THE 1970s: MEDICINE AND HEALTH: AWARDS
NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS FOR MEDICINE
OR PHYSIOLOGY
1970
Julius Axelrod (United States), Ulf von Euler (Sweden), and Bernard Katz (Great Britain, born in Germany) for their discoveries of humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release, and inactivation.
1971
Earl W. Sutherland, Jr., (United States), for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms or actions of hormones.
1972
Gerald M. Edelman (United States) and Rodney R. Porter (Great Britain) for their work in immunology on the chemical structure of antibodies.
1973
Karl von Frisch (Austria), Konrad Lorenz (Austria), and Niko Tinbergen (Great Britain, born in the Netherlands) for their discoveries of the organization and elicitation of individual and social behavioral patterns in animals, including those with genetic foundations.
1974
Albert Clause (United States, born in Luxembourg), Christian Rene de Duve (Belgium, born in England), and George E. Palade (United States, born in Romania) for their founding of cell-biology science and work on the structural and functional organization of the cell.
1975
David Baltimore (United States), Renato Dulbecco (United States, born in Italy), and Howard M. Temin (United States) for their discoveries which provided scientists with a blueprint of the interaction between tumor viruses and the genetic material of the cell.
1976
Baruch S. Blumberg (United States) and D. Carleton Gajdusek (United States) for their findings of new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases, including the identification of a new class of human diseases caused by unique infectious agents.
1977
Roger Guillemin (United States, born in France) and Andrew V. Schalley (United States, born in Poland) for their discoveries of the peptide hormone production of the brain; and Rosalyn S. Yalow (United States) for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones.
1978
Werner Arber (Switzerland), Daniel Nathans (United States), and Hamilton O. Smith (United States) for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to molecular genetics.
1979
Allan Cormack (United States, born in South Africa) and Godfrey Hounsfield (Great Britain) for the development of computer-assisted tomography.
AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
DISTINGUISHED SERVICE AWARD
RECIPIENTS
The AMA Distinguished Service Award honors a member of the association for general meritorious service.
1970
Henry L. Bockus, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
1971
George R. Herrmann, Galveston, Texas
1972
Milton Helpern, New York, New York
1973
George Hoyt Whipple, Rochester, New York 1974
1974
William Fouts House, Los Angeles, California
1975
William R. Willard, Moundville, Alabama
1976
Claude E. Welch, Boston, Massachusetts
1977
Franz J. Ingelfinger, Boston, Massachusetts
1978
William P. Longmire, Jr., Los Angeles, California
1979
William A. Sodeman, Sr., Toledo, Ohio
ALBERT LASKER AWARDS
The Albert Lasker Awards are given in honor of medical research of a pioneering nature.
Basic Research Awards
1970
Earl W. Sutherland for his discovery of a regulator of body chemistry called cyclic AMP.
1971
Seymour Benzer, Sydney Brenner (Great Britain), and Charles Yanofsky, whose decoding of genetic material helped explain the nature of genetic mutations.
1972
No award
1973
No award
1974
Ludwick Gross, who contributed to knowledge of leukemia- and cancer-causing viruses in mammals; Howard E. Skipper for research in the chemotherapy of cancer; Sol Spiegelman for research in molecular biology; and Howard M. Temin for his work on the biology of RNA-containing cancer viruses.
1975
Roger C. L. Guillemin for discovering several hormones, including somatostatin, and Andrew V. Schalley for discovering luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone; Frank Dixon and Henry G. Kunkel for discoveries that help explain immunological disorders that may underlie chronic kidney, heart, and joint diseases.
1976
Rosalyn S. Yalow, for her role in developing with the late Dr. Solomon A. Berson, radioimmunoassay techniques that measure changes between normal and disease states.
1977
K. Sune D. Berstrom (Sweden), Bengt Samuelsson (Sweden), and Dr. John R. Vane (Great Britain) for discoveries and other pioneering research concerning prostaglandins.
1978
Hans W. Kosterlitz (Great Britain), John Hughes (Great Britain), and Solomon H. Snyder for chemical discoveries affecting pain control.
1979
Walter Gilbert and Frederick Sanger (Great Britain) for major contributions made to the understanding of the chemistry of heredity, Roger W. Sperry for studies in the functioning of the human brain.
CLINICAL RESEARCH AWARDS
1970
Robert A. Good for discovering the mysteries of immunology and using the findings to cure fatal diseases.
1971
Edward D. Freis for his work in hypertensive disease and his findings that moderate cases of high blood pressure could be treated with drugs, reducing strokes and heart failure.
1972
Vincent T. DeVita, Jr., Emil Frei III, Emil J. Freireich, James F. Holland, Donald Pinkel, Paul Carbone, Min Chiu Li, Roy Hertz, Edmund Klein, Eugene J. Van Scott, Denis Burkitt (Great Britain), Joseph H. Burchenal, John L. Ziegler (Uganda), V. Anomah Ngu (United Republic of Cameroon), Isaac Djerassi, and C. Gordon Zubrod, all of whom pioneered in the use of drugs to combat cancers.
1973
William Bennett Kouwenhausen, for developing techniques of external heart massage; Paul M. Zoll whose research led to the development of the pacemaker.
