Fig. 1. Die Nüw Welt. Sebastian Munster, c. 1550 …6
Fig. 2. Mondo Nuovo. Tomaso Porcacchi. Venice, 1576 …7
Fig. 3. Norumbega et Virginia. Cornelius van Wytfliet …8
Fig. 4. Provinciae Borealis Americae non itapridem dete ctae avt magis ab europaeis excvitae. Heinrich Scherer …9
Fig. 5. Carte systematique des pays septentrionaux de l'Asie et de l'Amérique …11

The Colonies …12

Fig. 6. Virginiae partis australis, et Floridae partis orientalis, interjacentiumq regionum Nova Descriptio. Arnoldus Montanus …12
Fig. 7. A Map of Virginia and Maryland …13
Fig. 8. A Map of New England, Being the first that was ever here cut …14
Fig. 9. A Mapp of New England by John Seller Hydrographer to the King …15
Fig. 10. A New Map of the Most Considerable Plantations of the English in America Dedicated to His Highness William Duke of Glocester …16
Fig. 11. New England, New York, New Jersey and Pensilvania. By H. Moll Geographer. An Account of ye Post of ye Continent of Nth America as they were Regulated by ye Postmasters Genl of ye Post House …17
Fig. 12. An Accurate Map of the English Colonies in North America bordering on the River Ohio …18

Exploration of the American Continent …19

Fig. 13. Unidentified French manuscript map of the Mississippi River, c. 1683 …19
Fig. 14. A Map of Louisiana and of the River Mississippi …20
Fig. 15. Carte de la Louisiane et du Cours du Mississippi …21
Fig. 16. A New Map of the River Mississippi from the Sea to Bayagoulas …22
Fig. 17. Louisiana, as formerly claimed by France, and now containing part of British America to the East & Spanish America to the West of the Mississipppi …23
Fig. 18. Carte de la Californie et des Pays Nordouest separés de l'Asie par le détroit d'Anian …24

Colonial Wars …25

Fig. 19. Plan of the City & Fortifications of Louisburg, from a Survey made by Richard Gridley, Lieut. Col. of the Train of Artillery in 1745 [with] A Plan of the City and Harbour of Louisburg …25
Fig. 20. Map of that part of America which was the Principal Seat of War in 1756 …27
Fig. 21. A Plan of the River St. Lawrence, from the Falls of Montmorenci to Sillery; with the Operations of the Siege of Quebec …28

The Revolutionary War …29

Fig. 22. Plan of the Town and Harbour of Boston and the Country adjacent with the Road from Boston to Concord Shewing the Place of the late Engagement between the King's Troops & the Provincials …29
Fig. 23. A Map of Part of Rhode Island, Showing the Positions of the American and British Armies at the Siege of Newport … 1778 …31
Fig. 24. A Plan of the Town of Boston with the Intrenchments &c of His Majesty's Forces in 1775 …32
Fig. 25. Plan of the Battle of Bunkers Hill June 17^th, 1775 …33
Fig. 26. A Map of the Country which was the scene of operations of the Northern Army; including the Wilderness through which General Arnold marched to attack Quebec …34
Fig. 27. A Map of the United States of America, As settled by the Peace of 1783 …35

The Early Republic …37

Fig. 28. A Plan of the Boundary Lines between the Province of Maryland and the Three Lower Counties of Delaware with Part of The Parallel of Latitude which is the boundary between the provinces of Maryland and Pennsylvania; A Plan of the West Line or Parallel of Latitude, which is the Boundary between the Provinces of Maryland and Pennsylvania. …38
Fig. 29. A Chorographical Map of the Northern Department of North America. Engraved Printed and Sold at New Haven …39
Fig. 30. An Exact Map of North America from the Best Authorities …40
Fig. 31. America, c. 1806 …41

