Photo and Illustration Credits

Volume 1

p. 13: Acne on young woman's face, photograph by Biophoto Associates. National Audubon Society Collection/Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission; p. 18: Macrophotograph of adhesive, photograph. © Astrid & Hanns Frieder Michler/Science Photo Library, The National Audubon Society Collection/Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced with permission; p. 25: Protesters pulling up genetically modified crops from a field, sign: "genetix snowball," Banbury, Oxfordshire, England, c. 1990–1999, photograph. © Adrian Arbib/Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 26: Lab technician removing tissue from a sunflower plant for genetic engineering projects, photograph by Lowell Georgia. Corbis. Reproduced by Corbis Corporation;p. 31: Interior of alchemy laboratory used by John Dee and Edward Kelley, ca. 1585, Powder Tower, Prague, Czechoslovakia, photograph. © Guy Lynon Playfiar/Fortean Picture Library; p. 41: Rhazes, woodcut. The Granger Collection, Ltd. Reproduced by permission; p. 46: Urine drug testing lab, Kansas City, MO, 1995, photograph by Edward L. Lallo. The Picture Cube. Reproduced by permission; p. 50: Bottle of Amoxil (100ml) and a spoon, photograph. © 2003 Kelly A. Quin. Reproduced by permission; p. 58: Arrhenius, Svante, photograph. © Hulton-Deutsch Collection/Corbis. Reproduced by permission;p. 63: Diet Pepsi in a glass, sitting next to a Pepsi can, two packets of Equal sweetener in front, photograph by Kelly A. Quin. Reproduced by permission; p. 70: Gas pillars in Eagle Nebula, view from Hubble Space Telescope (HST), photograph. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); p. 73: Saints and Sinners, sculpture by Marshall M. Fredericks, photograph. © 2003 Kelly A. Quin. Reproduced by permission; p. 95: Tungsten crystal, magnified 2,7000,000 times, through a super-powered Muller Field Ion Microscope invented by Dr. Erwin W. Muller, photograph. © Bettmann/Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 97: Avery, Oswald (with petri dish), photograph. AP/Wide World Photos, Inc. Reproduced by permission; p. 101: Baekeland, Leo, standing in laboratory, photograph. Brown Brothers, Sterling, PA. Reproduced by permission; p. 110: Becquerel, Antoine Henri, photograph. © Bettmann/Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 113: Berthollet, Claude Louis, photograph. © Stefano Bianchetti/Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 115: Microtechnology, circuit board, satellite spacecraft transmitter, photograph by Brownie Harris. Stock Market. Reproduced by permission; p. 118: Jellyfish floating in dark water (glowing yellow/orange/red) off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, 1991, photograph by M. Youngbluth. OAR/National Undersea Research Program (NURP)/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; p. 127: Woman pouring chlorine bleach into washing machine, photograph by Robert J. Huffman. FieldMark Publications. Reproduced by permission; p. 129: Danish physicist Niels Bohr, leaning on his right forearm, wearing dark suit, white shirt with wing collar, some physics apparatus partially visible at left, c. 1940s, photograph. © Hulton-Deutsch Collection/Corbis. Reproduced by permission;p. 131: Boltzmann, photograph. Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 143: Robert Boyle, standing in laboratory with Denis Papin, engraving. UPI/Corbis-Bettmann. Reproduced by permission; p. 145: Bragg, Sir William, photograph. © Hulton-Deutsch Collection/Corbis. Reproduced by permission;p. 147: Bragg, Sir Lawrence, demonstrating an experiment. © Hulton-Deutsch Collection/Corbis. Reproduced by permission;p. 150: Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm, photograph. © Bettmann/Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 154: Espresso machine and cups of coffee, photograph. © Patrik Giardino/Corbis. Reproduced by Corbis Corporation; p. 155: Worker upon a flotation device sprays an acid lake with agricultural lime, done in attempt to counteract the continuing inflow of acidifying materials in waterways, photograph. © Ted Spiegel/Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 158: Inspectors viewing contents of parcel on X-ray monitors, photograph. AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission; p. 160: Cannizzaro, Stanislao, photograph. © Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 166: Allotropes, a pencil sitting next to a diamond, photograph by Paul Silverman. Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission; p. 168: An atmospheric chemist with evapotranspiration measuring instrument, photograph. National Center for Atmospheric Research/University Corporation for Atmospheric Research/National Science Foundation 1016;p. 169: Chemist, standing at lab bench, photograph by Martha Tabor. Working Images Photographs. Reproduced by permission; p. 171: Researcher spraying decontamination foam in a laboratory to test neutralization of chemicals used as chemical weapons, photograph by © Randy Montoya/Sandia National Laboratories/Science Photo Library. Photo Researchers. Reproduced by permission; p. 173: Manufacturing of nylon carpet fibers, photograph by Ted Horowitz. The Stock Market. Reproduced with permission; p. 175: Carver, George Washington (blowing into tube that is inserted into a beaker), photograph. The Library of Congress; p. 180: Cavendish, Henry, photograph. Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission;p. 183: Woman, painting ceramic figure, photograph. © AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission; p. 187: Top of cigarette lighter, photograph by Robert J. Huffman. FieldMark Publications. Reproduced by permission; p. 189: Chadwick, James, photograph by A. Barrington Brown. Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission; p. 192: Chappelle, Emmet W., with bacteria detector, photograph. Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 193: Chardonnet, Louis Marie Hilaire Bernigaud, photograph. © Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 199: Molecular graphics, photograph by Ken Eward. BioGrafx/Science Source, National Audubon Society Collection/Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission; p. 200: Combustion of sulfur, photograph. © Lawrence Migdale/Science Source/National Audubon Society Collection/Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced with permission; p. 207: Woman, wearing a uniform, holding three Chemiluminescence lightsticks, photograph. © Photo Researchers. Reproduced by permission; p. 211: High dose chemotherapy (boy in baseball cap and glasses), photograph. Custom Medical Stock Photo. Reproduced by permission; p. 217: Chevreul, Michel Eugene, portrait. The Library of Congress; p. 231: Two calves cloned from cells found in cow's milk, Japan, photograph. AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission; p. 235: Hands holding pieces of coal, coal-fired power plant in background., photograph. ©Tim Wright/CORBIS. Reproduced by permission; p. 242: Fibroblast and collagen fibers, photograph. © Cmeabg-ucbl. Photo Researchers. Reproduced by permission; p. 244: An Electronic sign on Interstate 287, in Parsippany, New Jersey, photograph. AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission; p. 249: Light passing through NaOh (left), and colloidal mixture (right), photograph by Charles D. Winters. Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission; p. 253: Robot adds solution and stirs DNA samples from New York Terrorism victims, photograph by Douglas C. Pizac. AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission; p. 255: Pople, John, Sugar Land, Texas, 1998, photograph Brett Coomer. AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission; p. 268: Cori, Carl F. and Gerty T. Cori, photograph. The Library of Congress; p. 270: Rust, oxidation of ferrous metal bolt, photograph by Matt Meadows. Peter Arnold, Inc. Reproduced by permission; p. 283: Multicelled human embryo 2.5 days after it was removed from the womb and stored cryogenically at the Bourn Hall Fertility Clinic, Cambridgeshire, England, photograph. AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission; p. 285: CAT scan, photograph. © 1990 Terry Qing/FPG International Corp. Reproduced by permission; p. 287: Human brain with Parkinson's Disease showing atrophy, Computerized Axial Tomography, CAT, scan. © GJLP/CNRI/Phototake. Reproduced by permission; p. 289: Curie, Marie, photograph. AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission.