1974
Prof. John Charnley for perfection of the operation that involves replacement with artificial materials of the hip socket and the top of the thighbone.
1975
Engineer Godfrey N. Hounsfield (Great Britain) for his invention of computer-assisted tomography, a computerized X-ray device used in brain scanning, with William Oldendorf, who conceived of scanning the brain with X rays a decade before Hounsfield independently developed the scanner.
1976
Raymond P. Ahlquist and James W. Black (Great Britain) for independent research that led to the development of drugs called beta-blockers and the drug propanolol (also called inderal), which prevents irregular heartbeats and lowers blood pressure.
1977
Inge G. Edler (Sweden) and C. Hellmuth Hertz (Sweden) for pioneering work in applying ultrasound vibrations to diagnose heart disorders and other serious illnesses.
1978
Michael Heidelberger for immunochemistry research leading to vaccines made from polysaccharides; Robert Austrian for the development of a vaccine against the pneumococci bacterium; Emil Gotschlich for the development of a vaccine against meningitis.
1979
No award
SPECIAL AWARDS
1972
C. Gordon Zubrod, Special Award for his administrative leadership in creating "an effective national cancer chemotherapy program."
1973
Sen. Warren G. Magnuson, Public Service Award for crucial legislative leadership guaranteeing that major types of cancer will be conquered in his lifetime.
1975
Jules Stein, Public Service Award for his support of research that has led to the development of several techniques to prevent blindness. Karl H. Beyer, James M. Sprague, John E. Baer, and Frederick C. Novello, Special Public Health Award for creating a new class of drugs—thiazide diuretics—to control high blood pressure and swelling associated with heart disease.
1976
World Health Organization, Public Service Award for historic achievement in the eradication of smallpox.
1978
Elliot L. Richardson and Theodore Cooper, Public Service Award for initiating the National High Blood Pressure Education Program.
1979
Sir John Wilson (Great Britain), Public Service Award for important contributions to the worldwide campaign against blindness.
MCALPINE MEDAL
The Mental Health Association began giving the McAlpine Medal in 1972 for outstanding research in the causes and prevention of mental illness.
1972
Seymour Kety, biochemical research in schizophrenia
1973
Robert Coles
1974
Erik H. Erikson, psychoanalysis and human development
1975
Alexander Leighton, social psychiatry
1976
William E. Bunney, biochemistry of depression
1977
Lyman Winn and Margaret Singer, work on schizophrenia
1978
Neal E. Miller
1979
Daniel X, Freedman
PASSANO FOUNDATION AWARDS
Passano Foundation Awards honor distinguished work done in the United States in medical research. Originally one award was endowed. Beginning in 1974 there were two awards, a Senior Award and a Junior Award.
1970
Paul Charles Zamecnik, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
1971
Stephen W. Kuffler, Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts
1972
Kimishige Ishizaka, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
1973
Roger W. Sperry, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena
SENIOR AWARDS
1974
Seymour S. Cohen, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver
1975
Henry G. Kunkel, Rockefeller University, New York
1976
Roger Guillemin, Salk Institute, San Diego, California
1977
Curt P. Richter, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
1978
Michael S. Brown and Joseph L. Goldstein, University of Texas Health Center, Dallas
1979
Donald F. Steiner, University of Chicago, Illinois
JUNIOR AWARDS
1974
Baruch S. Blumberg, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
1975
Joan Argetsinger Steitz, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
1976
Robert A. Bradshaw, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
1977
Eric A. Jaffee, Cornell University Medical College, Ithaca, New York
1978
Robert J. Lefkowitz, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
1979
Richard Axel, Columbia University, New York
NURSING AWARDS
The Anna Fillmore Award recognizes contributions in the development and administration of community health services on a local, state, or national level.
1977
Eva M. Reese
1979
Virgina Coker Phillips
The Lucile Petry Leone Award is given every two years to an outstanding nurse-teacher with no more than seven years of teaching experience in the last ten years.
1971
Ada Sue Hinshaw
1973
Rhoda B. Epstein
1975
Lillian Gatlin Stokes
1977
Gail Elaine Wiscarz Stuart
1979
Christine A. Tanner
The National League for Nursing Distinguished Service Award honors an individual, group, or team for outstanding leadership and service.
1971
Mary C. Rockefeller
Alabama League for Nursing
1973
Ruth Sleeper
1975
Anna M. Fillmore
1977
Lulu Wolf Hassenplug
1979
Lillian S. Brunner
The Mary Adelaide Nutting Award is given every two years to honor outstanding leadership and achievement in nursing education or nursing service.
1971
Jessie M. Scott
W. K. Kellogg Foundation
1973
Lucile Petry Leone
Ester Lucile Brown
1975
Jo Eleanor Elliott
Mary Kelly Mullane
1977
Virginia Henderson
1979
Rena E. Boyle
The Linda Richards Award honors an individual actively engaged in nursing whose contribution is unique, of a pioneering nature, or of such excellence as to merit national recognition.
1971
No award
1973
Hildegard Peplau
Mabel Keaton Staupers
1975
Rosemary Wood
1977
M. Lucille Kinlein
1979
Loretta C. Ford
