Case Index

HOW TO READ A CASE CITATION

A case citation tells the reader where the decision and opinion in a case have been reported. It gives, in shorthand form, all the information necessary to find a copy of the report.

The elements of a typical citation are the volume number, the name of the reporter or of the compilation, (the series number,) the page number of the first page of the report, (the court or jurisdiction,) and the year in which the case was decided. Any information that is unnecessary or inapplicable is omitted. Thus,384 U.S. 346 (1966) is the citation to the case reported in volume 384 of the United States Reports, beginning on page 346; the case (Miranda v. Arizona) was decided in 1966 by the Supreme Court of the United States. So far, there is only one series of volumes in the United States Reports, and all cases in the United States Reports are Supreme Court cases or matters disposed of by Supreme Court Justices. And 13 N.Y. 378 (1858) is the citation to the case reported in volume 13 of the New York Reports beginning on page 378; the case (Wynehamer v. People) was decided in 1858 by the New York Court of Appeals (the highest court of New York).

Many volumes of reports, especially reports of older cases, bear the name of the reporter rather than of the jurisdiction. Some volumes of reports, especially specialized volumes, have names indicating neither the reporter nor the jurisdiction. The table that follows lists the reports in which cases cited in this Encyclopedia are to be found:

U.S.	United States Reports
Dall.	Dallas (= United States Reports, vols. 1–4)
Cranch	Cranch (= U.S. Reports vols. 5–13)
Wheat.	Wheaton (= U.S. Reports vols. 14–25)
Pet.	Peters (= U.S. Reports vols. 26–41)
How.	Howard (= U.S. Reports vols. 42–65)
Black	Black (= U.S. Reports vols. 66–67)
Wall.	Wallace (= U.S. Reports vols. 68—90)
S.Ct.	West's Supreme Court Reporter (cited only when the citation to U.S. Reports was unavailable at the time of compilation)

F.	Federal Reporter (F. 2d = Federal Reporter, 2d series)
F. Supp.	Federal Supplement
F. Cas.	Federal Cases
Ct. Cl.	U.S. Court of Claims Reports
Dane Abr.	Dane's Abridgment of American Law
Gill & J.	Gill & Johnson (Maryland)
Pick.	Pickering (= Massachusetts Reports vols. 18–41)
Metc.	Metcalf (= Massachusetts Reports vols. 42–54)
Cush.	Cushing (= Massachusetts Reports vols. 55–66)
Gray	Gray (= Massachusetts Reports vols. 67–82)
Quincy	Quincy's Reports (Massachusetts)
Hals.	Halsted's New Jersey Reports
N.J. Super.	New Jersey Superior Court Reports
Abb. Prac.	Abbott's New York Practice Reports
Hill	Hill's New York Reports
Johns.	Johnson's New York Reports
Johns. Cas.	Johnson's New York Cases
N.Y.S.	New York Supplement (N.Y.S. 2d = N.Y. Supplement, 2d series)
Martin	Martin's North Carolina Reports
Serg. & R.	Sergeant & Rawles's Pennsylvania Reports
Whart.	Wharton's Pennsylvania Reports
Bay	Bay's South Carolina Reports
P.	West's Pacific Reporter (P. 2d = Pacific Reporter, 2d series)
State Abbreviations	Reports of the state's highest court
A.C.	Appeal Cases (English)
E.R.	East's King's Bench Reports (English)
Eng. Rep.	English Reports
How. St. Tr.	Howell's State Trials (English)
Mod.	Modern English Cases

Numbers in boldface refer to the main entry on the subject.

A

Abbate v. United States [359 U.S. 187 (1959)], 164

Abbott Laboratories v. Gardner [387 U.S. 136 (1967)],2279

Abington School District v. Schempp [374 U.S. 203 (1963)], 1, 167, 421, 855, 859, 1206, 1585, 1602, 2176–2177, 2322, 2370, 2372, 2541, 2833, 2856

Ableman v. Booth [21 How. 506 (1859)], 1–2, 4, 341, 409, 430,1160, 1248, 2432, 2650, 2654

Abood v. Detroit Board of Education [431 U.S. 209 (1977)], 4, 1552, 1553

Abrams v. United States [250 U.S. 616 (1919)], 15–17, 328,422, 426, 1046, 1127, 1135, 1264, 1296, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1670–1671, 1983, 1990, 2077, 2318, 2319, 2352, 2353, 2580, 2841, 2901, 2902, 2929

Adair v. United States [208 U.S. 161 (1908)], 25–26, 684, 838,920, 1115, 1162, 1163, 1175, 1268, 1547, 1572, 1642, 1709, 1911, 2278, 2571, 2744, 2896, 2897, 293

