A

INDEX

Page references in bold refer to a main essay or sidebar on that topic. Page references in italics refer to illustrations.

A

"A la clair fontaine" (song), 4 21 amt_0001_0004_0_00097 "A St. Malo, beau port de mer" (song), 4 21 amt_0001_0004_0_00097 "A-Walking and A-Talking" (lyric song), 3 10-11 amt_0001_0003_0_00059 Ables, Shirley (gospel singer), 2 99 amt_0001_0002_0_00045 Abshire, Nathan (Cajun accordionist), 4 33 amt_0001_0004_0_00099 4 36 amt_0001_0004_0_00099 Acadians Cajun music exile from New France, 4 7-8 amt_0001_0004_0_00095 4 26 amt_0001_0004_0_00098 4 31 amt_0001_0004_0_00099 4 36 amt_0001_0004_0_00099 migration to Louisiana, 4 8-9 amt_0001_0004_0_00095 4 12-13 amt_0001_0004_0_00095 4 26 amt_0001_0004_0_00098 4 31 amt_0001_0004_0_00099 New England population of, 4 12 amt_0001_0004_0_00095 Accordions Button accordions African-American nonblues secular music, 2 45-46 amt_0001_0002_0_00038 Cajun music, 4 34-35 amt_0001_0004_0_00099 4 37 amt_0001_0004_0_00099 diatonic, 4 34-35 amt_0001_0004_0_00099 electronic, 4 71 amt_0001_0004_0_00105 German old-time music, 4 52 amt_0001_0004_0_00102 Irish traditional music, 3 165 amt_0001_0003_0_00083 merengue music, 5 8 amt_0001_0005_0_00123 O'odham waila music, 1 38 amt_0001_0001_0_00013 1 112 amt_0001_0001_0_00023 piano accordion, 5 8 amt_0001_0005_0_00123 Pittsburg, New Hampshire, dance music, 3 19 amt_0001_0003_0_00060 squeezebox and accordion bands, 4 61-62 amt_0001_0004_0_00104 Texas-Mexican conjunto music, 5 63 amt_0001_0005_0_00132 5 66-67 amt_0001_0005_0_00132 zydeco music, 4 34-35 amt_0001_0004_0_00099 Acrobatic dancing NA NA NA African-American street dancing, 2 120-121 amt_0001_0002_0_00049 qeej music and dancing, Hmong people, 5 137-138 amt_0001_0005_0_00146 Acuff, Roy (country musician), 3 103 amt_0001_0003_0_00072 3 105 amt_0001_0003_0_00072 Adair, John, 1 108 amt_0001_0001_0_00023 Adams, Sheila Kay (ballad singer), 3 66 amt_0001_0003_0_00067 3 68 amt_0001_0003_0_00067 Adler, Jacob P. (Jewish actor), 4 102 amt_0001_0004_0_00111 African American dancing NA NA NA break dancing, 2 117 amt_0001_0002_0_00048 2 119-121 amt_0001_0002_0_00049 Cape Verdean American communities, 2 19-23 amt_0001_0002_0_00035 country house blues parties, 2 55-56 amt_0001_0002_0_00039 non-blues secular music, 2 45-47 amt_0001_0002_0_00038 Piedmont blues music, 2 55-57 amt_0001_0002_0_00039 slave shout songs from Georgia, 2 76-84 amt_0001_0002_0_00042 street dancing and music, 2 117 amt_0001_0002_0_00048 2 119-122 amt_0001_0002_0_00049 African American music Caribbean music West African music banjo songsters of North Carolina, 2 6-12 amt_0001_0002_0_00033 bibliography, discography, and videography, 2 128-137 amt_0001_0002_0_00051 Birmingham gospel quartets, 2 89-95 amt_0001_0002_0_00044 black urban culture, 2 115-118 amt_0001_0002_0_00048 Cape Verdean American communities, 2 19-23 amt_0001_0002_0_00035 chantey tradition of menhaden fishery, 2 14-18 amt_0001_0002_0_00034 characteristics, 2 4-5 amt_0001_0002_0_00032 Chicago blues, 2 124-127 amt_0001_0002_0_00050 choral song style, 2 108-111 amt_0001_0002_0_00047 civil rights movement songs, 2 105-114 amt_0001_0002_0_00047 collection of songs, 2 1 amt_0001_0002_0_00032 2 3 amt_0001_0002_0_00032 Detroit gospel music, 2 101-104 amt_0001_0002_0_00046 early fiddlers in New England, 3 24 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 introduction, 2 1-5 amt_0001_0002_0_00032 2 1-5 amt_0001_0002_0_00032 Judge Jackson and the Colored Sacred Harp, 2 85-88 amt_0001_0002_0_00043 non-blues secular music, 2 42-47 amt_0001_0002_0_00038 old-time fiddle music in Alabama, 3 117-118 amt_0001_0003_0_00074 Piedmont blues, 2 49-57 amt_0001_0002_0_00039 "race records," 2 1 amt_0001_0002_0_00032 railroad section gang (gandy dancer) songs, 2 24-29 amt_0001_0002_0_00036 regional overview, 2 2 (map) amt_0001_0002_0_00032 regional variety, 2 3 amt_0001_0002_0_00032 slave shout songs from Georgia, 2 76-84 amt_0001_0002_0_00042 street dancing, "rapping," and DJ mixing, 2 119-122 amt_0001_0002_0_00049 Tate and Panola Counties, Mississippi, 2 30-41 amt_0001_0002_0_00037 Tennessee blues and gospel, 2 59-66 amt_0001_0002_0_00040 traditional style, 2 108-111 amt_0001_0002_0_00047 vocal and instrumental sound qualities, 2 4 amt_0001_0002_0_00032 Washington, D.C., gospel music, 2 96-100 amt_0001_0002_0_00045 Willie Dixon and wisdom of the blues, 2 68-75 amt_0001_0002_0_00041 African influence on French settlers, 4 6 amt_0001_0004_0_00095 4 9 amt_0001_0004_0_00095 Afro-Cuban styles in Puerto Rican music, 5 20-21 amt_0001_0005_0_00125 Aguinaldos (Puerto Rican religious songs), 5 23 amt_0001_0005_0_00125 5 86 amt_0001_0005_0_00135 "Ah! qui me passera le bois" (song), 4 21 amt_0001_0004_0_00097 "Les Ailes Rouges" (song), 4 17 amt_0001_0004_0_00096 "Ain't Going to Work Tomorrow" (autoharp tune), 3 128 amt_0001_0003_0_00075 Al Clauser and the Oklahoma Outlaws, 3 158-159 amt_0001_0003_0_00081 Alabado (religious lament), 5 49 amt_0001_0005_0_00130 5 54 amt_0001_0005_0_00130 5 61 amt_0001_0005_0_00131 Alabama NA NA NA civil rights songs, 2 113-114 amt_0001_0002_0_00047 Dale County Colored Musical Institute, 2 86 amt_0001_0002_0_00043 "fiddle dances," 3 119 amt_0001_0003_0_00074 four-shape Sacred Harp singing, 3 76-77 amt_0001_0003_0_00068 gospel quartets in Birmingham, 2 89-95 amt_0001_0002_0_00044 Alabama NA NA NA

Henry County Sacred Harp Singing Convention, 2 85-86 amt_0001_0002_0_00043 Jefferson County, 2 89 amt_0001_0002_0_00044 Negro Folk Song Festival, Birmingham, 2 90 amt_0001_0002_0_00044 old-time fiddling, 3 115-121 amt_0001_0003_0_00074 Sacred Harp tradition, 2 85-88 amt_0001_0002_0_00043 3 72-73 amt_0001_0003_0_00068 3 75-77 amt_0001_0003_0_00068 Alabama Christian Movement Choir, 2 114 amt_0001_0002_0_00047 "Alabama Jubilee" (square dance tune), 3 48 amt_0001_0003_0_00063 Alaska NA NA NA Gwich'in Indians, 1 98-104 amt_0001_0001_0_00022 Metlakahtla Comet Band, 1 111 amt_0001_0001_0_00023 Albany, Georgia, and civil rights movement, 2 105 amt_0001_0002_0_00047 2 107 amt_0001_0002_0_00047 2 109 amt_0001_0002_0_00047 Aleichem, Sholem (Yiddish novelist), 4 103 amt_0001_0004_0_00111 Alexander, John (gospel quartet leader), 2 94 amt_0001_0002_0_00044 Alfonso, Lazaro (batá drummer), 5 31 amt_0001_0005_0_00127 "Alice Blue Gown" (play-party song), 3 17 amt_0001_0003_0_00060 Allard, Joseph (fiddler), 3 32 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 Allen, Ray, 5 4 amt_0001_0005_0_00122 Almeida, Santiago (conjunto musician), 5 66 amt_0001_0005_0_00132 Alstead, T. Dinsmore (dance promoter), 3 27 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 Alston, Dave (banjo player), 2 8 amt_0001_0002_0_00033 "Amazing Grace" NA NA NA African American hymn, 2 110 amt_0001_0002_0_00047 Cherokee hymn, 1 69-70 amt_0001_0001_0_00018 "Ambush from All Sides" (pipa music), 5 99 amt_0001_0005_0_00138 American Indian Exposition, 1 66 amt_0001_0001_0_00017 Amerikan Poijat (band), 4 120 amt_0001_0004_0_00114 Amoskeag Manufacturing Company, 4 19 amt_0001_0004_0_00097 Ancient Vibrations (Jamaican band), 5 10 amt_0001_0005_0_00123 "And the Angels Sing" (song), 4 104 amt_0001_0004_0_00111 Anderson, Cecil (Duke of Iron), 5 37 amt_0001_0005_0_00128 5 38 amt_0001_0005_0_00128 Anderson, Chester (country musician), 3 112 amt_0001_0003_0_00073 Anderson, Garland, 3 88 amt_0001_0003_0_00070 Anderson, Pink (blues musician), 2 53 amt_0001_0002_0_00039 Anderson, Queen C. (gospel singer), 2 66 amt_0001_0002_0_00040 Angelo, Beato, 4 47 amt_0001_0004_0_00101 Antiphonal songs. Call/response songs Antony, Marc (Puerto Rican singer), 5 21 amt_0001_0005_0_00125 Apodaca, Antonia (New Mexican accordionist), 5 53-54 amt_0001_0005_0_00130 Apodaca, Maximilian (fiddler), 5 53 amt_0001_0005_0_00130 Appalachia NA NA NA bluegrass music centered in, 3 137 amt_0001_0003_0_00076 Old Regular Baptists of Central Appalachia, 3 57-60 amt_0001_0003_0_00065 Primitive Baptist singing in Southern Appalachians, 3 61-65 amt_0001_0003_0_00066 Arani, Nasima, 5 107 amt_0001_0005_0_00140 Arapaho Indian fair, 1 63 amt_0001_0001_0_00017 1 65 amt_0001_0001_0_00017 Arbeiter Ring chorus, 4 102 amt_0001_0004_0_00111 Archive of Folk Song, Library of Congress, 3 5 amt_0001_0003_0_00058 Ardoin, "Bois Sec" (zydeco musician), 4 13 amt_0001_0004_0_00095 Arizona NA NA NA Pueblo communities, 1 27-30 amt_0001_0001_0_00011 Yaqui people, 1 31-34 amt_0001_0001_0_00012 Ark-La-Tex music, 3 150-154 amt_0001_0003_0_00080 history of music, 3 152-154 amt_0001_0003_0_00080 instruments, 3 150 amt_0001_0003_0_00080 map of region, 3 151 (map) amt_0001_0003_0_00080 secular and sacred music, 3 150-152 amt_0001_0003_0_00080 "Arkansas Traveler" (square dance tune), 3 48 amt_0001_0003_0_00063 3 102 amt_0001_0003_0_00072 Armstrong, Howard (fiddler), 2 60 amt_0001_0002_0_00040 2 124 amt_0001_0002_0_00050 Armstrong, Vanessa Bell (gospel singer), 2 104 amt_0001_0002_0_00046 Arnspiger, Herman (guitarist), 3 155-156 amt_0001_0003_0_00081 3 159 amt_0001_0003_0_00081 Árpádon-Albany Hungarian community, 4 92 amt_0001_0004_0_00110 ArtPark (Lewiston, New York), Calabrian music in, 4 41 amt_0001_0004_0_00100 Ashley, Tom (autoharpist), 3 129 amt_0001_0003_0_00075 Ashlock, Jesse (Western swing musician), 3 159 amt_0001_0003_0_00081 Asian American Jazz Festival, 5 90-91 amt_0001_0005_0_00136 Asian American movement, 5 90 amt_0001_0005_0_00136 Asian American music NA NA NA bibliography, discography, and videography, 5 169-171 amt_0001_0005_0_00150 birthplaces of Asian American music, 5 5 (map) amt_0001_0005_0_00122 Cambodian classical dance, 5 117-122 amt_0001_0005_0_00142 Cambodian culture and community in America, 5 123-126 amt_0001_0005_0_00143 Chinese American traditional music in New York City, 5 142-151 amt_0001_0005_0_00148 circle dances: Gujaratis in America, 5 100-103 amt_0001_0005_0_00139 Diwali in Seattle, 5 104-108 amt_0001_0005_0_00140 folklore and the Vietnamese community, 5 132-134 amt_0001_0005_0_00145 Hawai'ian music cultures, 5 76-86 amt_0001_0005_0_00135 historical background, 5 1-2 amt_0001_0005_0_00122 Hmong New Year, 5 139-141 amt_0001_0005_0_00147 introduction, 5 1-6 amt_0001_0005_0_00122 Japanese American music in California, 5 88-92 amt_0001_0005_0_00136 Japanese Americans in the Pacific Northwest, 5 94-95 amt_0001_0005_0_00137 Mindanaoan Kulintang music, 5 117-122 amt_0001_0005_0_00142 music making in cultural displacement: Chinese Americans, 5 154-163 amt_0001_0005_0_00149 Seattle Kokon-Taiko, 5 96-99 amt_0001_0005_0_00138 T. Viswanathan (flutist), 5 109-116 amt_0001_0005_0_00141 talking reeds and singing voices, 5 127-130 amt_0001_0005_0_00144 traditional Hmong music in the United States, 5 135-138 amt_0001_0005_0_00146 Assu, Billy (Kwakwaka'wakw tribe), 1 88 amt_0001_0001_0_00021 Athabascan fiddling NA NA NA funding by National Endowment for the Arts, 1 103 amt_0001_0001_0_00022 Han Athabascans, 1 101 amt_0001_0001_0_00022 Old-Time Fiddling Festival, 1 103-104 amt_0001_0001_0_00022 Atkins, Chet (Western swing musician), 3 158 amt_0001_0003_0_00081 "Attrape-moi mon chapeau" (song), 4 36 amt_0001_0004_0_00099 Autoharp, 3 122-131 amt_0001_0003_0_00075 finding and recording autoharp players, 3 123-126 amt_0001_0003_0_00075 history, 3 122-123 amt_0001_0003_0_00075 holding against chest, 3 130 amt_0001_0003_0_00075 lap dulcimer vs., 3 129 amt_0001_0003_0_00075 limitations, 3 128-129 amt_0001_0003_0_00075 as member of string bands, 3 97 amt_0001_0003_0_00071 pioneering autoharp virtuosi, 3 124-128 amt_0001_0003_0_00075 playing techniques in the South, 3 126-131 amt_0001_0003_0_00075 recordings, 3 129-130 amt_0001_0003_0_00075 types of songs played, 3 128 amt_0001_0003_0_00075 Avalos, José Luis (mariachi musician), 5 71 amt_0001_0005_0_00133 Averill, Kelly, 2 17 amt_0001_0002_0_00034 "A-Walking and A-Talking" (lyric song), 3 10-11 amt_0001_0003_0_00059 Ayabonmbe (Haitian folkloric troupe), 5 34 amt_0001_0005_0_00127 Ayala, Pedro (conjunto accordionist), 5 66 amt_0001_0005_0_00132 Ayala, Ramón (conjunto musician), 5 66 amt_0001_0005_0_00132 Azpiazu, Don (bandleader), 5 7 amt_0001_0005_0_00123 5 13 amt_0001_0005_0_00124