The War of 1812 …42

Fig. 32. Plan of the Attack and Defence of the American Lines below New Orleans on the 8^th January, 1815 …43
Fig. 33. Plan showing the Attack made by a British Squadron on Fort Bowyer at Mobile Point on the 15^th September 1814 …44

The United States Expands …45

Fig. 34. North America, 1812 …46
Fig. 35. A Map of the eclipse of Feb.y 12^th (1831) in its passage across the United States …47
Fig. 36. Map of the Western Territory &c., 1834 …48
Fig. 37. Map of the Northern parts of Ohio, Indiana and Illinois with Michigan, and that part of the Ouisconsin Territory Lying East of the Mississippi River, 1836 …49
Fig. 38. North America, 1851 …50
Fig. 39. Sketch of the Lower portion of the White Fish River by John Palliser, Esq. 1857 …51

Texas and the Mexican War …52

Fig. 40. Map of Texas and the Country Adjacent, 1844 …53
Fig. 41. Ornamental Map of the United States & Mexico, 1848 …54
Fig. 42. Untitled map of U.S. and Mexico, 1849 …55

Transportation …56

Fig. 43. Map of the Country between the Atlantic & Pacific Oceans … shewing the proposed route of a Rail Road from the Mississippi Valley to the ports of St. Diego, Monterey, & St. Francisco, 1848 …56
Fig. 44. A Complete Map of the Feather & Yuba Rivers, with Towns, Ranches, diggings, Roads, distances, 1851 …57
Fig. 45. Map of the United States Shewing the principal Steamboat routes and projected Railroads connecting with St. Louis, 1854 …58

Gold Rush in California …59

Fig. 46. Run for Gold, from all nations, Geographically Explained, 1849 …60
Fig. 47. Map of the Gold Regions of California, 1849 …61
Fig. 48. Plan of Benicia, California; Founded by Thomas O. Larkin and R. Simple Esq'rs. 1847 …62
Fig. 49. California, 1855 …63

The Civil War …65

Fig. 50. Sketch of The Country occupied by the Federal & Confederate Armies on the 18^th & 21^st July 1861 …65
Fig. 51. Plan of Cantonment Sprague near Washington, D.C. May 1851 …66
Fig. 52. White House to Harrison's Landing, 1862 …68
Fig. 53. Map of the United States, Showing the Territory in Possession of the Federal Union, January 1864 …69

New York—The Development of a City …70

Fig. 54. Plan de Manathes ou Nouvelle Yorc, c. 1675 …70
Fig. 55. Reproduction of A Plan of the City of New York from an actual Survey, Made by James Lyne, 1728 …71
Fig. 56. Plan of the City of New York for the Use of Strangers, 1831 …72
Fig. 57. A map of Manhattan copyrighted by the Aug. R. Ohman Map Co. of New York in 1913 and issued as a publicity brochure by the Navarre Hotel …74
Fig. 58. Bird's Eye View of Manhattan …75
Fig. 59. Washington Post—The Day After …76

Section II: Primary Source Documents … 79

The Colonial Period …81

The Origin of the League of Five Nations …81
Charter to Sir Walter Raleigh …82
Starving in Virginia …84
The Mayflower Compact …86
Trial of Anne Hutchinson at Newton …87
An Act Concerning Religion …89
Untitled Poem …91
Massachusetts School Law …92
Evidence Used Against Witches …93
Excerpt from Voyages of the Slaver St. John …95
Earliest American Protest Against Slavery …97
Powhatan's Speech to John Smith …98
A Dialogue Between Piumbukhou and His Unconverted Relatives …99
Captivity Narrative of a Colonial Woman …101
Logan's Speech …103
Excerpt from Life and Adventures of Colonel Daniel Boon …104
Letter Describing Catholic Missions in California …107