Adams v. New York [192 U.S. 585 (1904)], 2334

Adams v. Storey [1 F. Cas. 141, No. 66 (C.C.D. N.Y. 1817)],1635

Adams v. Tanner [244 U.S. 590 (1917)], 32

Adams v. Williams [407 U.S. 143 (1972)], 120, 2552

Adamson v. California [332 U.S. 46 (1947)], 33, 186, 187, 814, 815, 816, 830, 1008, 1086, 1102, 1231, 1233, 1267, 1271, 1355, 1665, 1769, 1896, 2037, 2293, 2302, 2744, 2796

Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Peña [505 U.S. 200 (1995)], 33–34, 57, 58, 401, 432, 469, 623, 917, 1845, 2108, 2169, 2456, 2538

Adderley v. Florida [385 U.S. 39 (1966)], 34, 816, 1082, 1213,2855

Addington v. Texas [441 U.S. 418 (1979)], 1718, 1884, 2060

Addyston Pipe & Steel Co. v. United States [175 U.S. 211(1899)], 106, 429, 1162, 1711

Adickes v. S. H. Kress & Co. [348 U.S. 144 (1970)], 444–445

Adkins v. Children's Hospital [261 U.S. 525 (1923)], 15, 35–36, 263, 284, 743, 797, 838, 845, 1115, 1313, 1699, 1710, 1715, 1760, 1761, 1764, 1869, 2281, 2310, 2509, 2529, 2544, 2571, 2626, 2635, 2639, 2752, 2878, 2882, 2921

Adler v. Board of Education of City of New York [342 U.S. 485(1952)], 22, 36, 1536, 2794

Aetna Life Insurance Co. v. Haworth [300 U.S. 227 (1937)], 51,2831

Aetna Life Insurance Co. v. Kennedy [301 U.S. 389 (1937)],2831

Afroyim v. Rusk [387 U.S. 253 (1967)], 59, 367, 957, 1077

Agins v. Tiburon [447 U.S. 255 (1980)], 889, 2510

Agnello v. United States [269 U.S. 20 (1925)], 61, 355, 2343

Agostini v. Felton [521 U.S. 203 (1997)], 61, 202, 1209, 1604,1846, 2179, 2426

Aguilar v. Felton [473 U.S. 402 (1985)], 61, 63, 202, 1209,1603, 1842, 2375, 2378

Aguilar v. Texas [378 U.S. 108 (1964)], 63–64, 1327, 1368,2024, 2330–2331, 2469

Agurs, United States v. [427 U.S. 97 (1976)], 793, 972, 2004

Ah Sin v. Wittman [198 U.S. 500 (1905)], 2088

Air Pollution Variance Board of Colorado v. Western AlfalfaCorp. [416 U.S. 861 (1974)], 902

Ake v. Oklahoma [470 U.S. 68 (1985)], 64, 1680, 1719, 2045

Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health [462 U.S. 416 (1983)], 10, 192, 1175, 1841, 1843, 1870, 2206, 2207, 2208

Alabama Public Service Commission v. Southern Railway [341U.S. 341 (1951)], 19

Alabama v. King & Boozer [314 U.S. 1 (1941)], 1384

Alabama v. White [496 U.S. 325 (1990)], 1096

A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp v. United States. See Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States

Alaska, United States v. [521 U.S. 1 (1997)], 1840

Alberts v. California [354 U.S. 476 (1957)], 1538, 1837, 2296

Albertson v. Subversive Activities Control Board [382 U.S. 70(1965)], 64, 1335, 1385, 2578, 2581

Alden v. Maine [119 S.Ct. 2240 (1999)], 625, 777, 881, 904,2169, 2459

Alderman v. United States [394 U.S. 165 (1969)], 64–65, 1083,1857, 2335

Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education [396 U.S. 19(1669)], 65, 69, 773, 2854

Alexander v. United States [509 U.S. 544 (1993)], 985

Alfred Dunhill of London, Inc. v. Republic of Cuba [425 U.S.682 (1976)], 25

A.L.I.V.E., State v. See State v. A.L.I.V.E.