B

B L & S (gospel singers), 2 99 amt_0001_0002_0_00045 Babalu and the Headhunters (Bahamian Junkanoo band), 5 34 amt_0001_0005_0_00127 Babay, Bélas (gypsy primás), 4 97 amt_0001_0004_0_00110 Babb, Reverend Morgan (gospel singer), 2 63-64 amt_0001_0002_0_00040 Babos, Árpád (Hungarian musician), 4 96 amt_0001_0004_0_00110 "Baby Stop Crying—Look Upward at Father Sky" (Pawnee song), 1 54 amt_0001_0001_0_00016

Bachata music, Dominican islanders, 5 26 amt_0001_0005_0_00126 5 28-29 amt_0001_0005_0_00126 "Back Up and Push" (fiddle tune), 3 110 amt_0001_0003_0_00073 Bacon Rind, Chief (Osage), 1 64 amt_0001_0001_0_00017 "Bad Lee Brown" (African American ballad), 2 47 amt_0001_0002_0_00038 Bagpipes Drones Irish traditional music, 3 165 amt_0001_0003_0_00083 Italian folk music, 4 48 amt_0001_0004_0_00101 Bagstad, Tilford "Tip" (fiddler), 4 64-65 amt_0001_0004_0_00104 Bahamas Junkanoo Revue, 5 34 amt_0001_0005_0_00127 Bahamian percussion traditions in Miami, 5 34-35 amt_0001_0005_0_00127 Baile (dance) music NA NA NA as basis for O'odham waila music, 1 38 amt_0001_0001_0_00013 Latino communities in Colorado and New Mexico, 5 49 amt_0001_0005_0_00130 5 55 amt_0001_0005_0_00130 Rio Grande del Norte, 5 61 amt_0001_0005_0_00131 Bailey, DeFord (harmonica player), 2 60 amt_0001_0002_0_00040 Baily, George "Lovey" (calypso bandleader), 5 36 amt_0001_0005_0_00128 Bajo sexto guitar, conjunto bands, 5 63 amt_0001_0005_0_00132 Baker, Kenny (blue grass fiddler), 3 119 amt_0001_0003_0_00074 3 136 amt_0001_0003_0_00076 Baking pan, as musical instrument, 2 83 amt_0001_0002_0_00042 Balasaraswati, T. (Indian dancer), 5 109 amt_0001_0005_0_00141 5 112 amt_0001_0005_0_00141 5 113 amt_0001_0005_0_00141 5 114 amt_0001_0005_0_00141 Baldovinos, Salvador (mariachi musician), 5 71 amt_0001_0005_0_00133 Baldwin, Dr. Dana, 2 45 amt_0001_0002_0_00038 Baldwin, Will (banjo player), 2 8 amt_0001_0002_0_00033 Balfa, Dewey (Cajun fiddler), 4 33-34 amt_0001_0004_0_00099 4 38 amt_0001_0004_0_00099 Balfa, Rodney (Cajun guitarist), 4 33 amt_0001_0004_0_00099 Balfa, Will (Cajun fiddler), 4 33 amt_0001_0004_0_00099 Balfa Brothers' band, 4 33 amt_0001_0004_0_00099 Ballad singing in Madison County, North Carolina, 3 66-69 amt_0001_0003_0_00067 history, 3 66-68 amt_0001_0003_0_00067 singers and styles, 3 68-69 amt_0001_0003_0_00067 Ballads NA NA NA African American secular music, 2 47 amt_0001_0002_0_00038 Anglo-American ballads in Vermont, 3 6-12 amt_0001_0003_0_00059 British Isles music, 3 3-4 amt_0001_0003_0_00058 classical and broadside ballads, 3 7-10 amt_0001_0003_0_00059 lyric songs vs., 3 10 amt_0001_0003_0_00059 occasions for singing, 3 6-7 amt_0001_0003_0_00059 single voice narrative form, 3 1 amt_0001_0003_0_00058 style, 3 7-8 amt_0001_0003_0_00059 sung by women while working, 3 6-7 amt_0001_0003_0_00059 Ballard, Amos (fiddler), 3 91 amt_0001_0003_0_00070 Bamboo mouth organ, 5 92 amt_0001_0005_0_00136 Band, Oscar Stensgard (Swedish fiddler), 4 114 amt_0001_0004_0_00113 Banda, Mexico and Central America, 1 110-111 amt_0001_0001_0_00023 Bands NA NA NA adopted by Native Americans, 1 110 amt_0001_0001_0_00023 1 111 amt_0001_0001_0_00023 fiddle and banjo string bands, 2 10 amt_0001_0002_0_00033 Hungarian, 4 95-98 amt_0001_0004_0_00110 Mariachi bands, Yaqui people, 1 34 amt_0001_0001_0_00012 old-time German music in Minnesota, 4 50-52 amt_0001_0004_0_00102 Banjar (gourd ancestor of banjo), 2 6 amt_0001_0002_0_00033 2 7 amt_0001_0002_0_00033 Banjo players NA NA NA Adam Manly Reece, Grayson County, Virginia, 3 87-93 amt_0001_0003_0_00070 black banjo songsters of North Carolina, 2 6-12 amt_0001_0002_0_00033 Eastern Cherokees, 1 16 amt_0001_0001_0_00009 portraits of African American banjo players, 2 8-11 amt_0001_0002_0_00033 Uncle Dave Macon, 3 102 amt_0001_0003_0_00072 3 103-106 amt_0001_0003_0_00072 Uncle Wade Ward, Virginia, 3 94-99 amt_0001_0003_0_00071 Banjos, 2 6-12 amt_0001_0002_0_00033 African American influence in Blue Ridge Mountains, 3 87-88 amt_0001_0003_0_00070 bluegrass music, 3 134 amt_0001_0003_0_00076 3 135 amt_0001_0003_0_00076 3 146 amt_0001_0003_0_00079 blues music influenced by, 2 49 amt_0001_0002_0_00039 2 51 amt_0001_0002_0_00039 characteristics of old-time dance music, 3 96 amt_0001_0003_0_00071 clawhammer style, 2 7 amt_0001_0002_0_00033 2 10-11 amt_0001_0002_0_00033 2 45 amt_0001_0002_0_00038 3 90 amt_0001_0003_0_00070 3 94 amt_0001_0003_0_00071 3 145 amt_0001_0003_0_00079 complexity of songs, 2 12 amt_0001_0002_0_00033 decline of popularity, 2 11 amt_0001_0002_0_00033 drones in traditional playing style, 3 96 amt_0001_0003_0_00071 drop-thumb style, 1 16 amt_0001_0001_0_00009 fiddle and banjo string bands, 2 10 amt_0001_0002_0_00033 3 87-88 amt_0001_0003_0_00070 3 97 amt_0001_0003_0_00071 3 119 amt_0001_0003_0_00074 fiddle and guitar string bands, 3 87-88 amt_0001_0003_0_00070 3 96 amt_0001_0003_0_00071 "Galax-lick" style, 2 12 amt_0001_0002_0_00033 interaction of African American tradition with other cultures, 2 7-8 amt_0001_0002_0_00033 Irish traditional music, 3 165 amt_0001_0003_0_00083 knocking-on style, 2 8 amt_0001_0002_0_00033 lyric banjo songs, 2 6 amt_0001_0002_0_00033 2 7 amt_0001_0002_0_00033 minstrel shows, 2 8-9 amt_0001_0002_0_00033 3 4 amt_0001_0003_0_00058 3 88 amt_0001_0003_0_00070 3 89 amt_0001_0003_0_00070 3 103 amt_0001_0003_0_00072 mixolydian mode, 3 96 amt_0001_0003_0_00071 non-blues secular black music, 2 42-45 amt_0001_0002_0_00038 North Carolina locations of banjo music, 2 7 (map) amt_0001_0002_0_00033 occasions for performance, 2 7 amt_0001_0002_0_00033 Okefenokee swamp region, 3 85 amt_0001_0003_0_00069 old-time music, 3 108-114 amt_0001_0003_0_00073 3 145 amt_0001_0003_0_00079 overlap of traditional banjo and fiddle music, 3 95-96 amt_0001_0003_0_00071 pentatonic and hexatonic scales, 3 96 amt_0001_0003_0_00071 rhythmic styles, 2 11-12 amt_0001_0002_0_00033 short-drone-string type, 2 6 amt_0001_0002_0_00033 slides on individual strings, 2 11 amt_0001_0002_0_00033 Tate and Panola Counties, Mississippi, 2 37 amt_0001_0002_0_00037 thumping style, 2 8 amt_0001_0002_0_00033 2 10 amt_0001_0002_0_00033 two-finger, up-picking style, 2 11 amt_0001_0002_0_00033 2 45 amt_0001_0002_0_00038 typical African American songs, 2 6 amt_0001_0002_0_00033 West African influence on rhythm, 2 11-12 amt_0001_0002_0_00033 Banks, Dennis (Indian activist), 1 115 amt_0001_0001_0_00023 Banks, Lucille (gospel radio producer), 2 98 amt_0001_0002_0_00045 Banks, R. E., 1 63 amt_0001_0001_0_00017 Baptist hymns. Old Regular Baptist hymns Primitive Baptist hymns "Barbara Allen" (ballad), 3 85 amt_0001_0003_0_00069 Barbeau, Marius, 4 17 amt_0001_0004_0_00096 Barbershop harmony NA NA NA bluegrass musician, 3 133 amt_0001_0003_0_00076 choral structure of civil rights songs, 2 113 amt_0001_0002_0_00047 "The Bare Rock Song" (ballad), 3 16 amt_0001_0003_0_00060 Bariles (Puerto Rican drums), 5 22 amt_0001_0005_0_00125 Barker, Sister R. Mildred, 3 54 amt_0001_0003_0_00064 "Barndomshemmet" (song), 4 109 amt_0001_0004_0_00112 Barnes, Edwina (pianist), 3 30 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 Barnes, Link (fiddler), 3 30 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 Barnhill, Sheila Adams, 3 68 amt_0001_0003_0_00067 Adams, Sheila Kay (ballad singer) Barrett, Dick (Texas-style contest fiddler), 3 162 amt_0001_0003_0_00082 Barrio Boys (Latino group), 5 53 amt_0001_0005_0_00130 Barry (née Bagelman) Sisters, 4 104 amt_0001_0004_0_00111 Bart, Jan (Jewish musician), 4 104 amt_0001_0004_0_00111 Bartal, Jenö (Hungarian bandleader), 4 96 amt_0001_0004_0_00110 Bass drum NA NA NA African American music, 2 36 amt_0001_0002_0_00037 junkanoo music, 5 34 amt_0001_0005_0_00127 Native American music, 1 38 amt_0001_0001_0_00013 Bass fiddle Electric bass African American music, 2 36 amt_0001_0002_0_00037 Bass guitar Electric bass gospel music, 2 97 amt_0001_0002_0_00045 Gwich'in Indian music, 1 101 amt_0001_0001_0_00022 O'odham waila music, 1 38 amt_0001_0001_0_00013 1 112 amt_0001_0001_0_00023 as Willie Dixon's chosen instrument, 2 72 amt_0001_0002_0_00041 Batá de fundamento (consecrated drums), 5 31 amt_0001_0005_0_00127