Excerpt from The History and Present State of Virginia …109
Letter Describing Plantation Life in South Carolina …111
Spanish Colonial Official's Account of Triangular Trade with England …112
Maxims from Poor Richard's Almanack …113
Indentured "White Slaves" in the Colonies …114
The Writ of Assistance …116
Stamp Act …117
Patrick Henry's Resolves as Printed in the Maryland Gazette …120
Townshend Revenue Act …121
Massachusetts Circular Letter …122
The Continental Association …123

The Revolutionary War …127

"The Pennsylvania Farmer's Remedy" …127
Eyewitness Account of the Boston Massacre …128
Slave Andrew's Testimony in the Boston Massacre Trial …130
Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress …132
Address of the Continental Congress to Inhabitants of Canada …134
The Virginia Declaration of Rights …135
Excerpt from "Common Sense" …137
Declaration of Independence …139
Paul Revere's Account of His Ride …141
Battle of Lexington, American and British Accounts …143
Letters of Abigail and John Adams …144
A Soldier's Love Letter …146
Life at Valley Forge …147
Letters of Eliza Wilkinson …150
Correspondence Leading to Surrender …152

The Early Republic …153

Treaty with the Six Nations …153
Shays's Rebellion …154
From Annapolis to Philadelphia …156
The Call for Amendments …159
Constitution of the United States …169
Washington's Farewell Address …179
Madison's War Message …183

Expansion …187

Message on the Lewis and Clark Expedition …187
The Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition …191
Sleep Not Longer, O Choctaws and Chickasaws …199
Excerpt from Glimpse of New Mexico …201
The Monroe Doctrine and the Roosevelt Corollary …204
Life of Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kai-kiak, or Black Hawk …210
The Story of Enrique Esparza …212
Americans in Their Moral, Social and Political Relations …215
Mexican Minister of War's Reply to Manuel de la Peña y Peña …218
Message on the War with Mexico …219
National Songs, Ballads, and Other Patriotic Poetry, Chiefly Relating to the War of 1846 …221
Excerpt from The Oregon Trail …222
Excerpt from Memories of the North American Invasion …224
Fort Laramie Treaty …227
Excerpt from Across the Plains to California in 1852 …229
Excerpt from An Expedition to the Valley of the Great Salt Lake of Utah …233
A Pioneer Woman's Letter Home …238
Constitution of the Committee of Vigilantes of San Francisco …239
Excerpt from The Vigilantes of Montana …240
American Party Platform …242
Speech of Little Crow on the Eve of the Great Sioux Uprising …243
Excerpt from My Army Life …244
Excerpt from Roughing It …248
Account of Battle at Little Bighorn …253
Excerpt from Half a Century …255
Excerpt from A Century of Dishonor …257
A Letter from Wovoka …259
Women in the Farmers' Alliance …260
A Soldier's Account of the Spanish-American War …261
Anti-Imperialist League Platform …263
Gentlemen's Agreement …264

Slavery, Civil War, and Reconstruction …267

Text of the Pro-Slavery Argument …267
Excerpt from Notes Illustrative of the Wrong of Slavery …269
Excerpt from Running a Thousand Miles for Freedom …272
On the Underground Railroad …274
Excerpt from Sociology for the South … 276
Excerpt from The Impending Crisis of the South: How to Meet It …280
A House Divided …284
John Brown's Last Speech …286
The Nat Turner Insurrection …287
Excerpt from "The Crime Against Kansas" Speech …288
South Carolina Declaration of Causes of Secession …292
Benjamin Butler's Report on the Contrabands of War …294
A Confederate Blockade-Runner …296

Letter to President Lincoln from Harrison's Landing …298
Address to President Lincoln by the Working-Men of Manchester, England …299
Emancipation Proclamation …300
Gettysburg Address …302
Head of Choctaw Nation Reaffirms His Tribe's Position …302
Letters from Widows to Lincoln Asking for Help …303
Prisoner at Andersonville …304
Robert E. Lee's Farewell to His Army …308
President Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address …308
Congress Debates the Fourteenth Amendment …310
President Andrew Johnson's Civil Rights Bill Veto …317
Black Code of Mississippi …319
Police Regulations of Saint Landry Parish, Louisiana …323