Allegheny Pittsburgh Coal Co. v. County Commission ofWebster County [488 U.S. 336 (1989)], 428–429, 840

Allen v. Alabama State Board of Education (1999) [164 F. 3d1347 (11th Cir. 1999)], 57

Allen v. Illinois [478 U.S. 364 (1986)], 1720, 2373

Allen v. McCurry [449 U.S. 90 (1980)], 193

Allen v. State Board of Elections [393 U.S. 544 (1969)], 2812

Allen v. Wright [468 U.S. 737 (1984)], 70, 122, 1844, 2473,2532

Allenberg Cotton Co. v. Pittman [419 U.S. 20 (1974)], 2517

Allen-Bradley Company v. Local Union #3 [325 U.S. 797(1945)], 70, 107, 1545

Allgeyer v. Louisiana [165 U.S. 578 (1897)], 32, 70, 241, 844–845, 1115, 1175, 1499, 1890, 2243, 2571

Allied Structural Steel Co. v. Spannaus [438 U.S. 234 (1978)],70–71, 677, 678, 1836

Allstate Insurance Co. v. Hague [450 U.S. 971 (1981)], 357,358, 960

Almeida-Sanchez v. United States [413 U.S. 266 (1973)], 71, 209

Alvarez-Machain, United States v. [504 U.S. 655 (1992)], 71–72

Amalgamated Food Employees Union v. Logan Valley Plaza[391 U.S. 308 (1968)], 1676, 1677, 1907, 2414, 2415, 2487

Ambach v. Norwick [441 U.S. 68 (1979)], 66, 72, 858, 2583

Amerada Hess Corp. v. Director, New Jersey Division ofTaxation [490 U.S. 66 (1989)], 83, 2516

American Banana Co. v. United Fruit Co. [213 U.S. 347(1909)], 958, 959

American Booksellers Assn., Inc. v. Hudnut [475 U.S. 1001(1986)], 1054, 1057, 1967–1968

American Civil Liberties Union v. Reno. See Reno v. ACLU

American Communications Association v. Douds [339 U.S. 382(1950)], 79, 187, 279, 1108, 1241, 2642, 2792, 2794

American Federation of Labor v. American Sash & Door Co.[335 U.S. 538 (1949)], 1458

American Insurance Company v. Canter [26 U.S. (I Pet.) 511 (1828)], 83, 563, 568, 569, 1019, 1589–1590, 1612, 1644, 1686, 2671, 2673

American Party of Texas v. White [415 U.S. 767 (1974)], 1942

American Power & Light Co. v. Securities and ExchangeCommission [329 U.S. 90 (1947)], 1768, 1796, 2079–2080

American Publishing Company v. Fisher [166 U.S. 464 (1897)],1517

American Steel Foundries v. Tri-City Labor Council [257 U.S.184 (1921)], 2638

American Tobacco Co., United States v. [221 U.S. 106 (1911)],455–456, 749, 1030, 1165, 2298, 2472, 2898, 2904

Amistad, The [40 U.S. (15 Pet.) 518 (1841)], 2555, 2654

Anderson, United States v. [17 U.S.C.M.A. 588, 38 C.M.R. 386(1968), 2505

Anderson v. Celebrezze [460 U.S. 780 (1983)], 158, 1942

Anderson v. Dunn [19 U.S. 204 (1821)], 1433, 1589

Anderson v. Laird [446 F. 2d 283 (D.C. Cir. 1971)], 2186

Anderson v. Liberty Lobby [477 U.S. 242 (1986)], 1609

Anderson v. Mt. Clemens Pottery Co. [328 U.S. 680 (1946)],967

Andrews v. Ballard [498 F. Supp. 1038 (S.D. Tex. 1980)],2328

Antelope, The [23 U.S. (10 Wheat.) 66 (1825)], 334

Anthony, United States v. [24 F. Cas. 833 (C.C. N.Y. 1877)(No., 14, 460)], 360, 361

Anthony v. County of Sacramento [898 F. Supp. 1435 (E. D. Cal. 1995)], 2092

Apex Hosiery Company v. Leader [310 U.S. 469 (1940)], 107

Apodaca v. Oregon [406 U.S. 404 (1972)], 264, 830, 1434–1435, 1510, 1517, 1518

Appalachian Electric Power Co., United States v. [311 U.S. 377(1940)], 107, 2866

Aptheker v. Secretary of State [378 U.S. 500 (1959)], 116, 187,1200, 1400, 1868, 1950, 2276, 2574, 2854

Archibald Freeland v. Heron, Lenox and Company [11 U.S.147 (1812)], 832

Argersinger v. Hamlin [407 U.S. 25 (1972)], 23, 116, 971, 1745,2262

Arguello v. United States [444 U.S. 860 (1855)], 2653

Arizona v. Evans [514 U.S. 1 (1995)], 2169

Arizona v. Fulminante [499 U.S. 279 (1991)], 1271, 2455

Arizona v. Hicks [480 U.S. 321 (1987)], 1913, 1914

Arizona v. Mauro [481 U.S. 520 (1987)], 1743, 2240

Arizona v. Robertson [486 U.S. 675 (1988)], 1743, 1744

Arizona v. Rumsey [467 U.S. 203 (1984)], 1869

Arizona v. Youngblood [488 U.S. 51 (1988)], 2032

Arizona Governing Committee v. Norris [463 U.S. 1073(1983)], 2393

Arizonans for Official English v. Arizona [520 U.S. 43 (1997)],20, 1197, 1759, 1848