Batá drums NA NA NA adaptation into salsa and Latin jazz, 5 15 amt_0001_0005_0_00124 Orisha religion and ceremonies, 5 31-32 amt_0001_0005_0_00127 Santería ceremonies, 5 9 amt_0001_0005_0_00123 5 15 amt_0001_0005_0_00124 types of, 5 15 amt_0001_0005_0_00124 Bates, Harry (dance band leader), 3 30 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 Bates, Dr. Humphrey (string band leader), 3 105 amt_0001_0003_0_00072 Bates, Elder Issachar, 3 52 amt_0001_0003_0_00064 Bates Dance Orchestra, 3 30 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 Batesville, Mississippi, 2 30 amt_0001_0002_0_00037 2 32 amt_0001_0002_0_00037 Battle, Elder Bernard (gospel composer), 2 98 amt_0001_0002_0_00045 Batuko dance music, Cape Verdean Americans, 2 20 amt_0001_0002_0_00035 2 22 amt_0001_0002_0_00035 Bauzá, Mario (Cuban musician), 5 13 amt_0001_0005_0_00124 Bauzo, Louis (Puerto Rican bandleader), 5 21 amt_0001_0005_0_00125 Beale, Charlie (gospel singer), 2 94 amt_0001_0002_0_00044 Beale Street area, Memphis, Tennessee NA NA NA blues styles, 2 59-60 amt_0001_0002_0_00040 decline and renaissance of, 2 61-62 amt_0001_0002_0_00040 landmarks circa 1925, 2 61 (map) amt_0001_0002_0_00040 Beale Street Sheiks, 2 61 amt_0001_0002_0_00040 Beamish, Abram (Irish fiddler), 3 171 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 Bean dance, Seneca people, 1 23 amt_0001_0001_0_00010 Beatty, John (Irish piper), 3 171 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 Beaudoin, Willie (Franco-American musician), 4 20 amt_0001_0004_0_00097 Beaudoin family, 4 20 amt_0001_0004_0_00097 Beaver Medicine songs, Blackfoot Indians, 1 77 amt_0001_0001_0_00019 Bedoka, Maurice, 1 66 amt_0001_0001_0_00017 Beecher, Lyman, 3 23 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 "Beer Barrel Polka" (square dance tune), 3 46 amt_0001_0003_0_00063 Belarsky, Sidor (Jewish composer), 4 102 amt_0001_0004_0_00111 Belasco, Lionel (calypso bandleader), 5 36 amt_0001_0005_0_00128 Belknap, William H. (dance band leader), 3 26 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 Belleville, New Jersey Italian community, 4 40 amt_0001_0004_0_00100 4 41 amt_0001_0004_0_00100 4 42 amt_0001_0004_0_00100 4 47-48 amt_0001_0004_0_00101 Bellin, Cletus (polka band leader), 4 68 amt_0001_0004_0_00104 Bells Cowbells brass bells, Chinese music, 5 84-85 amt_0001_0005_0_00135 metal hawks-bells (kayolim), 1 32 amt_0001_0001_0_00012 1 33 amt_0001_0001_0_00012 Beltrán, Alberto (Dominican singer), 5 27 amt_0001_0005_0_00126 Bembé ensembles (Santería ceremonies), 5 9 amt_0001_0005_0_00123 5 31 amt_0001_0005_0_00127 Bendes, István (Hungarian bandleader), 4 92 amt_0001_0004_0_00110 Beneby, Bruce (Bahamian bandleader), 5 34 amt_0001_0005_0_00127 Benegal, Shantha (Indian singer), 5 104 amt_0001_0005_0_00140 5 106 amt_0001_0005_0_00140 Benfield, Kenneth Lee (autoharpist), 3 124 amt_0001_0003_0_00075 3 126-127 amt_0001_0003_0_00075 Benfield, Neriah McCubbins (autoharpist), 3 125-127 amt_0001_0003_0_00075 Berlin, Maryland, 2 115 amt_0001_0002_0_00048 Berlin Liedertafel, 4 55 amt_0001_0004_0_00103 Bernal, Eloy (conjunto musician), 5 67 amt_0001_0005_0_00132 Bernal, Paulino (conjunto musician), 5 67 amt_0001_0005_0_00132 Bernard, "Uncle John" (fiddler), 3 33 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 Bernstein, Maury (musician and folklorist), 4 108 amt_0001_0004_0_00112 Bessemer, Alabama, 2 90 amt_0001_0002_0_00044 2 93-94 amt_0001_0002_0_00044 Bevel, James (civil rights songwriter), 2 113 amt_0001_0002_0_00047 Big-band Irish music, 3 167 amt_0001_0003_0_00083 "Big Bradley" (Irish song), 3 185 amt_0001_0003_0_00086 Big circle dance, O'odham kwariya vs., 1 38 amt_0001_0001_0_00013 Big Cove community, North Carolina, 1 15-18 amt_0001_0001_0_00009 Big D Jamboree (Western swing show), 3 158 amt_0001_0003_0_00081 Big Hollow Bluegrass Band, 3 148 amt_0001_0003_0_00079 Big Lucky (blues band), 2 62 amt_0001_0002_0_00040 "Bile Them Cabbage Down" (banjo song), 2 45 amt_0001_0002_0_00038 Billings, William, 3 75 amt_0001_0003_0_00068 Bill's Bohemian Band, 4 52 amt_0001_0004_0_00102 Bill's Pickin' Parlor. Bluegrass music at Bill's Pickin' Parlor "Billy in the Low Ground" (fiddle tune), 3 116 amt_0001_0003_0_00074 3 117 amt_0001_0003_0_00074 Bird, Annie (singer), 3 124 amt_0001_0003_0_00075 Birmingham, Alabama NA NA NA gospel quartets, 2 89-95 amt_0001_0002_0_00044 Heavenly Gospel Singers of Birmingham, 2 91 amt_0001_0002_0_00044 2 93 amt_0001_0002_0_00044 Negro Folk Song Festival, 2 90 amt_0001_0002_0_00044 Birmingham Quartet, "Southbound Train," 2 92 amt_0001_0002_0_00044 "Birthday Party" (steel pan music), 5 43 amt_0001_0005_0_00129 Bisbee, Jasper (fiddler), 3 33 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 Bissoon, Murat (dholak drum player), 5 47 amt_0001_0005_0_00129 "Black Annie" (banjo song), 2 6 amt_0001_0002_0_00033 "Black Bottom" (dance), 2 39 amt_0001_0002_0_00037 2 47 amt_0001_0002_0_00038 Black Boy, Reuben (Blackfoot singer), 1 73 amt_0001_0001_0_00019 Black Rose Society (bluegrass music), 3 146 amt_0001_0003_0_00079 Black Star Nation (Navajo singers), 1 44-45 amt_0001_0001_0_00014 "Black Velvet " (dance tune), 3 18 amt_0001_0003_0_00060 Blackfeet (recording), 1 74 amt_0001_0001_0_00019 Blackfeet Tribal Grass Dance (recording), 1 74 amt_0001_0001_0_00019 Blackfoot Indian music, 1 72-80 amt_0001_0001_0_00019 Beaver Medicine songs, 1 77 amt_0001_0001_0_00019 culture of Blackfoot, 1 75-77 amt_0001_0001_0_00019 drumming styles, 1 79 amt_0001_0001_0_00019 early vs. late twentieth century, 1 76 amt_0001_0001_0_00019 gambling songs, 1 78 amt_0001_0001_0_00019 genres, 1 76 amt_0001_0001_0_00019 instruments, 1 77 amt_0001_0001_0_00019 lullabies and love songs, 1 78 amt_0001_0001_0_00019 Medicine Pipe songs, 1 77 amt_0001_0001_0_00019 professional singing groups, 1 74 amt_0001_0001_0_00019 1 76 amt_0001_0001_0_00019 recording of music, 1 72-75 amt_0001_0001_0_00019 social dance songs, 1 78-79 amt_0001_0001_0_00019 song types, 1 77-79 amt_0001_0001_0_00019 style of music, 1 79-80 amt_0001_0001_0_00019 Sun Dance songs, 1 77 amt_0001_0001_0_00019 traditional war music, 1 78 amt_0001_0001_0_00019 Blackfoot Indians, 1 75-77 amt_0001_0001_0_00019 culture, 1 75-76 amt_0001_0001_0_00019 division into groups, 1 75 amt_0001_0001_0_00019 population, 1 75 amt_0001_0001_0_00019 Blackwood Brothers, 3 152 amt_0001_0003_0_00080 Blair, Thomas, 3 91 amt_0001_0003_0_00070 Blake, Blind (blues musician), 2 51 amt_0001_0002_0_00039 2 53 amt_0001_0002_0_00039 2 64 amt_0001_0002_0_00040 2 124 amt_0001_0002_0_00050 Blanchard, Clarence (clarinetist), 3 33 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 Bland, Bobby (blues musician), 2 61 amt_0001_0002_0_00040 Blauvelt, Bill (taiko drummer), 5 96-99 amt_0001_0005_0_00138 Blazonczyk, Eddie (polka musician), 4 63 amt_0001_0004_0_00104 Blue Danube Tamburitzans, 4 87 amt_0001_0004_0_00109 4 89 amt_0001_0004_0_00109 4 90 amt_0001_0004_0_00109 "Blue Goose Blues," 3 152 amt_0001_0003_0_00080 Blue Jay Singers of Birmingham (gospel quartet), 2 91 amt_0001_0002_0_00044 2 94 amt_0001_0002_0_00044 Blue notes, African American music, 2 37 amt_0001_0002_0_00037 Blue Ridge Mountain Grass (band), 3 139 amt_0001_0003_0_00077 Blue Ridge Mountain Singers, 3 130 amt_0001_0003_0_00075 "Blue Skirt Waltz" (polka), 4 62 amt_0001_0004_0_00104 Bluebirds (country band), 3 153-154 amt_0001_0003_0_00080 Bluegrass and old-time music on the Front Range, 3 145-149 amt_0001_0003_0_00079 characteristics of music, 3 145-146 amt_0001_0003_0_00079 documentary recordings, films, and other materials, 3 148-149 amt_0001_0003_0_00079 history, 3 146 amt_0001_0003_0_00079 3 148 amt_0001_0003_0_00079 locations, 3 147 (map) amt_0001_0003_0_00079 social organization, 3 146 amt_0001_0003_0_00079 Bluegrass Boys, 3 132 amt_0001_0003_0_00076 Bluegrass gospel music, 3 134-136 amt_0001_0003_0_00076 Bluegrass music, 3 132-137 amt_0001_0003_0_00076 Monroe, Bill (bluegrass musician) African American influence, 3 4 amt_0001_0003_0_00058 festivals, 3 136-137 amt_0001_0003_0_00076 3 146 amt_0001_0003_0_00079

geographic identity, 3 137 amt_0001_0003_0_00076 instruments, 3 133-136 amt_0001_0003_0_00076 3 146 amt_0001_0003_0_00079 location of performers, 3 137 (map) amt_0001_0003_0_00076 Margie Brewster, mother of bluegrass gospel, 3 134-136 amt_0001_0003_0_00076 minstrel show influence, 3 103 amt_0001_0003_0_00072 musical elements, 3 133 amt_0001_0003_0_00076 old-time music vs., 3 145-146 amt_0001_0003_0_00079 popular bands, 3 132 amt_0001_0003_0_00076 singing style, 3 146 amt_0001_0003_0_00079 sub-genres, 3 132-133 amt_0001_0003_0_00076 Bluegrass music at Bill's Pickin' Parlor, 3 138-141 amt_0001_0003_0_00077 audience for, 3 138-139 amt_0001_0003_0_00077 bluegrass compared with other types of music, 3 138-139 amt_0001_0003_0_00077 documentary recordings and films, 3 141 amt_0001_0003_0_00077 Friday night jam sessions, 3 139 amt_0001_0003_0_00077 non-bluegrass music at jam sessions, 3 139 amt_0001_0003_0_00077 open-mike night, 3 141 amt_0001_0003_0_00077 Saturday night concerts, 3 140 amt_0001_0003_0_00077 social makeup of participants, 3 140-141 amt_0001_0003_0_00077 songs and tunes, 3 139 amt_0001_0003_0_00077 video library, 3 141 amt_0001_0003_0_00077 women musicians, 3 141 amt_0001_0003_0_00077 Bluegrass music in Minnesota, 3 142-144 amt_0001_0003_0_00078 documentary recordings and other materials, 3 143-144 amt_0001_0003_0_00078 history, 3 143 amt_0001_0003_0_00078 Norwegian language setting of songs, 3 143 amt_0001_0003_0_00078 style of playing, 3 142-143 amt_0001_0003_0_00078 Blues Busters (blues band), 2 62 amt_0001_0002_0_00040 Blues Heaven Foundation, 2 70-71 amt_0001_0002_0_00041 Blues music, 2 52-54 amt_0001_0002_0_00039 characteristics, 2 52 amt_0001_0002_0_00039 composition, 2 52 amt_0001_0002_0_00039 country house party as setting for, 2 54-56 amt_0001_0002_0_00039 declines and revivals, 2 54 amt_0001_0002_0_00039 fiddle and banjo string band influence, 2 49 amt_0001_0002_0_00039 2 51 amt_0001_0002_0_00039 geographic extent, 2 50 amt_0001_0002_0_00039 2 53-54 amt_0001_0002_0_00039 gospel influence on, 2 59 amt_0001_0002_0_00040 guitar style, 2 51-52 amt_0001_0002_0_00039 2 61 amt_0001_0002_0_00040 2 126 amt_0001_0002_0_00050 performers, 2 53-54 amt_0001_0002_0_00039 2 63-66 amt_0001_0002_0_00040 2 70-72 amt_0001_0002_0_00041 Piedmont blues, 2 49-57 amt_0001_0002_0_00039 ragtime influence, 2 51 amt_0001_0002_0_00039 spirituals vs., 2 69 amt_0001_0002_0_00041 stanzas, 2 52 amt_0001_0002_0_00039 Tate and Panola Counties, Mississippi, 2 34 amt_0001_0002_0_00037 Tennessee blues performers and traditions, 2 59-62 amt_0001_0002_0_00040 tension between church and, 2 56-57 amt_0001_0002_0_00039 urban evolution of, 2 117 amt_0001_0002_0_00048 vocal style, 2 52 amt_0001_0002_0_00039 Western swing influenced by, 3 157 amt_0001_0003_0_00081 Willie Dixon and wisdom of the blues, 2 68-75 amt_0001_0002_0_00041 Boats, chantey tradition related to, 2 15-16 amt_0001_0002_0_00034 Bodhrán, Irish traditional music, 3 165 amt_0001_0003_0_00083 Bog Trotter Band, 3 97-99 amt_0001_0003_0_00071 3 129 amt_0001_0003_0_00075 Bogan, Ted (blues musician), 2 124 amt_0001_0002_0_00050 Bohemians, 4 77 amt_0001_0004_0_00107 Boivin, John (fiddler), 3 32 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 "The Bold Soldier" (ballad), 3 8 amt_0001_0003_0_00059 Bolden community ("Briar Patch"), Georgia, 2 76 amt_0001_0002_0_00042 2 80 amt_0001_0002_0_00042 Bolero NA NA NA Cuban music, 5 16 amt_0001_0005_0_00124 Puerto Rican music in Hawai'i, 5 86 amt_0001_0005_0_00135 Bomba: Dancing the Drum (documentary), 5 24 amt_0001_0005_0_00125 Bomba (Puerto Rican musical style), 5 22-23 amt_0001_0005_0_00125 Bon-odori. Japanese bon-odori Bongo drums, 5 15 amt_0001_0005_0_00124 Bonier, Mary Louise, 4 16 amt_0001_0004_0_00096 La Bonne Chanson (collection of Québécois chansons), 4 29 amt_0001_0004_0_00098 Boogie-woogie ("Dudlow" style), 2 69 amt_0001_0002_0_00041 Booker, Tony (gospel singer), 2 99 amt_0001_0002_0_00045 "Booster Blues," 2 71 amt_0001_0002_0_00041 Boston, Massachusetts. Cape Breton music in Boston, Massachusetts "The Boston Burglar" (ballad), 3 8 amt_0001_0003_0_00059 "Boston Fancy" (square dance tune), 3 17 amt_0001_0003_0_00060 3 18 amt_0001_0003_0_00060 Bothy Band (Irish traditional band), 3 164 amt_0001_0003_0_00083 3 182 amt_0001_0003_0_00085 Bottleneck (slide) guitar style, 2 35 amt_0001_0002_0_00037 2 36 amt_0001_0002_0_00037 2 40-41 amt_0001_0002_0_00037 Boudinot, Elias (editor of Cherokee Phoenix), 1 68 amt_0001_0001_0_00018 Boudreau, Edmond (guitarist), 3 43 amt_0001_0003_0_00062 Bouzouki, Irish traditional music, 3 165 amt_0001_0003_0_00083 Bow diddley, 2 39-41 amt_0001_0002_0_00037 Bowers, Bryan (autoharpist), 3 130 amt_0001_0003_0_00075 Bowles, Leonard, 2 45 amt_0001_0002_0_00038 Bowman, Charlie (fiddler), 3 112 amt_0001_0003_0_00073 Bows, ceremonial, Pawnee Doctor Cults, 1 56 amt_0001_0001_0_00016 Bowyer, Brendan, and the Royal Showband, 3 167 amt_0001_0003_0_00083 Boy, Calvin (Blackfoot singer), 1 73 amt_0001_0001_0_00019 Boyce, R. L. (African American drummer), 2 39-40 amt_0001_0002_0_00037 Boyd, Colin J. (fiddler), 3 34 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 Boyd, Wesley (gospel singer), 2 99 amt_0001_0002_0_00045 Boyle, Mike (Irish fiddler), 3 174 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 Boys of the Lough (Irish traditional band), 3 164 amt_0001_0003_0_00083 Brandwein, Naftule (klezmer musician), 4 103 amt_0001_0004_0_00111 Brandywine Mountain Music Convention, 3 128 amt_0001_0003_0_00075 Brass bands NA NA NA adopted by Native Americans, 1 110 amt_0001_0001_0_00023 African American worship services, 2 98-99 amt_0001_0002_0_00045 Czech, 4 79-80 amt_0001_0004_0_00107 German, 4 59 amt_0001_0004_0_00103 Hungarian, 4 92 amt_0001_0004_0_00110 Brasseaux, Carl, 4 32 amt_0001_0004_0_00099 Los Bravos del Norte (conjunto group), 5 67 amt_0001_0005_0_00132 Brazilian samba in Newark, 5 44-45 amt_0001_0005_0_00129 5 46 (map) amt_0001_0005_0_00129 Brazos Valley Boys (Western swing band), 3 158 amt_0001_0003_0_00081 Break dancing (breaking), 2 117 amt_0001_0002_0_00048 2 119 amt_0001_0002_0_00049 2 121 amt_0001_0002_0_00049 Breakdowns (African American community parties), 2 55 amt_0001_0002_0_00039 Bresnahan, Jim (Irish accordionist), 3 173 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 Brewer, Edna, 3 90 amt_0001_0003_0_00070 Brewer, Kahle (fiddler), 3 88 amt_0001_0003_0_00070 3 92-93 amt_0001_0003_0_00070 Brewster, Margie (bluegrass gospel singer), 3 134-136 amt_0001_0003_0_00076 Brewster, Dr. William (gospel songwriter), 2 65-66 amt_0001_0002_0_00040 "Briar Patch" (Bolden community), Georgia, 2 76 amt_0001_0002_0_00042 2 80 amt_0001_0002_0_00042 Bridges, Charles (gospel quartet master), 2 90 amt_0001_0002_0_00044 "Bright-eyed Etta Lee" (ballad), 3 15-16 amt_0001_0003_0_00060 Brighton Beach Memoirs (New York Klezmer Ensemble), 4 105 amt_0001_0004_0_00111 British Isles music NA NA NA Adam Manly Reece: banjo player, 3 87-93 amt_0001_0003_0_00070 autoharp in old-time Southern music, 3 122-131 amt_0001_0003_0_00075 ballad singing in Madison County, North Carolina, 3 66-69 amt_0001_0003_0_00067 ballads and folk songs in Vermont, 3 6-12 amt_0001_0003_0_00059 bibliography, discography, and videography, 3 188-192 amt_0001_0003_0_00087 bluegrass and old-time on the Front Range, 3 145-149 amt_0001_0003_0_00079 bluegrass music at Bill's Pickin' Parlor, 3 138-141 amt_0001_0003_0_00077 bluegrass music in Minnesota, 3 142-144 amt_0001_0003_0_00078 bluegrass origins and performers, 3 132-137 amt_0001_0003_0_00076 Cape Breton music in Boston, 3 39-43 amt_0001_0003_0_00062

