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Table of ContentsVOLUME 1PREFACE ............................ v FOR YOUR REFERENCE .............. vii LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS ............ xiii AActive Transport ..................... 1 Adaptation .......................... 3 Adrenal Gland ....................... 5 Aging, Biology of .................... 7 Agriculture ......................... 10 Agronomist ........................ 13 AIDS ............................. 14 Alcohol and Health .................. 17 Algae ............................. 20 Alternation of Generations ............ 22 Amino Acid ........................ 24 Amniote Egg ....................... 25 Amphibian ......................... 26 Anabolic Steroids ................... 27 Anatomy of Plants ................... 29 Angiosperms ....................... 31 Animalia ........................... 34 Annelid ............................ 36 Antibodies in Research ............... 37 Antibody .......................... 39 Antisense Nucleotides ................ 41 Arachnid ........................... 42 Archaea ........................... 43 Arthropod ......................... 46 Autoimmune Disease ................ 47 BBacterial Cell ....................... 48 Bacterial Diseases ................... 52 Bacterial Genetics ................... 53 Bacterial Viruses .................... 58 Beer-making, Biology of .............. 59 Behavior, Genetic Basis of ............ 60 Behavior Patterns ................... 63 Biochemist ......................... 65 Biodiversity ........................ 66 Biogeochemical Cycles ............... 68 Biogeography ....................... 70 Bioinformatics ...................... 71 Biological Weapons ................. 74 Biology ............................ 76 Biology of Race ..................... 77 Biome ............................. 79 Biotechnology ...................... 80 Bird .............................. 80 Birth Control ....................... 82 Blood ............................. 84 Blood Clotting ...................... 86 Blood Sugar Regulation .............. 87 Blood Vessels ....................... 89 Body Cavities ....................... 91 Bone .............................. 93 Bony Fish .......................... 95 Botanist ........................... 96 Brain .............................. 97 Bryophytes ........................ 104 Buffon, Count (Georges-Louis Leclerc) ........................ 106 CC4 and CAM Plants ................ 107 Cambrian Explosion ................ 108 Cancer ........................... 110 Carbohydrates ..................... 112 Carbon Cycle ..................... 114 Cardiovascular Diseases ............. 115 Carson, Rachel .................... 117 Cartilaginous Fish .................. 118 Cell .............................. 119 Cell Culture ....................... 122 Cell Cycle ........................ 124 Cell Division ...................... 127 Cell Evolution .................... 127 Cell Junctions ..................... 129 Cell Motility ...................... 130 Cell Wall ........................ 132 Central Nervous System ............. 134 Chemoreception ................... 135 Chloroplast ....................... 137 Chordata ......................... 138 Chromosome Aberrations ............ 139 Chromosome, Eukaryotic ............ 143 Circulatory Systems ................ 149 Clinical Trials ..................... 151 Clone ............................ 152 Cnidarian ......................... 155 Coffee, Botany of .................. 155 College Professor .................. 156 Community ....................... 157 Competition ....................... 159 Conifers .......................... 162 Connective Tissue .................. 164 Conservation ...................... 165 Control of Gene Expression .......... 170 Control Mechanisms ................ 177 Convergent Evolution ............... 181 Coral Reef ........................ 183 Creationism ....................... 185 Crick, Francis ..................... 187 Crocodilians ....................... 188 Crustacean ........................ 189 Cyanobacteria ..................... 190 Cytokinesis ........................ 191 Cytoskeleton ...................... 193 DDarwin, Charles ................... 197 De Saussure, Nicolas-Théodore ....... 199 Dentist ........................... 200 Desert ............................ 201 Desertification ..................... 204 Development ...................... 205 Differentiation in Plants ............. 212 Digestion ......................... 217 Digestive System ................... 219 Disease ........................... 221 DNA ............................ 222 DNA Sequencing .................. 