Arkansas v. Sanders [442 U.S. 753 (1979)], 2332

Arkansas Educational Television Commission v. Forbes [523U.S. 666 (1998)], 470

Arkansas Writers' Project, Inc. v. Ragland [481 U.S. 221(1987)], 1055

Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing DevelopmentCorporation [429 U.S. 252 (1977)], 96, 116, 1586, 1593, 1875, 2107, 2220, 2862, 2945, 2947

Armour & Co. v. Wantock [323 U.S. 126 (1944)], 967

Armstrong, United States v. [517 U.S. 456 (1996)], 2058, 2059,2088

Arnett v. Kennedy [416 U.S. 134 (1974)], 118–119, 184, 898,1205, 2025, 2027, 2033, 2158

Arnold, Schwinn & Co., United States v. [388 U.S. 365 (1967)],2542

Arredondo, United States v. [31 U.S. (6 Pet.) 691 (1832)], 156

Ash, United States v. [413 U.S. 300 (1973)], 127, 962, 2264

Ashcraft v. Tennessee [320 U.S. 728 (1944)], 1924

Ashton v. Cameron County Water Improvement District [298U.S. 513 (1937)], 127–128, 161, 1767

Ashwander v. Tennessee Valley Authority [297 U.S. 288(1936)], 128, 142, 220, 1444, 1714, 2543, 2667, 2780

Associated Press v. NLRB [301 U.S. 103 (1937)], 921, 2819–2821

Associated Press v. Walker [388 U.S. 130 (1967)], 1805, 2709,2855

Association of Data Processing Service Organizations v. Camp[397 U.S. 150 (1970)], 2474

Atascadero State Hospital v. Scanlon [473 U.S. 234 (1985)],133, 193

Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Co., United States v.[233 U.S. 173 (1914)], 749, 1642, 1666

Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Co. v. Robinson [219U.S. 219 (1914)], 1642

Atlantic Coast Line Railroad v. Riverside Mills [219 U.S. 186(1911)], 2899

Atlas Roofing Co. v. Occupational Safety and Health Administration [430 U.S. 442 (1976)], 902, 2729

Atlee v. Laird [347 F. Supp. 689 (E.D. Pa 1972)], 2790

Attorney General of New York v. Soto-Lopez [476 U.S. 898(1986)], 137, 914, 2277, 2305

Austin v. Michigan Chamber of Commerce [494 U.S. 652(1990)], 139–140, 296, 688, 691, 1237, 2535

Austin v. United States [509 U.S. 602 (1993)], 985

Avery v. Midland County [390 U.S. 474 (1968)], 142, 2890,2892

Ayers, In re [123 U.S. 443 (1887)], 877

B

Babbitt v. United Farm Workers [442 U.S. 289 (1979)], 1867

Badham v. Eu [694 F. Supp. 664 (N.D. Cal. 1988)], 1189

Baehr v. Lewin [852 P. 2d 44 (Haw. 1993)], 147, 2307, 2309

Baehr v. Miike [910 P. 2d 112 (Haw. 1996)], 2309

Baggett v. Bullitt [377 U.S. 360 (1964)], 1867, 2776

Bailey, United States v. [444 U.S. 394 (1980)], 193, 194

Bailey v. Alabama [219 U.S. 219 (1911)], 151, 1310, 1897,2900

Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co. [259 U.S. 20 (1922)], 151–152, 349, 350, 1261, 1585, 1704, 1779, 2452, 2635, 2660

Bailey v. Richardson [341 U.S. 918 (1951)], 279, 946, 2792,2794

Bajakajian, United States v. [524 U.S. 321 (1998)], 985, 2056

Baker v. Carr [369 U.S. 186 (1962)], 152–153, 229, 233, 237,440, 500, 659, 869, 871, 1042, 1188, 1203, 1227, 1239, 1476, 1477, 1486, 1488, 1579, 1612, 1949, 1950, 1951–1952, 1953, 1987, 2131, 2132, 2133, 2138, 2202, 2210, 2227–2228, 2228, 2383, 2450, 2594, 2765, 2810, 2849, 2854, 2856, 2857, 2858, 2881