country music in Tennessee, 3 101-107 amt_0001_0003_0_00072 documentation by fieldworkers, 3 5 amt_0001_0003_0_00058 early Shaker spirituals, 3 50-55 amt_0001_0003_0_00064 fiddling in New England, 3 22-37 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 introduction, 3 1-5 amt_0001_0003_0_00058 Irish music from Cleveland, 3 177-183 amt_0001_0003_0_00085 Irish traditional and popular music in the United States, 3 163-168 amt_0001_0003_0_00083 Irish traditional music in Chicago, 3 170-175 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 Irish traditions of Beaver Island, Michigan, 3 184-187 amt_0001_0003_0_00086 music of the Ark-La-Tex, 3 150-153 amt_0001_0003_0_00080 1991 revision of the Sacred Harp, 3 71-82 amt_0001_0003_0_00068 Okefenokee region of Georgia and Florida, 3 83-86 amt_0001_0003_0_00069 Old Regular Baptists of Central Appalachia, 3 57-60 amt_0001_0003_0_00065 old-time dance fiddling in the Northwest, 3 160-162 amt_0001_0003_0_00082 old-time fiddling in Alabama, 3 115-121 amt_0001_0003_0_00074 old-time string band music from Georgia, 3 108-114 amt_0001_0003_0_00073 Pittsburg, New Hampshire, 3 13-20 amt_0001_0003_0_00060 Primitive Baptist singing in Southern Appalachians, 3 61-65 amt_0001_0003_0_00066 recording industry effects, 3 4-5 amt_0001_0003_0_00058 square dance in Western New York State, 3 44-49 amt_0001_0003_0_00063 Uncle Wade Ward, old-time banjo picker, 3 94-99 amt_0001_0003_0_00071 Western swing, 3 155-159 amt_0001_0003_0_00081 Brittain, Dan (hymn composer), 3 75 amt_0001_0003_0_00068 Broaders, Pat (Irish guitarist), 3 175 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 Broadsheets and broadsides NA NA NA broadside ballads, 3 8-9 amt_0001_0003_0_00059 dissemination of British Isles music, 3 4 amt_0001_0003_0_00058 Brooke, Richard N. (artist), 2 43 amt_0001_0002_0_00038 2 44 amt_0001_0002_0_00038 Brooklyn, New York NA NA NA Calabrian community, 4 40 amt_0001_0004_0_00100 4 41 amt_0001_0004_0_00100 4 47-48 amt_0001_0004_0_00101 Trinidadian carnival, 5 39-40 amt_0001_0005_0_00128 Brooks, Reverend Conrad (gospel singer), 2 99 amt_0001_0002_0_00045 Broonzy, Bill (blues singer), 2 111 amt_0001_0002_0_00047 2 124 amt_0001_0002_0_00050 Brouchard, Marvin (band leader), 4 68 amt_0001_0004_0_00104 Brown, Bob (ethnomusicologist), 5 113 amt_0001_0005_0_00141 Brown, Castanus (fiddler), 3 30 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 Brown, Dave (fiddler), 3 145 amt_0001_0003_0_00079 Brown, Gillespie (caller), 3 187 amt_0001_0003_0_00086 Brown, James (soul singer), 2 54 amt_0001_0002_0_00039 Brown, Jim Ed (country singer), 3 153 amt_0001_0003_0_00080 Brown, Joe ("Black Joe," fiddler), 3 24 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 Brown, Milton (Western swing founder), 3 153 amt_0001_0003_0_00080 3 156 amt_0001_0003_0_00081 Brownlow, Parson, 3 101 amt_0001_0003_0_00072 Bruce, Carl (Swedish singer/performer), 4 110 amt_0001_0004_0_00112 Bruce, Neely (hymn composer), 3 75 amt_0001_0003_0_00068 3 80 amt_0001_0003_0_00068 Bruen Street, Newark, New Jersey, 5 44 amt_0001_0005_0_00129 5 46 (map) amt_0001_0005_0_00129 Buck dancing, 2 47 amt_0001_0002_0_00038 2 55 amt_0001_0002_0_00039 2 83 amt_0001_0002_0_00042 Buck Mountain Band, 3 96-97 amt_0001_0003_0_00071 "Buck Wheat Batter" (dance tune), 3 18 amt_0001_0003_0_00060 Buckeye community in Cleveland, Ohio, 4 91-93 amt_0001_0004_0_00110 "Budded Roses" (autoharp tune), 3 128 amt_0001_0003_0_00075 Buddhism, Japanese-Hawaiians, 5 81 amt_0001_0005_0_00135 Budvarka (Czech music group), 4 68 amt_0001_0004_0_00104 Buffalo, New York Calabrian community, 4 40 amt_0001_0004_0_00100 4 41 amt_0001_0004_0_00100 Buford, Jimmie (African American drummer), 2 39-40 amt_0001_0002_0_00037 Buleadores (Puerto Rican drums), 5 22 amt_0001_0005_0_00125 Bull, Chief (Blackfoot), 1 64 amt_0001_0001_0_00017 1 73 amt_0001_0001_0_00019 "Bully of the Town" (African American ballad), 2 47 amt_0001_0002_0_00038 "Bumping Boys" (blues song), 2 73 amt_0001_0002_0_00041 Burgess, Sister Marie, 3 53 amt_0001_0003_0_00064 Burke, Charles H., 1 64 amt_0001_0001_0_00017 Burke, Frank (Irish fiddler), 3 174 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 Burke, Pat (Irish fiddler), 3 174 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 Burnett, Smiley (country musician), 3 113 amt_0001_0003_0_00073 Burnett and Higgins's dance band, 3 26 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 3 27 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 Burton, James (guitarist), 3 153 amt_0001_0003_0_00080 Butterfield, Paul (blues musician), 1 115 amt_0001_0001_0_00023 2 54 amt_0001_0002_0_00039 2 127 amt_0001_0002_0_00050 Button accordions NA NA NA Don Lipovac and the button accordion, 4 86-90 amt_0001_0004_0_00109 French Canadian music, 4 23 amt_0001_0004_0_00097 Irish traditional music, 3 165 amt_0001_0003_0_00083 merengue music, 5 8 amt_0001_0005_0_00123 5 27 amt_0001_0005_0_00126 polka bands, 4 71 amt_0001_0004_0_00105 polka music, 4 61-62 amt_0001_0004_0_00104 Texas-Mexican conjunto music, 5 63 amt_0001_0005_0_00132 Buttry, Captain Joe, 2 17 amt_0001_0002_0_00034 BWIA Sonatas (steel pan band), 5 39 amt_0001_0005_0_00128 Bygdedans tradition, 4 113 amt_0001_0004_0_00113 4 115 amt_0001_0004_0_00113 Byrne, David (samba musician), 5 45 amt_0001_0005_0_00129 Byrne, Martin (Irish accordionist), 3 174 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 Byrne, Tom (Irish flutist), 3 181 amt_0001_0003_0_00085 3 182 amt_0001_0003_0_00085

C

"Cachita" (Puerto Rican song), 5 19 amt_0001_0005_0_00125 Cadar, Usopay (kulintang musician), 5 120 amt_0001_0005_0_00142 5 121 amt_0001_0005_0_00142 Caddo tribe NA NA NA Turkey Dance, 1 9 amt_0001_0001_0_00008 women's role in dancing, 1 9 amt_0001_0001_0_00008 La Cadena (traditional Hispanic dance), 5 52 amt_0001_0005_0_00130 Southeastern Native American music Cady, Cassie (pianist), 3 33 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 Cady, Linn (drummer), 3 33 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 Caffey, Henry (railroad work chant caller), 2 26 amt_0001_0002_0_00036 2 28 amt_0001_0002_0_00036 "Cage the Bird" (fiddle tune), 3 119-120 amt_0001_0003_0_00074 Cahill, James (Irish musician), 3 171 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 3 175 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 Caixa (snare drum), samba music, 5 44 amt_0001_0005_0_00129 Cajun Country (Edwards and Pitre), 4 32 amt_0001_0004_0_00099 Cajun dances, Native American fiddlers, 1 11 amt_0001_0001_0_00008 Cajun music, 4 31-38 amt_0001_0004_0_00099 Americanization, 4 33 amt_0001_0004_0_00099 continuing evolution, 4 35-36 amt_0001_0004_0_00099 cultural blending of styles, 4 1-2 amt_0001_0004_0_00094 4 9 amt_0001_0004_0_00095 funding for schools and concerts, 4 33-35 amt_0001_0004_0_00099 growth in interest, 4 33-35 amt_0001_0004_0_00099 origins, 4 32-33 amt_0001_0004_0_00099 rhythmic patterns, 4 32 amt_0001_0004_0_00099 social life related to, 4 37-38 amt_0001_0004_0_00099 songs, 4 36-37 amt_0001_0004_0_00099 tunes, 4 37 amt_0001_0004_0_00099 zydeco music, 4 12-13 amt_0001_0004_0_00095 4 32 amt_0001_0004_0_00099 4 34-35 amt_0001_0004_0_00099 Calabrian music, 4 40-43 amt_0001_0004_0_00100 French Canadian entries history, 4 40-42 amt_0001_0004_0_00100 4 46-48 amt_0001_0004_0_00101 instrumental music, 4 42-43 amt_0001_0004_0_00100 map of region, NA 42 (map) NM vocal music, 4 43 amt_0001_0004_0_00100 "The Calais Disaster" (ballad), 3 9 amt_0001_0003_0_00059 Caldera and the Moderneres (Trinidad band), 5 38 amt_0001_0005_0_00128 Calhoun, Lawrence (Cherokee musician), 1 16 amt_0001_0001_0_00009 Calhoun, Morgan (Cherokee musician), 1 16 amt_0001_0001_0_00009 Calhoun, Walker (Cherokee musician), 1 15-18 amt_0001_0001_0_00009 awards, 1 17 amt_0001_0001_0_00009 banjo and guitar playing, 1 16-17 amt_0001_0001_0_00009 preservation of Cherokee culture and customs, 1 17-18 amt_0001_0001_0_00009 singing and dancing, 1 17 amt_0001_0001_0_00009