224 DNA Viruses ...................... 227 Doctor, Family Practice ............. 228 Doctor, Specialist .................. 229 Drug Testing ...................... 232 Dubos, René ...................... 233 PHOTO AND ILLUSTRATION CREDITS ....................... 235 GLOSSARY ........................ 243 TOPIC OUTLINE ................... 263 INDEX ............................ 273 VOLUME 2FOR YOUR REFERENCE ............... v EEchinoderm ......................... 1 Ecological Research, Long-Term ....... 3 Ecology ............................ 4 Ecology, History of ................... 5 Ecosystem .......................... 7 Electron Microscopy ................. 10 Electrophoresis ..................... 13 Emergency Medical Technician ........ 15 Endangered Species ................. 16 Endocrine System ................... 18 Endocytosis ........................ 22 Endoplasmic Reticulum .............. 25 Entomologist ....................... 27 Environmental Health ............... 28 Enzymes ........................... 29 Epidemiologist ...................... 36 Epithelium ......................... 37 Estuaries ........................... 38 Ethnobotany ....................... 40 Eubacteria ......................... 41 Eudicots ........................... 43 Evolution .......................... 44 Evolution, Evidence for .............. 52 Evolution of Plants ................. 55 Excretory Systems ................... 60 Exocytosis ......................... 62 Extinction ......................... 64 Extracellular Matrix ................. 68 Extreme Communities ............... 69 Eye ............................... 72 FFeeding Strategies ................... 74 Female Reproductive System .......... 77 Fetal Development, Human ........... 81 Field Studies in Animal Behavior ....... 85 Field Studies in Plant Ecology ......... 87 Fire Ecology ....................... 89 Flight ............................. 91 Flowers ............................ 93 Forensic DNA Analysis ............... 94 Forest, Boreal ...................... 97 Forest, Temperate ................... 99 Forest, Tropical .................... 101 Forester .......................... 105 Fruits ............................ 105 Fungal Diseases .................... 108 Fungi ............................ 109 GGas Exchange ..................... 114 Gene ............................. 117 Gene Therapy ..................... 124 Genetic Analysis ................... 125 Genetic Code ..................... 129 Genetic Control of Development ..... 131 Genetic Counselor ................. 135 Genetic Diseases ................... 136 Genome .......................... 140 Genomics ......................... 141 Global Climate Change ............. 145 Glycolysis and Fermentation ......... 148 Golgi ............................ 150 Grain ............................ 153 Grasses ........................... 155 Grassland ......................... 156 Gray, Asa ......................... 158 Growth ........................... 158 Gymnosperms ..................... 161 HHabitat ........................... 163 Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium ........ 164 Harvey, William ................... 166 Health ........................... 167 Health and Safety Officer ............ 169 Hearing .......................... 169 Heart and Circulation ............... 172 Herbal Medicine ................... 176 Herbivory and Plant Defenses ........ 178 High School Biology Teacher ........ 180 History of Agriculture ............... 180 History of Biology: Biochemistry . . . . . . 182 History of Biology: Cell Theory and Cell Structure ....................... 186 History of Biology: Inheritance ....... 189 History of Evolutionary Thought ..... 192 History of Medicine ................ 196 History of Plant Physiology .......... 198 Homeostasis ....................... 201 Hormones ........................ 203 Hormones, Plant ................... 206 Horticulturist ...................... 208 Human Evolution .................. 208 Human Genome Project ............. 212 Human Nutrition .................. 217 Human Population ................. 219 Hybridization ...................... 220 Hybridization, Plant ................ 221 Hypothalamus ..................... 222 PHOTO AND ILLUSTRATION CREDITS ....................... 227 GLOSSARY ........................ 235 TOPIC OUTLINE ................... 255 INDEX ........................... 265 VOLUME 3FOR YOUR REFERENCE ............... v IImaging in Medicine .................. 1 Immune Response .................... 4 Ingenhousz, Jan ...................... 7 Insect .............................. 7 Invasive Species ..................... 10 Ion Channels ....................... 12 KKidney ............................ 