VOLUME 1
PREFACE ............................ v
FOR YOUR REFERENCE .............. vii
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS ............ xiii
A
Active Transport ..................... 1
Adaptation .......................... 3
Adrenal Gland ....................... 5
Aging, Biology of .................... 7
Agriculture ......................... 10
Agronomist ........................ 13
AIDS ............................. 14
Alcohol and Health .................. 17
Algae ............................. 20
Alternation of Generations ............ 22
Amino Acid ........................ 24
Amniote Egg ....................... 25
Amphibian ......................... 26
Anabolic Steroids ................... 27
Anatomy of Plants ................... 29
Angiosperms ....................... 31
Animalia ........................... 34
Annelid ............................ 36
Antibodies in Research ............... 37
Antibody .......................... 39
Antisense Nucleotides ................ 41
Arachnid ........................... 42
Archaea ........................... 43
Arthropod ......................... 46
Autoimmune Disease ................ 47
B
Bacterial Cell ....................... 48
Bacterial Diseases ................... 52
Bacterial Genetics ................... 53
Bacterial Viruses .................... 58
Beer-making, Biology of .............. 59
Behavior, Genetic Basis of ............ 60
Behavior Patterns ................... 63
Biochemist ......................... 65
Biodiversity ........................ 66
Biogeochemical Cycles ............... 68
Biogeography ....................... 70
Bioinformatics ...................... 71
Biological Weapons ................. 74
Biology ............................ 76
Biology of Race ..................... 77
Biome ............................. 79
Biotechnology ...................... 80
Bird .............................. 80
Birth Control ....................... 82
Blood ............................. 84
Blood Clotting ...................... 86
Blood Sugar Regulation .............. 87
Blood Vessels ....................... 89
Body Cavities ....................... 91
Bone .............................. 93
Bony Fish .......................... 95
Botanist ........................... 96
Brain .............................. 97
Bryophytes ........................ 104
Buffon, Count (Georges-Louis Leclerc) ........................ 106
C
C4 and CAM Plants ................ 107
Cambrian Explosion ................ 108
Cancer ........................... 110
Carbohydrates ..................... 112
Carbon Cycle ..................... 114
Cardiovascular Diseases ............. 115
Carson, Rachel .................... 117
Cartilaginous Fish .................. 118
Cell .............................. 119
Cell Culture ....................... 122
Cell Cycle ........................ 124
Cell Division ...................... 127
Cell Evolution .................... 127
Cell Junctions ..................... 129
Cell Motility ...................... 130
Cell Wall ........................ 132
Central Nervous System ............. 134
Chemoreception ................... 135
Chloroplast ....................... 137
Chordata ......................... 138
Chromosome Aberrations ............ 139
Chromosome, Eukaryotic ............ 143
Circulatory Systems ................ 149
Clinical Trials ..................... 151
Clone ............................ 152
Cnidarian ......................... 155
Coffee, Botany of .................. 155
College Professor .................. 156
Community ....................... 157
Competition ....................... 159
Conifers .......................... 162
Connective Tissue .................. 164
Conservation ...................... 165
Control of Gene Expression .......... 170
Control Mechanisms ................ 177
Convergent Evolution ............... 181
Coral Reef ........................ 183
Creationism ....................... 185
Crick, Francis ..................... 187
Crocodilians ....................... 188
Crustacean ........................ 189
Cyanobacteria ..................... 190
Cytokinesis ........................ 191
Cytoskeleton ...................... 193
D
Darwin, Charles ................... 197
De Saussure, Nicolas-Théodore ....... 199
Dentist ........................... 200
Desert ............................ 201
Desertification ..................... 204
Development ...................... 205
Differentiation in Plants ............. 212
Digestion ......................... 217
Digestive System ................... 219
Disease ........................... 221
DNA ............................ 222
DNA Sequencing .................. 224
DNA Viruses ...................... 227
Doctor, Family Practice ............. 228