California, Japanese American music in, 5 88-92 amt_0001_0005_0_00136 Call-and-response songs NA NA NA African American chantey tradition, 2 14-16 amt_0001_0002_0_00034 African American music, 2 37 amt_0001_0002_0_00037 2 108 amt_0001_0002_0_00047 calypso music, 5 36 amt_0001_0005_0_00128 Cape Verdean American batuko music, 2 22 amt_0001_0002_0_00035 chansons à repondre, 4 17 amt_0001_0004_0_00096 4 22 amt_0001_0004_0_00097 Cuban son, 5 16 amt_0001_0005_0_00124 garba circle dance, 5 102 amt_0001_0005_0_00139 gospel music, 2 96 amt_0001_0002_0_00045 2 102 amt_0001_0002_0_00046 Native American songs, 1 4 amt_0001_0001_0_00007 Old Regular Baptist hymns, 3 58 amt_0001_0003_0_00065 Orisha religion, 5 31 amt_0001_0005_0_00127 5 32 amt_0001_0005_0_00127 Primitive Baptist hymns, 3 63 amt_0001_0003_0_00066 Puerto Rican plena songs, 5 9 amt_0001_0005_0_00123 railroad work chants, 2 25-27 amt_0001_0002_0_00036 Seneca people, 1 21-22 amt_0001_0001_0_00010 slave shout songs, 2 76 amt_0001_0002_0_00042 2 78 amt_0001_0002_0_00042 southeastern Native Americans, 1 10 amt_0001_0001_0_00008 1 12-13 amt_0001_0001_0_00008 Vodou religion, 5 10 amt_0001_0005_0_00123 Callers NA NA NA black railroad section gangs, 2 24-27 amt_0001_0002_0_00036 quadrilles, 4 17 amt_0001_0004_0_00096 4 22 amt_0001_0004_0_00097 square dances and dancing, 3 41 amt_0001_0003_0_00062 3 45-48 amt_0001_0003_0_00063 Calumet (Peace Pipe) Ceremony, Pawnee people, 1 53-54 amt_0001_0001_0_00016 Calypso music NA NA NA early calypso in Trinidad and New York, 5 36-37 amt_0001_0005_0_00128 popularity in New York City, 5 7 amt_0001_0005_0_00123 Cambodia, 5 123-126 amt_0001_0005_0_00143 destruction by Khmer Rouge, 5 118 amt_0001_0005_0_00142 5 124-125 amt_0001_0005_0_00143 free reed horns and pipes, 5 128 amt_0001_0005_0_00144 history of civilization in Cambodia, 5 123-124 amt_0001_0005_0_00143 immigration of refugees, 5 119 amt_0001_0005_0_00142 5 125 amt_0001_0005_0_00143 mohori and pinpeat ensembles, 5 128 amt_0001_0005_0_00144 Cambodian classical dance, 5 117-119 amt_0001_0005_0_00142 apsara dancers, 5 118 amt_0001_0005_0_00142 5 124 amt_0001_0005_0_00143 Khmer Rouge and, 5 118 amt_0001_0005_0_00142 origins, 5 123 amt_0001_0005_0_00143 problems of popularized version, 5 119 amt_0001_0005_0_00142 resurrection in refugee camps, 5 118 amt_0001_0005_0_00142 sacred aspects, 5 124 amt_0001_0005_0_00143 symbolic and religious value, 5 123 amt_0001_0005_0_00143 Cambodian culture and community in America, 5 123-126 amt_0001_0005_0_00143 dance groups, 5 126 amt_0001_0005_0_00143 immigration of refugees, 5 125 amt_0001_0005_0_00143 lack of artists and training, 5 125-126 amt_0001_0005_0_00143 Maine community of Cambodians, 5 126 amt_0001_0005_0_00143 recordings of popular music, 5 130 amt_0001_0005_0_00144 Cambodian Network Council, 5 117 amt_0001_0005_0_00142 La Camila (dance), 5 61 amt_0001_0005_0_00131 Campa, Arthur, 5 60 amt_0001_0005_0_00131 Campbell, Catherine (shout performer), 2 76 amt_0001_0002_0_00042 Campbell, Elizabeth (gospel songwriter), 2 116 amt_0001_0002_0_00048 Campbell, John (fiddler), 3 42 amt_0001_0003_0_00062 3 43 amt_0001_0003_0_00062 Campbell, Lucie (gospel songwriter), 2 65 amt_0001_0002_0_00040 Los Camperos de Nati Cano (mariachi band), 5 70 amt_0001_0005_0_00133 5 73 amt_0001_0005_0_00134 Los Campesinos de Michoacan (mariachi band), 5 71 amt_0001_0005_0_00133 Canadian American Club, Watertown, Mass., 3 36 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 3 41-42 amt_0001_0003_0_00062 3 42 amt_0001_0003_0_00062 Canadian influence, Northwestern old-time dance fiddling, 3 160-162 amt_0001_0003_0_00082 "Un Canadienne errant" (song), 4 21 amt_0001_0004_0_00097 Canción ranchera NA NA NA mariachi music, 5 69 amt_0001_0005_0_00133 Texas-Mexican conjunto music, 5 67 amt_0001_0005_0_00132 Cancións NA NA NA nueva canción, 5 62 amt_0001_0005_0_00131 Rio Grande del Norte, 5 60 amt_0001_0005_0_00131 Texas-Mexican conjunto music, 5 67 amt_0001_0005_0_00132 Cane NA NA NA fifes made from, 2 36 amt_0001_0002_0_00037 quills made from, 2 34 amt_0001_0002_0_00037 Canners, John (Irish piper), 3 171 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 Cannon, Gus NA NA NA Jug Stompers band, 2 60 amt_0001_0002_0_00040 recordings, 2 61 amt_0001_0002_0_00040 Cano, Natividad "Nati" (mariachi musician), 5 69-70 amt_0001_0005_0_00133 Cans, as rattles, 1 12 amt_0001_0001_0_00008 1 109 amt_0001_0001_0_00023 Cantonese opera NA NA NA Cantonese vs. Peking opera groups in New York City, 5 148-150 amt_0001_0005_0_00148 Hawai'i, 5 83-85 amt_0001_0005_0_00135 sing si (lion dance), 5 83 amt_0001_0005_0_00135 5 84 amt_0001_0005_0_00135 Cape Breton Island Gaelic Foundation, 3 42 amt_0001_0003_0_00062 Chinese opera Cape Breton music in Boston, Massachusetts, 3 39-43 amt_0001_0003_0_00062 clubs for dancing and concerts, 3 36 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 documentary recordings, 3 43 amt_0001_0003_0_00062 emigration of Cape Bretoners to Boston, 3 39-40 amt_0001_0003_0_00062 history and demographics of Cape Breton, 3 40 amt_0001_0003_0_00062 recordings, 3 34 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 Scottish derivation, 3 40-41 amt_0001_0003_0_00062 Scottish immigrants in Cape Breton, 3 29 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 types of dance music, 3 40-41 amt_0001_0003_0_00062 Cape Verdean American music, 2 19-23 amt_0001_0002_0_00035 batuko dance music, 2 20 amt_0001_0002_0_00035 2 22 amt_0001_0002_0_00035 coladera music and dance, 2 19-21 amt_0001_0002_0_00035 documentary recordings and films, 2 23 amt_0001_0002_0_00035 European dance forms, 2 21 amt_0001_0002_0_00035 funana dance music, 2 20 amt_0001_0002_0_00035 2 22 amt_0001_0002_0_00035 history, 2 19-20 amt_0001_0002_0_00035 immigration from Africa, 2 20 (map) amt_0001_0002_0_00035 instruments, 2 21 amt_0001_0002_0_00035 morna music and dance, 2 19-22 amt_0001_0002_0_00035 music and dance traditions, 2 20-22 amt_0001_0002_0_00035 rules and traditions, 2 22 amt_0001_0002_0_00035 social dances, 2 22-23 amt_0001_0002_0_00035 torno dance, 2 22 amt_0001_0002_0_00035 zouk dance music, 2 20 amt_0001_0002_0_00035 Capi, Francisco (mariachi musician), 5 71 amt_0001_0005_0_00133 Caraballo, Reynolds "Caldera" (steel pan musician), 5 38 amt_0001_0005_0_00128 Carambû (Puerto Rican ensemble), 5 21 amt_0001_0005_0_00125 5 23 amt_0001_0005_0_00125 "Caravan" (Latin jazz song), 5 19 amt_0001_0005_0_00125 Cardona, Milton (Cuban musician), 5 16 amt_0001_0005_0_00124 Caribbean music NA NA NA Cuban music in New York City, 5 12-17 amt_0001_0005_0_00124 Dominican music in New York City, 5 26-29 amt_0001_0005_0_00126 Hispanic islands, 5 3 (map) amt_0001_0005_0_00122 New York City, 5 7-11 amt_0001_0005_0_00123 percussion traditions in Miami, 5 30-35 amt_0001_0005_0_00127 Puerto Rican music in New York City, 5 18-25 amt_0001_0005_0_00125 Trinidadian music in New York City, 5 36-41 amt_0001_0005_0_00128 Trinidadian percussion traditions in Miami, 5 42-48 amt_0001_0005_0_00129 Caribbean music in New York City, 5 7-11 amt_0001_0005_0_00123 competition among groups, 5 11 amt_0001_0005_0_00123 folk and sacred traditions, 5 9-10 amt_0001_0005_0_00123 musical style and social identity, 5 10-11 amt_0001_0005_0_00123 popular music, 5 7-8 amt_0001_0005_0_00123 Caribbean percussion traditions in Miami, 5 30-35 amt_0001_0005_0_00127 Bahamian percussion, 5 34-35 amt_0001_0005_0_00127 Cuban percussion, 5 30-33 amt_0001_0005_0_00127