Volume 2

p. 2: Dalton, John, engraving. The Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division; p. 3: Davy, Sir Humphrey, portrait. Corbis Bettmann. Reproduced with permission; p. 6: Broken egg, photograph by Arthur Beck. Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 7: Sunny side up egg, photograph by Japack Company/Corbis. Reproduced by permission;p. 12: Dewar, Sir James, portrait. The Library of Congress; p. 14: A female patient undergoing a cerebral angiography, photograph by Laurent. Photo Researchers. Reproduced by permission; p. 18: Baby wearing a disposable diaper, photograph by Elizabeth Thomason. Copyright © 2003 Elizabeth Thomason. Reproduced by permission; p. 23: DNA, computer graphics, photograph by Clive Freeman. Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission;p. 25: Dupont, Eleuthere Irenee, engraving. Archive Photos, Inc. Reproduced by permission; p. 27: Textiles, fabric dyes, photograph by Randy Duchaine. Stock Market. Reproduced by permission; p. 31: Ehrlich, Paul, in laboratory, 1908, photograph. Liaison Agency/Hulton Getty. Reproduced by permission; p. 32: Einstein, Albert, photograph. Archive Photos. Reproduced by permission; p. 40: Hitchings, George, Gertrude Elion, photograph. AP/Wide World. Reproduced by permission;p. 43: Wheelchair racers participating in a marathon in Washington, D.C., photograph by Joe Sohm. Chromosohm/Stock Connection/PictureQuest. Reproduced by permission; p. 45: Electronic display (concentric octagons) of energies from subatomic particles, photograph. Newman Laboratory of Nuclear Science, Cornell University, National Audubon Society Collection/Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission; p. 51: Leachate from the Dowelanco plant in Lafayette, Indiana, photograph by Sandra Marquardt. Greenpeace. Reproduced by permission; p. 52: Chemicals being sprayed on agricultural land on the Everglades Park border, Florida, photograph. Earth Scenes/© Arthur Gloor. Reproduced by permission; p. 55: Enzyme, lock-and-key model of interaction, drawing by Hans & Cassidy. Gale Research; p. 58: Chemical reaction, nitric acid, photograph. © LevyYoav/Phototake NYC. Reproduced by permission; p. 69: Reed, Ken and Peter Mckay, taking part in a demonstration against embryonic stem cell research outside of George Washington University Hospital, photograph by Kamenko Pajic. AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission; p. 70: Harman, Jane, holding up a support sign of stem cell research, at a press conference, outside the Capitol building, in WashingtonD.C., photograph by Shawn Thew. Getty Images. Reproduced by permission; p. 75: Nuclear explosion at sea, photograph by PHOTRI. Stock Market. Reproduced by permission; p. 78: Engraving of Professor Faraday delivering a lecture at the Royal Institution, London, photograph. © Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 86: Fermi, Enrico, photograph. © Bettmann/Corbis. Reproduced by Corbis Corporation; p. 88: Truck applying fertilizer in rice field, photograph by Thomas Del Brase. Stock Market. Reproduced by permission; p. 92: Carpet trader in Sarajevo. Photograph. David Reed/Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 94: Dacron polyester fibers, photograph. © Science Photo Library, The National Audubon Society Collection/Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced with permission; p. 95: Colored scanning electron micrograph of eyelashes growing from the surface of human skin, photograph. Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission;p. 100: Torchlight parade, photograph by Byron Hertzler. AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission; p. 103: Fleming, Sir Alexander, photograph. Corbis-Bettmann. Reproduced with permission; p. 107: Supermarket deli worker waiting on a customer, photograph by Jeff Zaruba. Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 109: Forensic scientist, removing a fragment of material from a bloodstained garment recovered from a crime scene for DNA testing, photograph by Dr. Jurgen Scriba. Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission; p. 111: Lab Agent Kathy Dressel works on DNA evidence in the murder of JonBenet Ramsey at the Colorado Bureau of Investigation, Boulder, Colorado, photograph. AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission; p. 118: Motorist filling up his automobile gas tank at a Union 76 gas station in San Francisco, California, photograph. © Reuters Newsmedia Inc./Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 124: Franklin, Rosalind, British X-ray Crystallographer, photographer. Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission;p. 127: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; p. 129: Buckministerfullerene, photograph by Laguna Design. Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission;p. 132: Open microwave oven on kitchen counter, photograph by Robert J. Huffman. FieldMark Publications. Reproduced by permission; p. 137: Photograph by Kelly A. Quin. Copyright © 2003 Kelly A. Quin. Reproduced by permission; p. 138: Soil tilth test using compost (open palm with dirt), photograph by Robert J. Huffman/Field Mark Publications. Reproduced by permission; p. 149: Gay-Lussac, Joseph Louis, photograph. Archive Photos, Inc. Reproduced by permission; p. 153: Diamonds, a mixture of natural and synthetic, shapes and sizes, photograph by Sinclair Stammers. Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission;p. 154: Handful of gems that were found in a bucket of dirt at a mine near Franklin, North Carolina, photograph by Raymond Gehman. Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 158: Lab technician removes corn embryos to be grown in controlled conditions for desired genetic traits at the Sungene Technologies Lab, Palo Alto, CA, photograph. © Lowell Georgia/Corbis. Reproduced by permission;p. 161: Gibbs, Josiah Willard (three-quarter view from his right, wide bow tie), engraving. The Library of Congress; p. 167: The Artsgarden (glass vault), Indianapolis, Indiana, photograph by Shawn Spence. The Indianapolis Project. Reproduced by permission; p. 177: Goodyear, Charles, sketch. The Library of Congress; p. 179: Zion National Park, Utah, photograph by Robert J. Huffman. Field Mark Publications. Reproduced by permission; p. 183: Haber, Fritz, photograph. © Austrian Archives/Corbis. Reproduced by permission;p. 188: Karen getting hair highlighted by stylist Patti (unseen), sheet of foil under lock of hair, at Maximillian's Salon, photograph by Kelly A. Quin. Reproduced by permission;p. 192: The first blobs of isolated aluminum, photograph. © James L. Amos/Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 193: Chlorine gas, in a clear jar, photograph by Martyn F. Chillmaid. Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission; p. 197: Heisenberg, W., (second from left) discussing with the staff of the Russian Stand, the adiabatic trap "Ogra", photograph. © Bettmann/Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 202: Worker with the California Transportation Department riding on the front of a truck and spraying herbicide, photograph by Ed Young. Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 207: Heyrovsky, Jaroslav, portrait. The Library of Congress; p. 208: Hodgkin, Dorothy, photograph. Archive Photos, Inc./Express Newspapers. Reproduced by permission; p. 216: Chlorine plant in Louisiana, photograph. © Royalty Free/Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 223: Petrochemical plant at dusk, photograph by Jeremy Walker. Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission;p. 233: Protease inhibitor, photograph by Leonard Lessin. Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission; p. 239: Tent caterpillars, (making cocoon), photograph by Edward S. Ross. Copyright E. S. Ross. Reproduced by permission; p. 241: Ladybug on a green stalk, photograph by Robert J. Huffman. Field Mark Publications. Reproduced by permission; p. 253: Sandwich meats in a supermarket, photograph by Todd Gipstein. Corbis. Reproduced by permission.