Doctor, Specialist .................. 229
Drug Testing ...................... 232
Dubos, René ...................... 233
PHOTO AND ILLUSTRATION CREDITS ....................... 235
GLOSSARY ........................ 243
TOPIC OUTLINE ................... 263
INDEX ............................ 273
VOLUME 2
FOR YOUR REFERENCE ............... v
E
Echinoderm ......................... 1
Ecological Research, Long-Term ....... 3
Ecology ............................ 4
Ecology, History of ................... 5
Ecosystem .......................... 7
Electron Microscopy ................. 10
Electrophoresis ..................... 13
Emergency Medical Technician ........ 15
Endangered Species ................. 16
Endocrine System ................... 18
Endocytosis ........................ 22
Endoplasmic Reticulum .............. 25
Entomologist ....................... 27
Environmental Health ............... 28
Enzymes ........................... 29
Epidemiologist ...................... 36
Epithelium ......................... 37
Estuaries ........................... 38
Ethnobotany ....................... 40
Eubacteria ......................... 41
Eudicots ........................... 43
Evolution .......................... 44
Evolution, Evidence for .............. 52
Evolution of Plants ................. 55
Excretory Systems ................... 60
Exocytosis ......................... 62
Extinction ......................... 64
Extracellular Matrix ................. 68
Extreme Communities ............... 69
Eye ............................... 72
F
Feeding Strategies ................... 74
Female Reproductive System .......... 77
Fetal Development, Human ........... 81
Field Studies in Animal Behavior ....... 85
Field Studies in Plant Ecology ......... 87
Fire Ecology ....................... 89
Flight ............................. 91
Flowers ............................ 93
Forensic DNA Analysis ............... 94
Forest, Boreal ...................... 97
Forest, Temperate ................... 99
Forest, Tropical .................... 101
Forester .......................... 105
Fruits ............................ 105
Fungal Diseases .................... 108
Fungi ............................ 109
G
Gas Exchange ..................... 114
Gene ............................. 117
Gene Therapy ..................... 124
Genetic Analysis ................... 125
Genetic Code ..................... 129
Genetic Control of Development ..... 131
Genetic Counselor ................. 135
Genetic Diseases ................... 136
Genome .......................... 140
Genomics ......................... 141
Global Climate Change ............. 145
Glycolysis and Fermentation ......... 148
Golgi ............................ 150
Grain ............................ 153
Grasses ........................... 155
Grassland ......................... 156
Gray, Asa ......................... 158
Growth ........................... 158
Gymnosperms ..................... 161
H
Habitat ........................... 163
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium ........ 164
Harvey, William ................... 166
Health ........................... 167
Health and Safety Officer ............ 169
Hearing .......................... 169
Heart and Circulation ............... 172
Herbal Medicine ................... 176
Herbivory and Plant Defenses ........ 178
High School Biology Teacher ........ 180
History of Agriculture ............... 180
History of Biology: Biochemistry . . . . . . 182
History of Biology: Cell Theory and Cell Structure ....................... 186
History of Biology: Inheritance ....... 189
History of Evolutionary Thought ..... 192
History of Medicine ................ 196
History of Plant Physiology .......... 198
Homeostasis ....................... 201
Hormones ........................ 203
Hormones, Plant ................... 206
Horticulturist ...................... 208
Human Evolution .................. 208
Human Genome Project ............. 212
Human Nutrition .................. 217
Human Population ................. 219
Hybridization ...................... 220
Hybridization, Plant ................ 221
Hypothalamus ..................... 222
PHOTO AND ILLUSTRATION CREDITS ....................... 227
GLOSSARY ........................ 235
TOPIC OUTLINE ................... 255
INDEX ........................... 265
VOLUME 3
FOR YOUR REFERENCE ............... v
I
Imaging in Medicine .................. 1
Immune Response .................... 4
Ingenhousz, Jan ...................... 7
Insect .............................. 7
Invasive Species ..................... 10
Ion Channels ....................... 12
K
Kidney ............................ 15
Kingdom .......................... 17
