A

Dictionary of American History, Third Edition
Stanley I. Kutler, Editor

© 2003 by Charles Scribner's Sons Charles Scribner's Sons is an imprint of The Gale Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Charles Scribner's Sons^® and Thomson Learning^™ are trademarks used herein under license.

For more information, contact

Charles Scribner's Sons
An imprint of the Gale Group
300 Park Avenue South
New York, NY 10010

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, or information storage retrieval systems—without the written permission of the publisher.

For permission to use material from this product, submit your request via Web at http://www.gale-edit.com/permissions, or you may download our Permissions Request form and submit your request by fax or mail to:

Permissions Department
The Gale Group, Inc.
27500 Drake Rd.
Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535
Permissions Hotline:
248-699-8006 or 800-877-4253, ext. 8006
Fax: 248-699-8074 or 800-762-4058

---

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA

Dictionary of American history / Stanley I. Kutler.—3rd ed.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 0-684-80533-2 (set : alk. paper)

1. United States—History—Dictionaries. I. Kutler, Stanley I.
E174 .D52 2003
973'.03—dc21

---

Printed in United States of America
10  9  8  7  6  5  4  3  2  1