15 Kingdom .......................... 17 Krebs Cycle ........................ 18 LLaboratory Technician ............... 20 Lakes and Ponds .................... 21 Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste ............... 23 Landscape Ecology .................. 24 Leakey Family ...................... 26 Learning ........................... 26 Leaves ............................ 28 Leeuwenhoek, Antony von ............ 30 Lichen ............................ 31 Life Cycle, Human .................. 32 Life Cycles ......................... 34 Life, What Is ....................... 37 Light Microscopy ................... 38 Limnologist ........................ 42 Linkage and Gene Mapping ........... 42 Linnaeus, Carolus ................... 47 Lipids ............................. 48 Liver .............................. 50 Locomotion ........................ 50 Lymphatic System ................... 52 Lysosomes ......................... 54 MMale Reproductive System ............ 56 Mammal ........................... 59 Marine Biologist .................... 60 Marsupial .......................... 62 Mating Systems ..................... 62 McClintock, Barbara ................. 64 Medical Assistant .................... 65 Medical/Science Illustrator ............ 65 Meiosis ............................ 66 Membrane Proteins .................. 70 Membrane Sructure ................. 73 Membrane Transport ................ 76 Mendel, Gregor ..................... 80 Meristems ......................... 81 Metabolism, Cellular ................. 84 Metabolism, Human ................. 87 Microbiologist ...................... 90 Microscopist ....................... 91 Migration .......................... 92 Mimicry, Camouflage, and Warning Coloration ....................... 93 Mitochondrion ..................... 94 Mitosis ............................ 98 Model Organisms: Cell Biology and Genetics ....................... 101 Model Organisms: Physiology and Medicine ....................... 102 Mollusk .......................... 105 Monocots ......................... 106 Monotreme ....................... 108 Muscle ........................... 108 Musculoskeletal System ............. 112 Mutation ......................... 115 Mycorrhizae ....................... 119 NNatural Selection .................. 121 Nematode ........................ 124 Nervous Systems ................... 125 Neurologic Diseases ................ 129 Neuron ........................... 131 Nitrogen Cycle .................... 135 Nitrogen Fixation .................. 136 Nonspecific Defense ................ 138 Nuclear Transport ................. 140 Nucleolus ......................... 142 Nucleotides ....................... 144 Nucleus .......................... 145 Nurse ............................ 148 Nurse Practitioners ................. 148 Nutritionist ....................... 149 OOcean Ecosystems: Hard Bottoms ..... 150 Ocean Ecosystems: Open Ocean . . . . . . 151 Ocean Ecosystems: Soft Bottoms . . . . . . 153 Oncogenes and Cancer Cells ......... 154 Organ ............................ 158 Organelle ......................... 159 Organic Agriculture ................ 159 Origin of Life ..................... 161 Osmoregulation .................... 165 Oxidative Phosphorylation ........... 168 PPain ............................. 170 Paleontology ...................... 171 Pancreas .......................... 173 Parasitic Diseases ................... 174 Pasteur, Louis ..................... 176 Patterns of Inheritance .............. 177 Pauling, Linus ..................... 184 Pedigrees and Modes of Inheritance . . . 186 Peripheral Nervous System .......... 189 Peroxisomes ....................... 191 Pharmaceutical Sales Representative . . . 192 Pharmacologist .................... 192 Pheromone ....................... 193 Photoperiodism .................... 195 Photosynthesis ..................... 196 Physical Therapist and Occupational Therapist ....................... 200 Physician Assistant ................. 201 Physiological Ecology ............... 202 Pituitary Gland .................... 205 Plankton .......................... 205 Plant ............................. 207 Plant Development ................. 208 Plant Nutrition .................... 214 Plant Pathogens and Pests ........... 216 Plant Pathologist ................... 219 Plasma Membrane .................. 220 Platyhelminthes .................... 222 Poisonous Plants ................... 223 Poisons ........................... 224 Pollination and Fertilization .......... 227 Pollution and Bioremediation ........ 228 Polymerase Chain Reaction .......... 232 Population Dynamics ............... 233 Population Genetics ................ 