Volume 3

p. 1: Kekule, Friedrich, photograph. Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission;p. 3: Kelsey, Frances Oldham, photograph. The Library of Congress; p. 5: Khorana, Har Gobind, photograph. AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission; p. 8: Acid dehydration of sugar, photograph by David Taylor. Science Photo Library, National Audubon Society Collection/Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission;p. 10: Krebs, Hans Adolf, photograph. The Library of Congress; p. 16: Lavoisier, Antoine-Laurent, photograph. The Library of Congress; p. 17: Instruments from Lavoisier's lab, portrait. The Library of Congress; p. 18: Lawrence, Ernest (with atom smasher), photograph. Corbis-Bettmann. Reproduced by permission; p. 23: Le Bel, Joseph Achille, photograph. Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission; p. 24: Leblanc, Nicholas, photograph. Bettmann/Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 28: Leloir, LuisF., photograph. UPI/Corbis-Bettmann. Reproduced by permission; p. 29: Lewis, Gilbert N., photograph. Corbis-Bettmann. Reproduced by permission; p. 34: Liebig, Justes von, portrait. The Library of Congress;p. 40: Transmission electron micrograph of lipid droplets in a rat fat cell, magnified x 90,000, photograph by David M. Phillips, The Population Council/Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission; p. 41: Woman holding a digital fishfinder, photograph. © AFP/Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 45: Waterstrider bug, photograph. © Hermann Eisenbeiss, National Audubon Society Collection/Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission;p. 46: Liquids, viscosity, photograph. © Yoav Levy/Phototake NYC. Reproduced by permission; p. 48: Lister, Joseph, photograph. © Bettmann/Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 50: Lonsdale, Kathleen, photograph. AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission; p. 52: False-color angiogram showing stenosis in the carotid artery, photograph by Alfred Pasteka. © CNRI/Science Photo Library, National Audubon Society Collection/Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission.p. 56: Bar magnet with iron filings showing field of force (bright blue background), photograph. Grantpix/Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission; p. 60: Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 1946, photograph. © Bettmann/Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 62: Martin, Archer, photograph by Nick Sinclair. Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission; p. 63: Red sports car, photograph. © Royalty Free/Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 67: Maxwell, James Clerk, engraving. The Library of Congress; p. 69: Post-mounted sundial in a Bolivian town, photograph. © John Slater/Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 72: Teenage girl being weighed on large scale, photograph by Robert J. Huffman. Field Mark Publications. Reproduced by permission; p. 74: Hahn, Otto, standing with Lise Meitner, photograph. Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission; p. 77: Mendeleev, Dmitri Ivanovich, in the chemical factory of the University of St. Petersburg, photograph. © Bettmann/Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 82: Landfill with aluminum drum for mercury waste, photograph. Recio/Greenpeace. Reproduced by permission; p. 83: Ritalin tablets, photograph. © Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission; p. 85: Lothar von Meyer, Julius, photograph. Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission;p. 86: Millikan, Robert A., photograph. The Library of Congress; p. 88: Stratas of banded liassic limestone and shale on a seacliff by Chinch Gryniewicz. Ecoscene/Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 89: Matrix of diamond, photograph. U. S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); p. 104: Chaney, Michael wearing special 3-D glasses to view a computer model of Fluoxetine, or Prozac. Lilly Research Labs, Indianapolis, February 22, 1994, photograph. Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 115: Three-dimensional computer model of a protein molecule of matrix porin found in theE. Coli bacteria, photograph. © Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 118: Two models which represent the arrangement of atoms in a chemical molecule, illustration. Tek Image/Science Photo Library. Photo Researcher, Inc. Reproduced by permission;p. 122: Moseley, Henry, photograph. Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission;p. 124: Six-legged frog, photograph. JLM Visuals. Reproduced by permission; p. 130: Coffee shop sign at the Pike Place Public Market, Seattle, Washington, ca. 1990, photograph by Stuart Westmorland. CORBIS/Stuart Westmorland. Reproduced by permission; p. 132: Professor Walther Nernst of Berlin University, Nobel Prize winner for physics, in his laboratory, photograph. © Bettmann/Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 137: Diagram showing transmitting and receiving neurons and the role of serotonin in communication between one neuron and the next, illustration by Frank Forney; p. 143: Photovoltaic cell powered desalination system, Saudi Arabia, photograph. Mobil Solar Energy Corporation/Phototake NYC. Reproduced by permission; p. 144: Newton, Sir Isaac (oval frame, allegorical elements surrounding), engraving. The Library of Congress; p. 153: Hand pouring liquid nitrogen into beaker, photograph. © David Taylor/Photo Researchers. Reproduced by permission; p. 155: Nobel, Alfred (wearing suit, checked bow tie), drawing. The Library of Congress;p. 158: Scientist from University of California—Berkley studying helium gas being released from a hot spring in Yellowstone National Park, photograph. © James L. Amos/Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 168: Lasers focus on a small pellet of fuel in attempt to create nuclear fusion reaction, photograph. © Roger Ressmeyer/Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 169: Seaborg, Glenn, photograph by Lawrence Berkeley. Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission;p. 172: Nuclear reactors, interior of the containment building, photograph by Mark Marten. Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission; p. 174: Nuclear fusion, computer simulation, photograph by Jens Konopka and Henning Weber. Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission;p. 178: Magnetic Resonance Imaging System (room with equipment and viewing machine), photograph by Mason Morfit. FPG International Corp. Reproduced by permission; p. 181: Colored positron emission tomography (PET) scans comparing the brain of a depressed person (top) with the brain of a healthy person, illustration. © Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission;p. 192: Oppenheimer, Dr. J. Robert, atomic physicist and head of the Manhattan Project, photograph. National Archives and Records Administration; p. 209: Ostwald, Friedrich Wilhelm, portrait. The Library of Congress;p. 211: Doctor communicating with a patient lying in a pressure chamber and undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy, photograph by James King-Holmes/Science Photo Library. Reproduced by permission; p. 214: Woodcut from "Works", of Paracelsus ca. 1580 edition, of Mercury in its alchemical form as Azoth, photograph. Fortean Picture Library. Reproduced by permission; p. 218: © Kevin Fleming/Corbis. Reproduced by permission;p. 220: Pasteur, Louis, photograph. Hulton Deutsch Collection/Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 222: Pauli, Wolfgang, photograph by Zurich Bettina. Courtesy of CERN-European Organization for Nuclear Research. Reproduced by permission; p. 223: Pauling, Linus, proponent of heavy vitamin C use, tossing an orange, photograph. © Roger Ressmeyer/Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 225: Penicillin, photograph by Andrew McClenaghan, photograph. Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission;p. 229: Early Periodic Table, portrait. The Library of Congress; p. 234: Worker in protective photograph by Ed Young. Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 238: Smith, Billy, Drilling Foreman, seated at Drake Well, photograph. AP/Wide World. Reproduced by permission; p. 241: Man in red hardhat standing on bluish oil refinery equipment, yellow flames from burning natural gas at top right, photograph. © Lowell Georgia/Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 249: The first known photograph of a courtyard outside Niepce's room, photograph. The Bettmann Archive/Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 256: Hot water vaporizing as it is thrown into air during minus 35-degree Fahrenheit temperature, Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, Minnesota, USA, photograph © Layne Kennedy/Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 258: X-ray diffraction crystallography, photograph by James King Holmes. OCMS/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission; p. 259: Several open cans of paint in an assortment of colors, photograph by Matthias Kulka. Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 262: Planck, Max, photograph. © Bettmann/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.

Volume 4