Women's Rights …325

Excerpt from "On the Equality of the Sexes" …325
Human Rights Not Founded on Sex …327
When Woman Gets Her Rights Man Will Be Right …329
What If I Am a Woman? …331
Seneca Falls Declaration of Rights and Sentiments …332
Excerpt from Path Breaking …334

Industry and Labor …339

Civil Disobedience …339
Mill Worker's Letter on Hardships in the Textile Mills …340
Excerpt from The Principles of Scientific Management …342
Excerpt from The Theory of the Leisure Class …347
In the Slums …351
The Pullman Strike and Boycott …353
Women in Industry (Brandeis Brief) …357
Conditions in Meatpacking Plants …360
Bartolomeo Vanzetti's Last Statement …361

World War I …363

Excerpt from "The War in Its Effect upon Women" …363
Lyrics of "Over There" …364
Excerpt from Peace and Bread in Time of War…365
Letters from the Front, World War I …367
The Fourteen Points …368
Dedicating the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier …370

Great Depression …375

Advice to the Unemployed in the Great Depression …375

Letter to Franklin Roosevelt on Job Discrimination …376
Fireside Chat on the Bank Crisis …377
Excerpt from Land of the Spotted Eagle …379
Living in the Dust Bowl …384
Ford Men Beat and Rout Lewis …385
Excerpt from Power …388
Proclamation on Immigration Quotas …390

World War II …393

"America First" Speech …393
War Against Japan …396
Women Working in World War II …397
Hobby's Army …398
Total Victory …401
"War and the Family" Speech …403
The Japanese Internment Camps …405
Pachucos in the Making …407

The Cold War …411

Excerpt from "American Diplomacy" …411
The Testimony of Walter E. Disney Before the House Committee on Un-American Activities …413
A Personal Narrative of the Korean War …417
"War Story" …419
The History of George Catlett Marshall …424
General Douglas MacArthur's Speech to Congress …427
Censure of Senator Joseph McCarthy …428
Excerpt from The Blue Book of the John Birch Society …429
Eisenhower's Farewell Address …434
"Voice from Moon: The Eagle Has Landed" …435

Civil Rights …445

The Arrest of Rosa Parks …445
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee Founding Statement …446
An Interview with Fannie Lou Hamer …447
"Black Power" Speech …452

The Vietnam War …455

Excerpt from The Pentagon Papers …455
Statement by Committee Seeking Peace with Freedom in Vietnam …459
Lyndon B. Johnson's Speech Declining to Seek Re-election …462
Vietnamization and Silent Majority …467
Excerpts from Dear America: Letters Home from Vietnam …473
Nixon's Letter to Nguyen Van Thieu …474
The Christmas Bombing of Hanoi was Justified …475
The Fall of Saigon …477
Pardon for Vietnam Draft Evaders …479

The Late Twentieth Century …481

NOW Statement of Purpose …481
Excerpt from "Chicano Nationalism: The Key to Unity for La Raza" …484
Nixon's Watergate Investigation Address …486
"Constitutional Faith" Speech …489
Proclamation 4311, Nixon Pardon …491
Address on the Energy Crisis …492
Interrogation of an Iran Hostage …494
Excerpt from The New Right: We're Ready to Lead …495
Deming's Fourteen Points for Management …499
Excerpt from The New American Poverty …500
Report on the Iran-Contra Affair …504
Excerpt from Maya in Exile: Guatemalans in Florida …509
Address to the Nation: Allied Military Action in the Persian Gulf …515
Gulf War Story …518
Gulf War Letter …520
Clinton's Rose Garden Statement …522
Responses to Supreme Court Decision in Bush v. Gore…523
George W. Bush, Address to a Joint Session of Congress and the American People … 526

Acknowledgments … 531

CONTENTS