235 Porifera .......................... 239 Porter, Keith ...................... 240 PHOTO AND ILLUSTRATION CREDITS ....................... 243 GLOSSARY ........................ 251 TOPIC OUTLINE ................... 271 INDEX ............................ 281 VOLUME 4FOR YOUR REFERENCE ............... v PPredation and Defense ................ 1 Primate ............................. 4 Prion .............................. 5 Propagation ......................... 6 Protein Structure ..................... 7 Protein Synthesis .................... 13 Protein Targeting ................... 19 Protista ............................ 21 Protozoa ........................... 23 Protozoan Diseases .................. 26 Psychiatric Disorders, Biology of ....... 27 Psychiatrist ......................... 30 Psychoactive Drugs .................. 31 Pteridophytes ....................... 33 Public Health Careers ................ 35 RRadiation Hybrid Mapping ........... 36 Radionuclides ....................... 38 Recombinant DNA .................. 38 Remote Sensing ..................... 46 Replication ......................... 47 Reproduction in Plants ............... 52 Reproductive Technology ............ 60 Reptile ............................ 62 Respiration ......................... 63 Retrovirus ......................... 66 Reverse Transcriptase ................ 68 Rhythms of Plant Life ............... 69 Ribosome .......................... 71 Rivers and Streams .................. 73 RNA .............................. 75 RNA Processing .................... 77 Roots ............................. 78 SScaling ............................ 81 Science Writer ...................... 83 Secondary Metabolites in Plants ....... 84 Seed Germination and Dormancy . . . . . . 86 Seedless Vascular Plants .............. 88 Seeds ............................. 89 Senescence ......................... 91 Separation and Purification of Biomolecules ..................... 93 Sex Chromosomes ................... 94 Sex Determination .................. 96 Sexual Reproduction ................. 98 Sexual Reproduction, Evolution of .... 101 Sexual Selection .................... 104 Sexually Transmitted Diseases ........ 106 Shoots ........................... 110 Signaling and Signal Transduction .... 112 Skeletons ......................... 118 Skin ............................. 120 Sleep ............................. 121 Slime Molds ....................... 124 Smoking and Health ................ 126 Social Behavior .................... 127 Sociobiology ...................... 131 Soil .............................. 132 Speciation ........................ 134 Species ........................... 136 Spinal Cord ....................... 137 Stress Response .................... 139 Structure Determination ............. 141 Symbiosis ......................... 142 Synaptic Transmission .............. 145 TT Cells ........................... 148 Taxonomy, History of .............. 151 Temperature Regulation ............. 154 Theoretical Ecology ................ 157 Thyroid Gland .................... 158 Tissue ............................ 159 Torrey, John ...................... 160 Touch ............................ 161 Transcription ...................... 162 Transfer RNA ..................... 166 Transgenic Techniques .............. 167 Translocation ...................... 168 Transplant Medicine ................ 172 Transposon ....................... 174 Tropisms and Nastic Movements ..... 175 Tuatara ........................... 176 Tundra ........................... 177 Tunicate .......................... 178 Turtle ............................ 179 VVaccines .......................... 180 Vacuole .......................... 182 van Helmont, Jan .................. 183 Vavilov, Nikolay ................... 183 Vesalius, Andreas ................... 184 Veterinarian ....................... 185 Viral Diseases ..................... 186 Virus ............................. 187 Vision ............................ 188 Vitamins and Coenzymes ............ 190 von Humboldt, Alexander ........... 192 WWater ............................ 192 Water Cycle ...................... 193 Water Movement in Plants .......... 193 Watson, James ..................... 196 Wetlands ......................... 197 Wildlife Biologist .................. 199 Wine-making, Botany of ............ 200 Wood and Wood Products .......... 201 ZZoology .......................... 204 Zoology Researcher ................ 204 PHOTO AND ILLUSTRATION CREDITS ....................... 207 GLOSSARY ........................ 215 TOPIC OUTLINE ................... 235 CUMULATIVE INDEX ............... 245 |
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