p. 5: Travolta, John, with Karen Lynn Gorney in a scene from "Saturday Night Fever," photograph. The Kobal Collection. Reproduced by permission; p. 12: Ghost crab walking among a sandy shoreline, photograph. Sapelo Island National Estuarine Research Reserve. Reproduced by permission; p. 30: Priestley, Joseph, engraving. International Portrait Gallery; p. 38: Scientist adjusts equipment used in fast protein liquid chromatography, photograph. Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission;p. 50: Spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, (chart) illustrations by Robert L. Wolke. Reproduced by permission; p. 52: Radioactive emission of alpha particles from radium, yellow sunburst, dark blue background, photograph. Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission; p. 58: International mobile radiological radiologists measuring soil radioactivity levels near Ukraine's Chernobyl Nuclear Plant, wearing protective clothing, from International Mobile Radiological Laboratories, near Chernobyl, Ukraine, photograph. © Reuters NewsMedia Inc./Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 60: Radon test kit and carbon monoxide detector, photograph by Robert J. Huffman. Field Mark Publications. Reproduced by permission; p. 63: Ramsay, William, portrait. The Library of Congress; p. 65: Reaction rate, illustration. GALE Group. Studio: EIG;p. 74: Bragg, Kevin, photograph. © James A. Sugar/Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 80: Open electric oven showing the glowing red heating element, photograph by Robert J. Huffman. FieldMark Publications. Reproduced by permission; p. 86: Robinson, Robert, portrait. The Library of Congress; p. 89: Captured German V-2 rocket cuts through the clouds during experiment, 1947, photograph. AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission; p. 90: Full-scale operational model of the Mars Viking Lander, photograph by Lowell Georgia/Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 97: Rubidium, photograph. © Russ Lappa/Science Source, National Audubon Society Collection/Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission;p. 99: Rutherford, Ernest, Walton (left to right), Ernest Rutherford, and J.D. Cockcroft, standing together outside, photograph. © Hulton-Deutsch Collection/Corbis; p. 103: Large pile of salt at a salt mine, October 29, 1996, Upington, South Africa, photograph. © Charles O'Rear/Corbis; p. 106: Sanger, Frederick looking up at model of DNA molecule, photograph. © Bettmann/Corbis. Reproduced by Corbis Corporation; p. 108: Scheele, Carl Wilhelm, portrait. The Library of Congress; p. 110: Schrodinger, Professor Erwin of Magdalen College, Oxford, winner of the 1933 Nobel Prize in Physics along with Professor P.H.M. Dirac of Cambridge University, England, November 18, 1933, photograph. © Bettmann/Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 111: Seaborg, Glenn T., photograph. © Roger Ressmeyer/Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 115: Seibert, Florence, photograph. AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission; p. 116: Dish of selenium, photograph. © Rich Treptow, National Audubon Society Collection/Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission; p. 117: Person holding a conventional tub amplifier, photograph. © Bettmann/Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 120: Micro wires, silicon chip, photograph by Andrew Syred. The National Audubon Society Collection/Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission;p. 122: Worker testing silicon wafers at the Matsushita Semiconductor plant in Puyallup, Washington, c. 1994, photograph. © Kevin R. Morris/Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 131: Soddy, Frederick, drawing. The Library of Congress; p. 132: Sodium acetate hot pack reacting, photograph by Charles D. Winters. Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission; p. 149: Solution of water and oil, droplets are exposed to polarized light, magnification, photograph by David Spears. © Science Pictures Limited/Corbis; p. 154: Electron spectroscopy, chemical analysis, photograph by Joseph Nettis. Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission;p. 157: Stanley, Wendell Meredith, photograph. The Library of Congress; p. 159: Staudinger, Hermann, portrait. The Library of Congress; p. 161: Steel worker sampling molten metal, photograph by John Olson. Stock Market. Reproduced by permission; p. 164: Steel Bridge, Portland, Oregon, photograph by James Blank. © James Blank. Reproduced by permission; p. 167: Hand holding 50 mg bottle of the injectable anabolic steroid Durabolin, photograph. Custom Medical Stock Photo. Reproduced by permission; p. 169: Razor blade cutting powder form of the drug Speed into lines for snorting, photograph. Science Photo Library. Reproduced by permission; p. 174: Germinating garden pea Pisum Sativum, showing embryonic root growing downward, macrophotograph, photograph. © J. Burgess/Photo Researchers. Reproduced by permission; p. 176: Rayleigh, 3rd Baron (JohnW. Strut, III), drawing. The Library of Congress; p. 179: Vat of sulfur, photograph by Farrell Grehan. Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 180: Sumner, James B., portrait. The Library of Congress; p. 182: Meissner effect, cube floating above a superconductor, photograph by Yoav Levy. Phototake NYC. Reproduced by permission;p. 187: Scanning tunneling microscope image of sulfur atoms on rhodium surface, photograph by Dr. James Batteas. National Institute of Standards and Technology; p. 187: Topographic image of a reconstructed silicon surface showing outermost atomic positions, photograph of Dr. James Batteas. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Reproduced by permission; p. 189: Infrared near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) image of blended polystyrene/polyethylacrylate film on silicon, photograph by f Dr. Chris Michaels and Dr. Stephan Stranick, National Institute of Standards and Technology. Reproduced by permission; p. 189: Nanowriting of a mercaptbenzoic acid layer into a background layer of dodecanethiol using nanografting, photograph by Dr. Jayne Gerano, National Institute of Standards and Technology. Reproduced by permission; p. 191: Tractor riding past wind generators, photograph. © AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission; p. 192: Cutaway of the ITER tokamak device, photograph. Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission;p. 193: Svedberg, Theodor, portrait. The Library of Congress; p. 195: Synge, RichardL.M., photograph. The Library of Congress; p. 198: Organic chemist synthesizing chemotherapy agent, photograph by Geoff Tompkinson. Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission; p. 200: Szent Gyorgyi, Dr. Albert, Nobel Prize winner, discoverer of Vitamin C and bioflavinoids, photograph. © Bettmann/CORBIS. Reproduced by permission; p. 205: Photocopier in office, photograph by RobertJ. Huffman. FieldMark Publications. Reproduced by permission; p. 207: © Royalty-Free/Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 209: Yendell, Thomas, a Thalidomide baby, picks up a toy with his feet, photograph. AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission; p. 215: Thallium heart scan, photograph by Peter Berndt, M.D. Custom Medical Stock Photo. Reproduced by permission; p. 226: Thomson, Sir Joseph John, photograph. UPI/Corbis-Bettmann. Reproduced by permission; p. 227: Man, writing, being flanked by two other men watching. AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission; p. 228: Army medic, taking an x-ray of a fellow soldier simulating an injury, photograph. © Bettmann/Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 236: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, photograph by David Parler. National Audubon Society Collection/Photo Researchers Inc. Reproduced by permission; p. 241: Alchemist (seated left wearing eyeglasses) and his assistants, engraving. The Granger Collection, New York. Reproduced by permission; p. 244: Computer generated graphic of a molecule of hemoglobin-carrier of oxygen in the blood, photograph. © Science Photo Library. Photo Researchers. Reproduced by permission; p. 249: Urey, Harold, photograph. The Library of Congress; p. 253: Van Der Waals, Johannes Diderik, photograph. Science Photo Library. Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission; p. 255: Helmont, Jan (Baptise) Van (standing), print; p. 256: Hoff, Jacobus Henricus vant, photograph. Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission;p. 258: Banded gila monster, photograph by Renee Lynn. The National Audubon Society Collection/Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission; p. 261: Allesandro Volta, standing, body turned slightly to his left, painting. UPI/Corbis-Bettmann. Reproduced by permission; p. 263: Waksman, Selman A.(in laboratory), photograph. The Library of Congress.; p. 265: Molecular graphic of water molecules evaporating from a solution, photograph. © K. Eward/Photo Researchers. Reproduced by permission; p. 270: Dead fish, killed from water pollution, photograph. © U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service;p. 273: Newly treated water in the Orange County Water Treatment Works, Florida, photograph by Alan Towse. © Ecoscene/CORBIS. Reproduced by permission; p. 275: Watson, Dr. James Dewey, with DNA model, 1962, photograph. UPI/Corbis-Bettmann. Reproduced by permission; p. 277: Werner, Alfred, portrait. The Library of Congress; p. 279: Willstatter, Richard, photograph. Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission; p. 280: Wohler, Friedrich, portrait. The Library of Congress;p. 282: Woodward, Robert Burns (standing with unknown man, viewing book), photograph. The Library of Congress; p. 284: Cylindrical map of the eastern half of the surface of Venus, as viewed from the spacecraft Magellan, photograph. NASA/JPL/CALTECH. Reproduced by permission; p. 285: Yalow, Rosalyn, 1978, photograph. Corbis-Bettmann. Reproduced by permission; p. 288: Yukawa, Hideki (holding chalk, pointing to writing on board), photograph. The Library of Congress; p. 293: Kangaroo on the beach in Australia, photograph. © Australian Picture Library/Corbis. Reproduced by permission; p. 294: Zsigmondy, Richard, portrait. The Library of Congress.