attending physicians to President James Garfield after an assassination attempt (1881), 25 March 1909.

Dr. Lewis Albert Sayre, 80, known as the "father of American orthopedic surgery," 21 September 1900.

Dr. Nicholas Senn, 64, pioneer in abdominal and plastic surgery and the early use of X rays in the treatment of leukemia, 2 January 1908.

Dr. Furman Jeremiah Shadd, 56, prominent black physician in Washington, D.C., 24 June 1908.

Dr. Edward Oram Shakespeare, 54, innovator in ophthalmology and typhoid fever research, 1 June 1900.

Dr. George Frederick Shrady, 70, plastic surgery innovator and well-known medical journal editor, 30 November 1907.

Dr. Alexander Johnston Chalmers Skene, 63, pioneer in gynecology, 4 July 1900.

Dr. Samuel Edwin Solly, 61, early supporter of climatological treatment for tuberculosis, 18 November 1906.

Dr. Edward Robinson Squibb, 81, physician who developed and refined a manufacturing process for many drugs and was a prolific author and supporter of pure food and drug laws, 25 October 1900.

Dr. William L. Steele, 76, pioneering physician in Montana and advocate of public health improvements, 16 May 1909.

Dr. Sarah Ann Hackett Stevenson, 40, first woman physician at Chicago's Cook County Hospital (1881), 14 August 1901.

Dr. Alfred Stille, 87, a founder of the American Medical Association and widely known educator and author, 24 September 1900.

Dr. Theodore Gaillard Thomas, 72, prominent gynecologist and author on medicine, 28 February 1903.

Dr. William Woodbury Watkins, 55, organizer of the medical profession in Idaho, 4 August 1901.

Dr. Conrad Wesselhoeft, 68, homeopathic practitioner and educator who tried to adapt homeopathy to modern advances, 17 December 1904.

Dr. William Riddick Whitehead, 70, developer of instruments and techniques for cleftpalate surgery, 13 October 1902.

Dr. Thomas Dudley Wooten, 77, medical educator and organizer who served as president of the University of Texas, 1 August 1906.

Dr. Monili Wyman, 91, pioneering surgeon who also wrote important works on building ventilation, 30 January 1903.

Dr. Marie Elizabeth Zakrzewska, 72, founder of a Boston hospital that trained women physicians, 12 May 1902.