Haitian percussion, 5 33-34 amt_0001_0005_0_00127 Caribbean Serenaders (calypso band), 5 36 amt_0001_0005_0_00128 Carlson, Leona (Swedish singer/accordionist), 4 110 amt_0001_0004_0_00112 Carmer, Carl, 3 77 amt_0001_0003_0_00068 Carnes, Jim (hymn composer), 3 75 amt_0001_0003_0_00068 Carnival, Trinidadian NA NA NA international circuit, 5 40-41 amt_0001_0005_0_00128 Miami, 5 44 amt_0001_0005_0_00129 New York City, 5 38-40 amt_0001_0005_0_00128 Carolan, Nicholas, 3 29 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 3 170 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 3 171 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 3 175 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 Carpenter, Emma (square dancer), 3 33 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 Carpenter, Lewis (fiddler), 3 33 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 Carpentier, Marcel (singer/guitarist), 4 16 amt_0001_0004_0_00096 Carr, Sister Frances, 3 53 amt_0001_0003_0_00064 Carr, Leroy (blues musician), 2 61 amt_0001_0002_0_00040 "El Carrito Paseado" (relación), 5 59-60 amt_0001_0005_0_00131 Carroll, Liz (Irish fiddler), 3 175 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 3 172 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 Carroll County Ramblers (country string band), 3 114 amt_0001_0003_0_00073 Carson, John (fiddler), 3 113 amt_0001_0003_0_00073 Carter, A. P., 3 133 amt_0001_0003_0_00076 3 139 amt_0001_0003_0_00077 Carter, Maybelle (autoharpist), 3 130 amt_0001_0003_0_00075 Carter Family, 3 128 amt_0001_0003_0_00075 3 129 amt_0001_0003_0_00075 Carter Sisters, 3 130 amt_0001_0003_0_00075 Cascio, Calogero, 4 48 amt_0001_0004_0_00101 Cash, Johnny (country singer), 2 66 amt_0001_0002_0_00040 3 106 amt_0001_0003_0_00072 3 153 amt_0001_0003_0_00080 Cashin, Francis (Irish fiddler), 3 173 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 Cashin, Michael (Irish fiddler), 3 173 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 Casimir, Miguel (Haitian drummer), 5 34 amt_0001_0005_0_00127 Caston, "Baby Doo" (pianist), 2 72-73 amt_0001_0002_0_00041 CASYM Steel Orchestra, 5 39 amt_0001_0005_0_00128 Cavaquinho (guitar), Cape Verdean Americans, 2 21 amt_0001_0002_0_00035 Cavazos, Lolo (conjunto musician), 5 65 amt_0001_0005_0_00132 Cavelier, René-Robert, Sieur de La Salle, 4 8 amt_0001_0004_0_00095 Cawley, Tom (Irish fiddler), 3 173 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 Ceidlih band, 3 180 amt_0001_0003_0_00085 Ceilis (Irish group folk dances), 3 164 amt_0001_0003_0_00083 3 173 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 Celtic music. Irish-American traditional music Celtic rock, 3 167 amt_0001_0003_0_00083 3 168 amt_0001_0003_0_00083 Celts NA NA NA intermarriage with Chippewa/Cree, 1 83 amt_0001_0001_0_00020 maritime work songs, 2 15 amt_0001_0002_0_00034 Cephas, "Bowling Green John" (blues musician), 2 51-52 amt_0001_0002_0_00039 2 54-57 amt_0001_0002_0_00039 "Certainly, Lord" (spiritual), 2 108 amt_0001_0002_0_00047 Cha-cha-cha style, in Cuban music, 5 16 amt_0001_0005_0_00124 Chagy, Berele (Jewish cantor), 4 103 amt_0001_0004_0_00111 Chain, Hazel, 3 134 amt_0001_0003_0_00076 Chairetakis, Anna L., 4 41 amt_0001_0004_0_00100 Chamberlain, Nick (Maine guitarist), 4 28 amt_0001_0004_0_00098 Chandler, Dillard (ballad singer), 3 67 amt_0001_0003_0_00067 3 69 amt_0001_0003_0_00067 Chandler, Inez (ballad singer), 3 67 amt_0001_0003_0_00067 Chandler, Lloyd (ballad singer), 3 67 amt_0001_0003_0_00067 Changuitos Feos (Ugly Monkeys, mariachi band), 5 74 amt_0001_0005_0_00134 Chansons, Québécois, 4 29 amt_0001_0004_0_00098 Chansons à repondre, 4 17 amt_0001_0004_0_00096 4 22 amt_0001_0004_0_00097 Chantey tradition of menhaden fishery, 2 14-18 amt_0001_0002_0_00034 call-and-response pattern, 2 14-16 amt_0001_0002_0_00034 Core Sound crews, 2 17 amt_0001_0002_0_00034 history of work chant tradition, 2 15-16 amt_0001_0002_0_00034 purpose of songs, 2 14 amt_0001_0002_0_00034 text of songs, 2 14 amt_0001_0002_0_00034 Chappell, Leon (country musician), 3 152 amt_0001_0003_0_00080 Chapuseaux, Negrito (Dominican bandleader), 5 27 amt_0001_0005_0_00126 Charters, Samuel, 2 49 amt_0001_0002_0_00039 Chatman, Peter ("Memphis Slim"), 2 61 amt_0001_0002_0_00040 2 111 amt_0001_0002_0_00047 Chavis, Wilson "Boozoo" (zydeco accordionist), 4 34-35 amt_0001_0004_0_00099 Chelkona dance, O'odham people, 1 37 amt_0001_0001_0_00013 Chenier, Clifton, 4 35 amt_0001_0004_0_00099 Cherish the Ladies (Irish band), 3 165 amt_0001_0003_0_00083 "Cherokee Fiddle" (song), 1 11 amt_0001_0001_0_00008 Cherokee Nation, 1 68-70 amt_0001_0001_0_00018 acculturation of, 1 15-16 amt_0001_0001_0_00009 Christian shape-note singing, 1 13 amt_0001_0001_0_00008 Eastern, 1 15-18 amt_0001_0001_0_00009 forms of hymns, 1 69 amt_0001_0001_0_00018 hymn books, 1 68-69 amt_0001_0001_0_00018 hymn cycles, 1 3 amt_0001_0001_0_00007 hymn singing, 1 69-70 amt_0001_0001_0_00018 syllabary for Cherokee language, 1 68 amt_0001_0001_0_00018 Cherokee Phoenix (newspaper), 1 68 amt_0001_0001_0_00018 Cherokee Stomp Dance, Seneca people, 1 24 amt_0001_0001_0_00010 Cherry, Reverend Thomas (gospel singer), 2 98 amt_0001_0002_0_00045 Cheshire Republican (newspaper), 3 27 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 Chesser, Harry, 3 85 amt_0001_0003_0_00069 Chesser family, Sacred Harp singing, 3 85 amt_0001_0003_0_00069 Cheyenne people NA NA NA Indian fair, 1 63 amt_0001_0001_0_00017 1 65 amt_0001_0001_0_00017 powwow, early 1900s, 1 60-61 amt_0001_0001_0_00017 Chiang, Alpha (Chinese musician), 5 154 amt_0001_0005_0_00149 Chicago, Illinois NA NA NA center of influence for polka music, 4 62-63 amt_0001_0004_0_00104 Irish traditional music, 3 170-175 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 Polish Górale music in Chicago, 4 72-76 amt_0001_0004_0_00106 Sacred Harp singing, 3 79 amt_0001_0003_0_00068 Swedish immigrants in, 4 107 amt_0001_0004_0_00112 Chicago blues, 2 124-127 amt_0001_0002_0_00050 clubs during 1950s, 2 125 (map) amt_0001_0002_0_00050 1920s and Depression era, 2 53 amt_0001_0002_0_00039 2 124 amt_0001_0002_0_00050 performers, 2 124 amt_0001_0002_0_00050 2 126-127 amt_0001_0002_0_00050 record companies, 2 126 amt_0001_0002_0_00050 2 127 amt_0001_0002_0_00050 rival of blues, 2 126-127 amt_0001_0002_0_00050 Robert Jr. Lockwood and, 2 65 amt_0001_0002_0_00040 Chicago Defender (newspaper), 2 124 amt_0001_0002_0_00050 Chicago Irish Music Club, 3 171 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 Chicken dance, Seneca people, 1 23-24 amt_0001_0001_0_00010 Chicken Scratch (waila) music, 1 38 amt_0001_0001_0_00013 1 112 amt_0001_0001_0_00023 Chieftains (Irish traditional band), 3 164 amt_0001_0003_0_00083 Child, Francis James, ballads compiled by, 3 7 amt_0001_0003_0_00059 Chimenti, Annunziato, 4 47 amt_0001_0004_0_00101 "China Night" for Lincoln Center's Community Holiday Festival, 5 159 amt_0001_0005_0_00149 Chinatown Summer Outdoor Festival, 5 159 amt_0001_0005_0_00149 Chinese American Arts Council (CAAC), 5 159-160 amt_0001_0005_0_00149 Chinese American music making in cultural displacement, 5 154-163 amt_0001_0005_0_00149 cultural exchanges with homelands, 5 161 amt_0001_0005_0_00149 festivals and celebrations, 5 159-160 amt_0001_0005_0_00149 homeland political and economic influence, 5 160-162 amt_0001_0005_0_00149 immigrant experience in New York City, 5 154-163 amt_0001_0005_0_00149 musical events in response to Chinese events, 5 161 amt_0001_0005_0_00149 networks among musicians, 5 157-159 amt_0001_0005_0_00149 songs about migration experience (muyu), 5 155 amt_0001_0005_0_00149 theories of cultural displacement, 5 156-157 amt_0001_0005_0_00149 "Tiananmen Memorial Concert," 5 161 amt_0001_0005_0_00149 trans-Pacific cultural brokers, 5 159-160 amt_0001_0005_0_00149 transnational networks of musicians, 5 158 amt_0001_0005_0_00149 Western opera traditions and, 5 163 amt_0001_0005_0_00149 Chinese American Planning Council (CAPC), 5 159 amt_0001_0005_0_00149

Chinese American traditional music in New York City, 5 142-151 amt_0001_0005_0_00148 behavior of voluntary vs. involuntary migrants and, 5 148-150 amt_0001_0005_0_00148 Cantonese vs. Peking opera groups, 5 148-150 amt_0001_0005_0_00148 Chinatown area, 5 143 (map) amt_0001_0005_0_00148 factors influencing musical activities, 5 142-144 amt_0001_0005_0_00148 isolation from mainstream life, 5 146 amt_0001_0005_0_00148 5 149 amt_0001_0005_0_00148 migrants' exposure to music before departure, 5 144-145 amt_0001_0005_0_00148 narrative songs (muyu, muk'yu), 5 148 amt_0001_0005_0_00148 5 149 amt_0001_0005_0_00148 5 155 amt_0001_0005_0_00149 social function of opera groups, 5 147-148 amt_0001_0005_0_00148 songs about migration experience (muyu), 5 149 amt_0001_0005_0_00148 traditional opera groups, 5 147-148 amt_0001_0005_0_00148 Chinese General Consulate, New York City, 5 161 amt_0001_0005_0_00149 Chinese immigration to America NA NA NA anti-Chinese movement and legislation, 5 146 amt_0001_0005_0_00148 departure-related events and resettlement, 5 145-147 amt_0001_0005_0_00148 discovery of gold in California, 5 144 amt_0001_0005_0_00148 formation of music culture and, 5 154-155 amt_0001_0005_0_00149 history and demographics, 5 142 amt_0001_0005_0_00148 impact of migration on music activities, 5 148-150 amt_0001_0005_0_00148 isolation from mainstream life, 5 146 amt_0001_0005_0_00148 5 149 amt_0001_0005_0_00148 pre-departure features and circumstances, 5 144-145 amt_0001_0005_0_00148 return to China, 5 145 amt_0001_0005_0_00148 songs about migration experience (muyu), 5 149 amt_0001_0005_0_00148 5 155 amt_0001_0005_0_00149 students and scholars as involuntary migrants, 5 146-147 amt_0001_0005_0_00148 theories of cultural displacement, NA 155-157 NM voluntary segregation, 5 146 amt_0001_0005_0_00148 voluntary vs. involuntary migrants, 5 143-144 amt_0001_0005_0_00148 5 148-150 amt_0001_0005_0_00148 Chinese Information and Culture Center (CICC), 5 162 amt_0001_0005_0_00149 Chinese Music Ensemble of New York, 5 148 amt_0001_0005_0_00148 5 150 amt_0001_0005_0_00148 Chinese music in Hawai'i, 5 82-85 amt_0001_0005_0_00135 Cantonese opera, 5 83-84 amt_0001_0005_0_00135 concepts of Chinese opera, 5 84 amt_0001_0005_0_00135 history, 5 83-84 amt_0001_0005_0_00135 instruments, 5 84-85 amt_0001_0005_0_00135 siu kuk, 5 83 amt_0001_0005_0_00135 yuet kuk, 5 83 amt_0001_0005_0_00135 Chinese Musical and Theatrical Association, 5 149 amt_0001_0005_0_00148 Chinese opera NA NA NA Cantonese opera in Hawai'i, 5 83-85 amt_0001_0005_0_00135 Cantonese vs. Peking opera groups in New York City, 5 148-150 amt_0001_0005_0_00148 effects of voluntary vs. involuntary migration, 5 143-144 amt_0001_0005_0_00148 exposure of migrants to opera before departure, 5 144-145 amt_0001_0005_0_00148 traditional opera groups in New York, 5 147-148 amt_0001_0005_0_00148 Chinese Opera Association, 5 148 amt_0001_0005_0_00148 Chippewa. Turtle Mountain Chippewa Chisholm, Angus (fiddler), 3 34 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 Chiu, Stanley (Chinese musician), 5 149 amt_0001_0005_0_00148 Choctaw tribe NA NA NA drum traditions, 1 11 amt_0001_0001_0_00008 rhythm sticks, 1 12 amt_0001_0001_0_00008 The Chosen, Over the Brooklyn Bridge (Kapelye), 4 105 amt_0001_0004_0_00111 Southeastern Native American music Chotiz (schottische), in Rio Grande del Norte, 5 61 amt_0001_0005_0_00131 Chowtals, dholak drum ensembles, 5 48 amt_0001_0005_0_00129 Christeson, R. P., 3 24 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 Christian, Charlie (blues musician), 2 64 amt_0001_0002_0_00040 Christian Harmony (shape-note hymn book), 3 76 amt_0001_0003_0_00068 Christianity NA NA NA adaptation of hymns by Native people, 1 107 amt_0001_0001_0_00023 1 108 amt_0001_0001_0_00023 Cherokee hymn singing, 1 3 amt_0001_0001_0_00007 1 68-70 amt_0001_0001_0_00018 Hawaiian islands, 5 76-77 amt_0001_0005_0_00135 5 79 amt_0001_0005_0_00135 Pueblo community, 1 28 amt_0001_0001_0_00011 Roman Catholicism and French Canadian culture, 4 11 amt_0001_0004_0_00095 4 26 amt_0001_0004_0_00098 southeastern Native American music, 1 9 amt_0001_0001_0_00008 training of Indians to play European instruments, 1 107-108 amt_0001_0001_0_00023 Yaqui people, 1 31-32 amt_0001_0001_0_00012 Christmas Grandfest, 4 60 amt_0001_0004_0_00103 Churches, African American Hymns Sacred Harp (songbook) Chumbler, Archer Lee (autoharpist), 3 130 amt_0001_0003_0_00075 Chumbler Family, 3 130 amt_0001_0003_0_00075 Church musicians, northern New Mexico and Colorado, 5 57 amt_0001_0005_0_00130 Churches, African American NA NA NA railroad work chant compared with church singing, 2 27 amt_0001_0002_0_00036 rural Mississippi, 2 33-34 amt_0001_0002_0_00037 songleaders, 2 108-109 amt_0001_0002_0_00047 Tate and Panola Counties, Mississippi, 2 33-34 amt_0001_0002_0_00037 tensions between blues performers and, 2 56-57 amt_0001_0002_0_00039 urbanization and development of gospel music, 2 116-117 amt_0001_0002_0_00048 Chutney music, dholak drum ensembles, 5 48 amt_0001_0005_0_00129 Gospel music Gospel quartets Spirituals Cigányprimás (operetta), 4 95 amt_0001_0004_0_00110 Cimarron Boys (Western swing band), 3 158 amt_0001_0003_0_00081 Cincinnati, Ohio, German singing societies, 4 56 amt_0001_0004_0_00103 Cincinnati Backerverein, 4 57 amt_0001_0004_0_00103 Cindrich, Joe (Slavic musician), 4 88 amt_0001_0004_0_00109 Circle dances NA NA NA big circle dance, O'odham kwariya vs., 1 38 amt_0001_0001_0_00013 Gujarati circle dances, 5 100-103 amt_0001_0005_0_00139 Vermont and New Hampshire, 4 23 amt_0001_0004_0_00097 Cittern, Irish traditional music, 3 165 amt_0001_0003_0_00083 Civil rights movement, 2 105-114 amt_0001_0002_0_00047 "Albany movement," 2 107 amt_0001_0002_0_00047 black American choral song style, 2 108-111 amt_0001_0002_0_00047 freedom songs, 2 107 amt_0001_0002_0_00047 2 111-114 amt_0001_0002_0_00047 geography, 2 106 (map) NM gospel singing influenced by, 2 103 amt_0001_0002_0_00046 music as language of black struggle, 2 107-108 amt_0001_0002_0_00047 songs based on black traditional repertoire, 2 111 amt_0001_0002_0_00047 Staples Singers, 2 111 amt_0001_0002_0_00047 Civil War, French Canadian service, 3 27-28 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 Claffey, James F. (fiddler), 3 32 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 3 34 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 Clancy Brothers and Tommy Makem, 3 164 amt_0001_0003_0_00083 3 166 amt_0001_0003_0_00083 Clapping Juber, 2 42-43 amt_0001_0002_0_00038 Clara Ward Singers (gospel singers), 2 98 amt_0001_0002_0_00045 Clark, Gene, 1 114-115 amt_0001_0001_0_00023 Clark, Gerald (calypso bandleader), 5 36 amt_0001_0005_0_00128 Clark, Mattie Moss (gospel choir director), 2 103 amt_0001_0002_0_00046 Clark, William, 1 53 amt_0001_0001_0_00016 Clark Sisters of Detroit (gospel quartet), 2 98 amt_0001_0002_0_00045 2 103 amt_0001_0002_0_00046 Clauser, Al (Western swing musician), 3 158-159 amt_0001_0003_0_00081 Clave pattern NA NA NA Cuban son, 5 16 amt_0001_0005_0_00124 rumba music, 5 16 amt_0001_0005_0_00124 Claves NA NA NA Cuban music, 5 15 amt_0001_0005_0_00124 rumba music, 5 32 amt_0001_0005_0_00127 Cleland, John (Irish fiddler), 3 175 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 Clete Bellin Orchestra, 4 68 amt_0001_0004_0_00104 Cleveland, James (gospel choir director), 2 103 amt_0001_0002_0_00046