Krebs Cycle ........................ 18
L
Laboratory Technician ............... 20
Lakes and Ponds .................... 21
Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste ............... 23
Landscape Ecology .................. 24
Leakey Family ...................... 26
Learning ........................... 26
Leaves ............................ 28
Leeuwenhoek, Antony von ............ 30
Lichen ............................ 31
Life Cycle, Human .................. 32
Life Cycles ......................... 34
Life, What Is ....................... 37
Light Microscopy ................... 38
Limnologist ........................ 42
Linkage and Gene Mapping ........... 42
Linnaeus, Carolus ................... 47
Lipids ............................. 48
Liver .............................. 50
Locomotion ........................ 50
Lymphatic System ................... 52
Lysosomes ......................... 54
M
Male Reproductive System ............ 56
Mammal ........................... 59
Marine Biologist .................... 60
Marsupial .......................... 62
Mating Systems ..................... 62
McClintock, Barbara ................. 64
Medical Assistant .................... 65
Medical/Science Illustrator ............ 65
Meiosis ............................ 66
Membrane Proteins .................. 70
Membrane Sructure ................. 73
Membrane Transport ................ 76
Mendel, Gregor ..................... 80
Meristems ......................... 81
Metabolism, Cellular ................. 84
Metabolism, Human ................. 87
Microbiologist ...................... 90
Microscopist ....................... 91
Migration .......................... 92
Mimicry, Camouflage, and Warning Coloration ....................... 93
Mitochondrion ..................... 94
Mitosis ............................ 98
Model Organisms: Cell Biology and Genetics ....................... 101
Model Organisms: Physiology and Medicine ....................... 102
Mollusk .......................... 105
Monocots ......................... 106
Monotreme ....................... 108
Muscle ........................... 108
Musculoskeletal System ............. 112
Mutation ......................... 115
Mycorrhizae ....................... 119
N
Natural Selection .................. 121
Nematode ........................ 124
Nervous Systems ................... 125
Neurologic Diseases ................ 129
Neuron ........................... 131
Nitrogen Cycle .................... 135
Nitrogen Fixation .................. 136
Nonspecific Defense ................ 138
Nuclear Transport ................. 140
Nucleolus ......................... 142
Nucleotides ....................... 144
Nucleus .......................... 145
Nurse ............................ 148
Nurse Practitioners ................. 148
Nutritionist ....................... 149
O
Ocean Ecosystems: Hard Bottoms ..... 150
Ocean Ecosystems: Open Ocean . . . . . . 151
Ocean Ecosystems: Soft Bottoms . . . . . . 153
Oncogenes and Cancer Cells ......... 154
Organ ............................ 158
Organelle ......................... 159
Organic Agriculture ................ 159
Origin of Life ..................... 161
Osmoregulation .................... 165
Oxidative Phosphorylation ........... 168
P
Pain ............................. 170
Paleontology ...................... 171
Pancreas .......................... 173
Parasitic Diseases ................... 174
Pasteur, Louis ..................... 176
Patterns of Inheritance .............. 177
Pauling, Linus ..................... 184
Pedigrees and Modes of Inheritance . . . 186
Peripheral Nervous System .......... 189
Peroxisomes ....................... 191
Pharmaceutical Sales Representative . . . 192
Pharmacologist .................... 192
Pheromone ....................... 193
Photoperiodism .................... 195
Photosynthesis ..................... 196
Physical Therapist and Occupational Therapist ....................... 200
Physician Assistant ................. 201
Physiological Ecology ............... 202
Pituitary Gland .................... 205
Plankton .......................... 205
Plant ............................. 207
Plant Development ................. 208
Plant Nutrition .................... 214
Plant Pathogens and Pests ........... 216
Plant Pathologist ................... 219
Plasma Membrane .................. 220
Platyhelminthes .................... 222
Poisonous Plants ................... 223
Poisons ........................... 224
Pollination and Fertilization .......... 227
Pollution and Bioremediation ........ 228
Polymerase Chain Reaction .......... 232
Population Dynamics ............... 233
Population Genetics ................ 235
Porifera .......................... 239
Porter, Keith ...................... 240
PHOTO AND ILLUSTRATION CREDITS ....................... 243
GLOSSARY ........................ 251
TOPIC OUTLINE ................... 271
INDEX ............................ 281
VOLUME 4
FOR YOUR REFERENCE ............... v
P
Predation and Defense ................ 1
Primate ............................. 4
Prion .............................. 5
Propagation ......................... 6
Protein Structure ..................... 7
Protein Synthesis .................... 13
Protein Targeting ................... 19
Protista ............................ 21
Protozoa ........................... 23
Protozoan Diseases .................. 26
Psychiatric Disorders, Biology of ....... 27
Psychiatrist ......................... 30
Psychoactive Drugs .................. 31
Pteridophytes ....................... 33
Public Health Careers ................ 35
R
Radiation Hybrid Mapping ........... 36
Radionuclides ....................... 38
Recombinant DNA .................. 38
Remote Sensing ..................... 46
Replication ......................... 47
Reproduction in Plants ............... 52
Reproductive Technology ............ 60
Reptile ............................ 62
Respiration ......................... 63
Retrovirus ......................... 66
Reverse Transcriptase ................ 68
Rhythms of Plant Life ............... 69
Ribosome .......................... 71
Rivers and Streams .................. 73
RNA .............................. 75
RNA Processing .................... 77
Roots ............................. 78
S
Scaling ............................ 81
Science Writer ...................... 83
Secondary Metabolites in Plants ....... 84
Seed Germination and Dormancy . . . . . . 86
Seedless Vascular Plants .............. 88
Seeds ............................. 89
Senescence ......................... 91
Separation and Purification of Biomolecules ..................... 93
Sex Chromosomes ................... 94
Sex Determination .................. 96
Sexual Reproduction ................. 98
Sexual Reproduction, Evolution of .... 101
Sexual Selection .................... 104
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ........ 106
Shoots ........................... 110
Signaling and Signal Transduction .... 112
Skeletons ......................... 118
Skin ............................. 120
Sleep ............................. 121
Slime Molds ....................... 124
Smoking and Health ................ 126
Social Behavior .................... 127
Sociobiology ...................... 131
Soil .............................. 132
Speciation ........................ 134
Species ........................... 136
Spinal Cord ....................... 137
Stress Response .................... 139
Structure Determination ............. 141
Symbiosis ......................... 142
Synaptic Transmission .............. 145
T
T Cells ........................... 148
Taxonomy, History of .............. 151
Temperature Regulation ............. 154
Theoretical Ecology ................ 157
Thyroid Gland .................... 158
Tissue ............................ 159
Torrey, John ...................... 160
Touch ............................ 161
Transcription ...................... 162
Transfer RNA ..................... 166
Transgenic Techniques .............. 167
Translocation ...................... 168
Transplant Medicine ................ 172
Transposon ....................... 174
Tropisms and Nastic Movements ..... 175
Tuatara ........................... 176
Tundra ........................... 177
Tunicate .......................... 178
Turtle ............................ 179
V
Vaccines .......................... 180
Vacuole .......................... 182
van Helmont, Jan .................. 183
Vavilov, Nikolay ................... 183
Vesalius, Andreas ................... 184
Veterinarian ....................... 185
Viral Diseases ..................... 186
Virus ............................. 187
Vision ............................ 188
Vitamins and Coenzymes ............ 190
von Humboldt, Alexander ........... 192
W
Water ............................ 192
Water Cycle ...................... 193
Water Movement in Plants .......... 193
Watson, James ..................... 196
Wetlands ......................... 197
Wildlife Biologist .................. 199
Wine-making, Botany of ............ 200
Wood and Wood Products .......... 201
Z
Zoology .......................... 204
Zoology Researcher ................ 204
PHOTO AND ILLUSTRATION CREDITS ....................... 207
GLOSSARY ........................ 215
TOPIC OUTLINE ................... 235
CUMULATIVE INDEX ............... 245
Table of Contents
Copyright © 2002 by Macmillan Reference USA
|