Cleveland, Ohio NA NA NA Buckeye community, 4 91-93 amt_0001_0004_0_00110 Irish-American traditional music, 3 177-183 amt_0001_0003_0_00085 Lakewood neighborhood, 3 178-179 amt_0001_0003_0_00085 Cleveland's Gospel Music Workshop of America, D. C. Chapter, 2 99 amt_0001_0002_0_00045 Clifford, James, 5 163 amt_0001_0005_0_00149 Clifford, Tim (Irish accordionist), 3 174 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 Clifton, Fred (fife and drum band member), 2 46 amt_0001_0002_0_00038 Clogging NA NA NA French Canadian music, 4 23 amt_0001_0004_0_00097 old-time music, 3 146 amt_0001_0003_0_00079 3 148 amt_0001_0003_0_00079 Clogs, Cape Breton Islanders, 3 41 amt_0001_0003_0_00062 Cloonan, Pat (Irish accordionist), 3 174 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 "Close By" (autoharp tune), 3 128 amt_0001_0003_0_00075 Coast Salish tribe of First Nations people, 1 86 amt_0001_0001_0_00021 Cobb, Buell, 3 73 amt_0001_0003_0_00068 3 78 amt_0001_0003_0_00068 Cobbs, Lucinda, 2 44 amt_0001_0002_0_00038 Cobbs, Tom (dulcimer player), 2 44 amt_0001_0002_0_00038 Cobos, Rubén, 5 60 amt_0001_0005_0_00131 Cockerham, Fred (banjo player), 2 12 amt_0001_0002_0_00033 Cocoon rattles (teneboim), on pascola dancers, 1 32-33 amt_0001_0001_0_00012 1 113 amt_0001_0001_0_00023 Coen, Augusto (Puerto Rican bandleader), 5 19 amt_0001_0005_0_00125 Cohan, George M. (Irish composer), 3 167 amt_0001_0003_0_00083 Cohen, John, 3 67 amt_0001_0003_0_00067 3 69 amt_0001_0003_0_00067 3 99 amt_0001_0003_0_00071 Cohen, Norm, 3 111 amt_0001_0003_0_00073 Coin, Jacob (Hopi musician), 1 42-44 amt_0001_0001_0_00014 Hopi musical tradition, 1 42-43 amt_0001_0001_0_00014 song writing method, 1 43 amt_0001_0001_0_00014 Coladera music and dance, cape Verdean Americans, 2 19-21 amt_0001_0002_0_00035 Coldwater, Mississippi, 2 30 amt_0001_0002_0_00037 Cole, John (railroad work chant caller), 2 26 amt_0001_0002_0_00036 Coleman, Michael (Irish fiddler), 3 166 amt_0001_0003_0_00083 3 179-180 amt_0001_0003_0_00085 Collar, Helen, 3 184 amt_0001_0003_0_00086 Collazos, Julio, (Cuban batá drummer), 5 13 amt_0001_0005_0_00124 Collinsville powwow, Oklahoma, 1 62 amt_0001_0001_0_00017 Colán, Willie (Puerto Rican musician), 5 20 amt_0001_0005_0_00125 Colorado NA NA NA bluegrass and old-time music, 3 145-149 amt_0001_0003_0_00079 Latino musical communities, 5 49-57 amt_0001_0005_0_00130 Colorado Bluegrass Music Society, 3 146 amt_0001_0003_0_00079 Colorado Friends of Old-Time Music, 3 146 amt_0001_0003_0_00079 Colored Sacred Harp (songbook), 2 86-88 amt_0001_0002_0_00043 lack of acceptance, 2 87-88 amt_0001_0002_0_00043 publication of, 2 86 amt_0001_0002_0_00043 2 87 amt_0001_0002_0_00043 recent popularity, 2 88 amt_0001_0002_0_00043 revision and acceptance of, 3 77 amt_0001_0003_0_00068 Colvin, Hiter (fiddler), 3 152 amt_0001_0003_0_00080 Comanche dance/celebration, 5 55 amt_0001_0005_0_00130 Comb and wax paper, 2 36 amt_0001_0002_0_00037 "Come Let's March" (fife and drum music), 2 47 amt_0001_0002_0_00038 Comhaltas Ceolteoiri Eireann (Irish Musicians' Association), 3 164 amt_0001_0003_0_00083 3 174 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 Committee for the Development of French in Louisiana (CODOFIL), 4 13 amt_0001_0004_0_00095 Commuck, Thomas (Narragansett hymn publisher), 1 108 amt_0001_0001_0_00023 The Complete O'Neill Collection (Doherty), 3 175 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 Concannon, P. J. (Irish fiddler), 3 173 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 Concertina NA NA NA German old-time music of, 4 52 amt_0001_0004_0_00102 Irish traditional music, 3 165 amt_0001_0003_0_00083 makers of, 4 52 amt_0001_0004_0_00102 polka bands, 4 71 amt_0001_0004_0_00105 Concha, Benito (Red Thunder group), 1 113 amt_0001_0001_0_00023 1 114 amt_0001_0001_0_00023 Concha, Miguel "Mike" (governor of Taos pueblo), 1 114 amt_0001_0001_0_00023 Conga drums NA NA NA Cuban music, 5 15 amt_0001_0005_0_00124 Orisha ceremonies, 5 31 amt_0001_0005_0_00127 rumba music, 5 32 amt_0001_0005_0_00127 El Conjunto Bernal, 5 67 amt_0001_0005_0_00132 Tumbadora drums Conjunto Colores (Latin dance band), 5 57 amt_0001_0005_0_00130 Conjunto de arpa grande mariachi tradition, 5 71 amt_0001_0005_0_00133 Conjunto Típico Cibaeño (Dominican band), 5 27 amt_0001_0005_0_00126 Conjuntos, Texas-Mexican. Texas-Mexican conjuntos Connolly, Maureen Glynn, 3 165 amt_0001_0003_0_00083 Conrad, Earl, 2 17 amt_0001_0002_0_00034 Contra dances NA NA NA Northwestern U.S., 3 162 amt_0001_0003_0_00082 old style dress, 3 16 amt_0001_0003_0_00060 old-time music, 3 148 amt_0001_0003_0_00079 origination from French contredanse, 3 28 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 Pittsburg, New Hampshire, 3 17 amt_0001_0003_0_00060 3 18-19 amt_0001_0003_0_00060 revival of interest in, 3 19 amt_0001_0003_0_00060 3 36 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 Vermont and New Hampshire, 4 22 amt_0001_0004_0_00097 "El Contrabandista" (corrido), 5 65 amt_0001_0005_0_00132 Cook, Irvin (banjo player), 2 45 amt_0001_0002_0_00038 Cook, Deacon James, 2 77 amt_0001_0002_0_00042 2 78 amt_0001_0002_0_00042 2 79 amt_0001_0002_0_00042 Cook, John (Irish drummer), 3 174 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 Cook, Nathan, 2 79 amt_0001_0002_0_00042 Cooke, Sam (gospel singer), 2 97 amt_0001_0002_0_00045 "Cookin' in the Kitchen" (banjo song), 2 8 amt_0001_0002_0_00033 Coolbroth, Eldress Harriett, 3 53 amt_0001_0003_0_00064 Cooley, Joe (Irish accordionist), 3 174 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 Cooley, Seamus (Irish musician), 3 172 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 3 174 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 Cooley, Spade (Western swing musician), 3 159 amt_0001_0003_0_00081 Coon Creek Girls, 3 97 amt_0001_0003_0_00071 Cooper, W. M. (reviser of Sacred Harp), 2 85-86 amt_0001_0002_0_00043 2 87 amt_0001_0002_0_00043 3 74 amt_0001_0003_0_00068 3 76 amt_0001_0003_0_00068 Copla music (Spanish), 5 52 amt_0001_0005_0_00130 Cormier, Joseph (fiddler), 3 42 amt_0001_0003_0_00062 3 43 amt_0001_0003_0_00062 Corn dance, Seneca people, 1 23 amt_0001_0001_0_00010 Coro Trentino (social club), 4 48 amt_0001_0004_0_00101 "El Corrido de Mariano Reséndez," 5 65 amt_0001_0005_0_00132 Corridos (folksongs) NA NA NA Rio Grande del Norte, 5 60 amt_0001_0005_0_00131 Texas-Mexican, 5 65 amt_0001_0005_0_00132 Yaqui people, 1 34 amt_0001_0001_0_00012 Cortez, Gregorio (corrido hero), 5 65 amt_0001_0005_0_00132 Cortina, Juan Nepomuceno (corrido hero), 5 65 amt_0001_0005_0_00132 Costumes NA NA NA Hmong New Year festival, 5 140 amt_0001_0005_0_00147 5 141 amt_0001_0005_0_00147 Cotillions Regalia for dances cotillos, in Northern New Mexico, 5 52 amt_0001_0005_0_00130 New England, 3 26 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 origination from French contredanse, 3 28 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 Western New York State, 3 45 amt_0001_0003_0_00063 "Cotton-Eyed Joe" (dance tune), 3 85 amt_0001_0003_0_00069 Square dance Couchman, Texas, 2 70-72 amt_0001_0002_0_00041 Council for the Development of French (Louisiana), 4 34-35 amt_0001_0004_0_00099 The Country Gentlemen (bluegrass band), 3 132 amt_0001_0003_0_00076 Country house parties, blues music for, 2 54-56 amt_0001_0002_0_00039 Country music in Tennessee. Tennessee county music Cowbells NA NA NA Bahamian junkanoo music, 5 35 amt_0001_0005_0_00127 Orisha ceremonies, 5 31 amt_0001_0005_0_00127 as part of Cuban timbales, 5 15 amt_0001_0005_0_00124 as square dance signal, 3 46 amt_0001_0003_0_00063 Cowhorn NA NA NA African American signaling device, 2 36 amt_0001_0002_0_00037 Native American rattle made from, 1 23 amt_0001_0001_0_00010

Coyle, Jim (Irish accordionist), 3 174 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 "Craftsbury Common Contest" (fiddle contest), 3 36 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 Craig, Charles (gospel choir director), 2 103 amt_0001_0002_0_00046 Cramer, Floyd (country singer), 3 153 amt_0001_0003_0_00080 Crawford, J. C., 4 10 amt_0001_0004_0_00095 Crawfordite sub-sect of Primitive Baptists, 3 84-86 amt_0001_0003_0_00069 Cree people, intermarriage with Europeans, 1 182 NM 4 10 amt_0001_0004_0_00095 Creole influence on French immigrants, 4 6 amt_0001_0004_0_00095 4 9 amt_0001_0004_0_00095 4 31 amt_0001_0004_0_00099 Cajun music, 4 32 amt_0001_0004_0_00099 Creolization, 4 1 amt_0001_0004_0_00094 Croatian music NA NA NA Don Lipovac's accordion music, 4 87-88 amt_0001_0004_0_00109 polkas, 4 62 amt_0001_0004_0_00104 tamburitza music, 4 89 amt_0001_0004_0_00109 Cronin, Edward (Irish fiddler), 3 171 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 Cronin, Johnny (Irish fiddler), 3 174 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 Cronin, Paddy (Irish fiddler), 3 34 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 3 35 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 3 174 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 Crosby, Bing (Irish-American singer), 3 167 amt_0001_0003_0_00083 Crouch, Andrae (gospel composer), 2 98 amt_0001_0002_0_00045 Crouch, Sandra (gospel composer), 2 98 amt_0001_0002_0_00045 "The Crowing Rooster" (accordion tune), 2 45 amt_0001_0002_0_00038 Cruz, Celia (Cuban singer), 5 13 amt_0001_0005_0_00124 Csárddses, 4 74 amt_0001_0004_0_00106 Cuadrilla (dance) NA NA NA northern New Mexico, 5 52 amt_0001_0005_0_00130 O'odham people, 1 38 amt_0001_0001_0_00013 Rio Grande del Norte, 5 61 amt_0001_0005_0_00131 Cuarteto Victoria (Puerto Rican group), 5 19 amt_0001_0005_0_00125 Quadrilles Cuatro (guitar-like instrument) NA NA NA characteristics, 5 22 amt_0001_0005_0_00125 salsa music, 5 20 amt_0001_0005_0_00125 seis dance music, 5 86 amt_0001_0005_0_00135 Cuban music in New York City, 5 12-17 amt_0001_0005_0_00124 Afro-Cuban styles in Puerto Rican music, 5 20-21 amt_0001_0005_0_00125 demography, 5 12-13 amt_0001_0005_0_00124 documentary recordings and films, 5 16-17 amt_0001_0005_0_00124 dominance of dance styles, 5 19-20 amt_0001_0005_0_00125 fusion of musical forms, 5 15 amt_0001_0005_0_00124 history and musicians, 5 12-14 amt_0001_0005_0_00124 instruments, 5 15 amt_0001_0005_0_00124 relationship with Puerto Rican music, 5 18 amt_0001_0005_0_00125 5 19-20 amt_0001_0005_0_00125 secular music, 5 14-16 amt_0001_0005_0_00124 Cuban percussion traditions in Miami, 5 30-33 amt_0001_0005_0_00127 batá drums, 5 31 amt_0001_0005_0_00127 Orisha ceremonies, 5 31-32 amt_0001_0005_0_00127 Orisha religion and percussion, 5 31 amt_0001_0005_0_00127 Palo religion and music, 5 32 amt_0001_0005_0_00127 rumba, 5 32-33 amt_0001_0005_0_00127 "Cubop," 5 13 amt_0001_0005_0_00124 "The Cuckoo" (lyric song), 3 10 amt_0001_0003_0_00059 "Cuckoo's Nest" (fiddle tune), 3 22-23 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 3 26 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 Cugat, Xavier (Cuban bandleader), 5 13 amt_0001_0005_0_00124 Culbreth, Janie Lee (civil rights songwriter), 2 112 amt_0001_0002_0_00047 "El Cumbanchero" (Puerto Rican song), 5 19 amt_0001_0005_0_00125 Cumberland River Singers (gospel quartet), 2 102 amt_0001_0002_0_00046 La cuna (cradle dance), 5 61 amt_0001_0005_0_00131 Curry, Isaac "Uncle Boo" (accordionist), 2 46 amt_0001_0002_0_00038 Curtis, Charles (Senator), 1 64 amt_0001_0001_0_00017 Custer Died for Your Sins (song album), 1 114 amt_0001_0001_0_00023 Cymbals NA NA NA Chinese siu kuk music, 5 85 amt_0001_0005_0_00135 finger cymbals, Cambodian music, 5 128 amt_0001_0005_0_00144 jhal, in tassa drum ensembles, 5 47 amt_0001_0005_0_00129 jhal and manjeera, in dholak drum ensembles, 5 47 amt_0001_0005_0_00129 Laotian, 5 128 amt_0001_0005_0_00144 O'odham waila music, 1 112 amt_0001_0001_0_00023 as part of Cuban timbales, 5 15 amt_0001_0005_0_00124 Czech music in Wisconsin, 4 77-81 amt_0001_0004_0_00107 American influence, 4 80-81 amt_0001_0004_0_00107 characteristics of immigrants, 4 77-78 amt_0001_0004_0_00107 instruments, bands, and musicians, 4 78-80 amt_0001_0004_0_00107 map of region, 4 78 (map) amt_0001_0004_0_00107

D

D.C. Harmoneers (gospel quartet), 2 97 amt_0001_0002_0_00045 D. C. Kings of Harmony (gospel quartet), 2 97 amt_0001_0002_0_00045 Dablon, Claude, 1 108 amt_0001_0001_0_00023 Dacus, William F. "Smokey" (Western swing musician), 3 159 amt_0001_0003_0_00081 Daddy Mack Blues Band, 2 62 amt_0001_0002_0_00040 "The Daemon Lover" (ballad), 3 16 amt_0001_0003_0_00060 Dakota Odowan (Siouan hymnal), 1 108 amt_0001_0001_0_00023 Dale County, Alabama, Colored Musical Institute, 2 86 amt_0001_0002_0_00043 Daley, Richard (reggae singer), 1 119 amt_0001_0001_0_00024 Dall, William, 1 101 amt_0001_0001_0_00022 D'Almaine, Charles, 3 26 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 Damirón, Rafael (Dominican bandleader), 5 27 amt_0001_0005_0_00126 Dan Sullivan's Shamrock Band of Boston, 3 34 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 The Dance Music of Ireland: 1001 Gems (O'Neill), 3 171 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 "Dance of the Yi Tribe" (pipa music), 5 99 amt_0001_0005_0_00138 Dances. specific dance type specific ethnic group Dancing masters, New England, 3 24 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 3 26 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 Daniel, John W. (fiddler), 3 152 amt_0001_0003_0_00080 Danko, Rick, 1 114 amt_0001_0001_0_00023 "Danny Boy" (song), 3 186 amt_0001_0003_0_00086 Danza (Puerto Rican dance), 5 22 amt_0001_0005_0_00125 5 86 amt_0001_0005_0_00135 Danzón, Cuban, 5 13 amt_0001_0005_0_00124 "The Dark Eyed Sailor" (ballad), 3 8-9 amt_0001_0003_0_00059 "Darling I Am Growing Old" (ballad), 3 7 amt_0001_0003_0_00059 "Darling Nelly Gray" (dance tune), 3 34 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 3 35 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 3 36 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 Davis, Doc (autoharpist), 3 97 amt_0001_0003_0_00071 Davis, Ed Jesse (Kiowa guitarist), 1 115 amt_0001_0001_0_00023 Davis, Gary (blues musician), 2 53 amt_0001_0002_0_00039 2 54 amt_0001_0002_0_00039 Davis, Henry (gospel pianist), 2 99 amt_0001_0002_0_00045 Davis, Herbert, Jr. (chantey singer), 2 18 amt_0001_0002_0_00034 Davis, Jimmie (Governor of Louisiana and singer), 3 150 amt_0001_0003_0_00080 3 152 amt_0001_0003_0_00080 3 153 amt_0001_0003_0_00080 3 158 amt_0001_0003_0_00081 Davis, Luther (fiddler), 3 91 amt_0001_0003_0_00070 Dawson, Georgia, 2 107 amt_0001_0002_0_00047 "The Day Is Past and Gone" (Old Regular Baptist hymn), 3 60 amt_0001_0003_0_00065 De Danaan (Irish band), 3 182 amt_0001_0003_0_00085 de la Rosa, Tony (conjunto musician), 5 67 amt_0001_0005_0_00132 De Simone, Roberto, 4 48 amt_0001_0004_0_00101 de Soto, Hernando, 4 6 amt_0001_0004_0_00095 De Souza, Barrabas (samba musician), 5 45 amt_0001_0005_0_00129 "Deacon John" (song), 4 34-35 amt_0001_0004_0_00099 Deason, Art (Christian Harmony singer), 3 77 amt_0001_0003_0_00068 DeCaro, Angelo (Calabrian musician), 4 42 amt_0001_0004_0_00100 4 43 amt_0001_0004_0_00100 DeCaro, Francesco (Calabrian musician), 4 42 amt_0001_0004_0_00100 DeCaro, Giuseppe (Calabrian musician), 4 42 amt_0001_0004_0_00100 Décima music (Spanish), 5 52 amt_0001_0005_0_00130 5 60 amt_0001_0005_0_00131 Deer Dance NA NA NA association with Pascola dance, 1 33 amt_0001_0001_0_00012 1 112-113 amt_0001_0001_0_00023 raris-ta, Pawnee people, 1 55-56 amt_0001_0001_0_00016 DeFranco, Faust (Calabrian musician), 4 42 amt_0001_0004_0_00100 DeFranco, Giuseppe (Calabrian musician), 4 42 amt_0001_0004_0_00100 DeFranco, Rafaela (Calabrian musician), 4 42 amt_0001_0004_0_00100 Dégh, L., 4 92 amt_0001_0004_0_00110 DeGiacomo, Antonio (Calabrian musician), 4 42 amt_0001_0004_0_00100 Delafosse, John (zydeco musician), 4 13 amt_0001_0004_0_00095

Delaney, Barney (Irish piper), 3 171 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 Delaware Feather Dance, Seneca people, 1 24 amt_0001_0001_0_00010 "Delgadina" (Spanish romance), 5 59 amt_0001_0005_0_00131 Delta-Aires (gospel quartet), 2 93 amt_0001_0002_0_00044 Delta region of Mississippi, 2 30 amt_0001_0002_0_00037 Dennis, Bernard (blues musician), 2 73 amt_0001_0002_0_00041 Densmore, Frances (musicologist), 1 4-5 amt_0001_0001_0_00007 1 6 amt_0001_0001_0_00007 Denson, James M., 3 73 amt_0001_0003_0_00068 Denson, Paine, 3 73 amt_0001_0003_0_00068 Denson, Seaborn M., 3 73 amt_0001_0003_0_00068 Denson, Thomas J., 3 73 amt_0001_0003_0_00068 Denson revision of Sacred Harp, 2 85 amt_0001_0002_0_00043 3 73-74 amt_0001_0003_0_00068 Denver, Colorado, Latino communities in, 5 51 amt_0001_0005_0_00130 Depot, Conrad (fiddler), 4 16 amt_0001_0004_0_00096 Derricks, Clearvant (gospel songwriter), 2 65 amt_0001_0002_0_00040 Desdouits, Anne-Marie, 4 11 amt_0001_0004_0_00095 Despers USA (steel pan band), 5 39 amt_0001_0005_0_00128 Detroit, Michigan, 2 101-104 amt_0001_0002_0_00046 gospel music, 2 101-104 amt_0001_0002_0_00046 Motown sound, 2 101 amt_0001_0002_0_00046 2 103 amt_0001_0002_0_00046 Voice of Tabernacle Choir, 2 102 amt_0001_0002_0_00046 Detroiters (gospel quartet), 2 102 amt_0001_0002_0_00046 "Devil's Dream" (dance tune), 3 17 amt_0001_0003_0_00060 3 18 amt_0001_0003_0_00060 3 26 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 3 34 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 Devine, Jimmy (Irish fiddler), 3 173 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 DeWan, Jim (Irish guitarist), 3 175 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 Dewitt, O'Byrne (fiddler), 3 34 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 Dezsö, Iván (Hungarian bandleader), 4 92 amt_0001_0004_0_00110 4 95 amt_0001_0004_0_00110 4 96 amt_0001_0004_0_00110 Dhanammal, Veena, 5 109 amt_0001_0005_0_00141 Dholak drum ensembles, 5 47-48 amt_0001_0005_0_00129 Dhrupat music, dholak drum ensembles, 5 47 amt_0001_0005_0_00129 "Di Grine Kuzine" (song), 4 104 amt_0001_0004_0_00111 Diatonic accordions, 4 34-35 amt_0001_0004_0_00099 Dickason, Olive Patricia, 4 10 amt_0001_0004_0_00095 Dickerson, Barney (fiddler), 3 116 amt_0001_0003_0_00074 Dickinson, Wes (fiddler), 3 30 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 3 34 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 Diddley bows, 2 39-41 amt_0001_0002_0_00037 Dife, Asa (Dominican musician), 5 10 amt_0001_0005_0_00123 DiGiacomo, Antonio (Calabrian singer), 4 43 amt_0001_0004_0_00100 Dillon, Timothy (Irish fiddler), 3 171 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 Disc jockeys NA NA NA DJ mixing, 2 120 amt_0001_0002_0_00049 2 122 amt_0001_0002_0_00049 gospel music, 2 97 amt_0001_0002_0_00045 Disco rapping, 2 121 amt_0001_0002_0_00049 Dissonance, in African American choral music, 2 110 amt_0001_0002_0_00047 Diwali festival in Seattle, 5 104-108 amt_0001_0005_0_00140 folk dances, 5 105 amt_0001_0005_0_00140 foods and sweets, 5 105-106 amt_0001_0005_0_00140 home celebration, 5 106-108 amt_0001_0005_0_00140 purpose of festival, 5 105 amt_0001_0005_0_00140 rangoli (floor decorations), 5 108 amt_0001_0005_0_00140 Dixie Humming Birds Quartet, 2 98 amt_0001_0002_0_00045 Dixon, J. K., 1 73 amt_0001_0001_0_00019 Dixon, Willie, 2 68-75 amt_0001_0002_0_00041 Blues Heaven Foundation, 2 70-71 amt_0001_0002_0_00041 education in singing and blues, 2 71-73 amt_0001_0002_0_00041 father's philosophy and, 2 68-70 amt_0001_0002_0_00041 religious philosophy, 2 69-70 amt_0001_0002_0_00041 Robert Jr. Lockwood and, 2 65 amt_0001_0002_0_00040 2 73-74 amt_0001_0002_0_00041 songs as means of education and wisdom, 2 73-75 amt_0001_0002_0_00041 DJ mixing, 2 120 amt_0001_0002_0_00049 2 122 amt_0001_0002_0_00049 "Do-do 'enfant do" (song), 4 22 amt_0001_0004_0_00097 Dr. Cookie (country musician), 3 154 amt_0001_0003_0_00080 Doctor Cults, Pawnee people, 1 55-56 amt_0001_0001_0_00016 "Dog, Dog" (civil rights song), 2 113 amt_0001_0002_0_00047 Doherty, Liz, 3 175 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 Dolan, Anita (fiddler), 3 145 amt_0001_0003_0_00079 Dolge, Alfred (piano maker), 3 122 amt_0001_0003_0_00075 Dollard, Fr. (Irish flutist), 3 171 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 *Dom Podhalanski, 4 74 amt_0001_0004_0_00106 Dombrowski, Norm, 4 65 amt_0001_0004_0_00104 Dominican music in New York City, 5 26-29 amt_0001_0005_0_00126 bachata music, 5 28-29 amt_0001_0005_0_00126 history and musicians, 5 26-28 amt_0001_0005_0_00126 musical styles, 5 28-29 amt_0001_0005_0_00126 ritual music, 5 28 amt_0001_0005_0_00126 "Don Gato" (Spanish romance), 5 59 amt_0001_0005_0_00131 Merengue "Don Simon" (canciön), 5 60 amt_0001_0005_0_00131 Donald Vails Choraleers, 2 103 amt_0001_0002_0_00046 Donnelly, Jim (Irish fiddler), 3 173 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 Dooley, Simmie (blues musician), 2 53 amt_0001_0002_0_00039 Doran, Paddy (Irish flutist), 3 173 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 Dorr, Julia ("Margery Gray"), 3 14 amt_0001_0003_0_00060 Dorsey, Thomas A. (gospel musician), 2 101 amt_0001_0002_0_00046 2 116 amt_0001_0002_0_00048 2 124 amt_0001_0002_0_00050 Dotson, George, 3 101 amt_0001_0003_0_00072 Dotson, Reuben, 3 101-102 amt_0001_0003_0_00072 "Double Dutch" chants, 2 117 amt_0001_0002_0_00048 Double Ten Festival of Republic of China (Taiwan), 5 161 amt_0001_0005_0_00149 Doucet, Tommy (fiddler), 3 35 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 "Down By the Old Mill Stream" (ballad), 3 7 amt_0001_0003_0_00059 "Down Yonder" (fiddle tune), 3 110 amt_0001_0003_0_00073 Doyle, Tom (Irish flutist), 3 173 amt_0001_0003_0_00084 Dranes, Arizona (gospel singer), 2 98 amt_0001_0002_0_00045 Dreadfulwater, J. B. (Cherokee choir director), 1 70 amt_0001_0001_0_00018 Dreiser, Theodore (novelist), 4 109 amt_0001_0004_0_00112 Dresser, Paul (composer), 4 109 amt_0001_0004_0_00112 "Drive Ol'Joe" (shout song), 2 80 amt_0001_0002_0_00042 Driver, Bill (fiddler), 3 24 amt_0001_0003_0_00061 D'Rivera, Paquito (Cuban saxophonist), 5 13 amt_0001_0005_0_00124 Drones NA NA NA