Bakery Drivers Local v. Wohl [315 U.S. 769 (1942)], 1550

Baldwin v. Fish & Game Commission [436 U.S. 371 (1978)],157, 2020

Baldwin v. Franks [120 U.S. 678 (1887)], 1024

Baldwin v. G.A.F. Seelig, Inc. [294 U.S. 511 (1935)], 314, 1864,2514, 2523

Baldwin v. New York [399 U.S. 66 (1970)], 157, 1516, 1745,2729

Ball, State v. See State v. Ball

Ball v. United States [470 U.S. 856 (1985)], 2158

Ballard, United States v. [322 U.S. 78 (1944)], 734, 1047, 2172,2190

Ballew v. Georgia [435 U.S. 223 (1978)], 157–158, 264, 1516,1517, 1518, 2441, 2727

Baltimore and Carolina Line v. Redman [295 U.S. 654 (1935)],2728

Baltimore City Department of Social Services v. Bouknight[493 U.S. 549 (1990)], 2241

Balzac v. Porto Rico [258 U.S. 398 (1922)], 1376, 2080, 2672

Banco Nacional de Cuba v. Sabbatino [376 U.S. 398 (1964)],25, 1077, 1390, 1468

Bancroft, United States v. [260 U.S. 706 (1922)], 2505

Bank of Augusta v. Earle [38 U.S. (13 Pet.) 519 (1839)], 156,325, 1710, 2648, 2653

Bank of Nova Scotia v. United States [487 U.S. 250 (1988)],1223

Bank of United States v. Deveaux [9 U.S. (5 Cranch) 61(1809)], 1705, 2653

Bank of United States v. Planters' Bank of Georgia [22 U.S. (9Wheat.) 904 (1824)], 25

Bantam Books, Inc. v. Sullivan [372 U.S. 58 (1963)], 161–162

Barber v. Page [390 U.S. 719 (1968)], 933

Barbier v. Connolly [113 U.S. 27 (1885)], 2508

Barclay v. Florida [463 U.S. 939 (1983)], 303

Barefoot v. Estelle [463 U.S. 880 (1983)], 162

Barenblatt v. United States [360 U.S. 109 (1959)], 155, 162–163, 187, 188, 421, 1193, 1241, 1305, 1595, 1596, 2772, 2867

Barker v. Hardway [394 U.S. 905 (1969)], 1082

Barker v. Wingo [407 U.S. 514 (1972)], 163, 2465–2467

Barnard v. Thorstenn [489 U.S. 546 (1989)], 1530

Barnes v. Glen Theatre, Inc. [501 U.S. 560 (1991)], 1830, 1832

Barr v. Matteo [360 U.S. 546 (1959)], 943

Barron v. Baltimore [32 U.S. (7 Pet.) 243 (1833)], 119, 178,722, 888, 1086, 1090, 1353, 1354, 1356, 1462, 1809, 2217, 2426, 2497, 2508, 2570

Barron v. Burnside [121 U.S. 186 (1887)], 585

Barron v. City of Baltimore [32 U.S. (7 Pet.) 243 (1833)], 163

Barrows v. Jackson [346 U.S. 249 (1953)], 163–164, 2223

Barsky v. Board of Regents [347 U.S. 442 (1954)], 231, 234

Bartels v. Iowa [262 U.S. 404 (1923)], 315

Bartkus v. Illinois [359 U.S. 121 (1959)], 164, 808

Bas v. Tingy [4 U.S. 322 (4 Dall. 37) (1800)], 549, 1756, 2505

Bassett v. Mayhew [137 U.S. 496 (1890)], 1889

Bates v. Little Rock [361 U.S. 516 (1960)], 1193, 1773

Bates v. State Bar of Arizona [433 U.S. 350 (1977)], 165, 190,193, 1109, 1868

Batson v. Kentucky [476 U.S. 79 (1986)], 165, 195, 1510, 1511,1514, 1680, 1898–1899, 2088, 2106, 2170, 2490, 2627, 2891

Bauman v. Ross [167 U.S. 348 (1897)], 1519

Bayard v. Singleton [1 Martin 42 (North Carolina, 1787)], 165–166, 541, 1756, 2462

Beacon Theatres, Inc. v. Westover [359 U.S. 500 (1958)], 166, 2388, 2726, 2730

Beal v. Doe [432 U.S. 438 (1977)], 194, 1665, 2205

Beauharnais v. Illinois [343 U.S. 250 (1952)], 167, 187, 815, 1130, 1235–1236, 1411, 1837, 1966, 2145, 2795

Beazell v. Ohio [269 U.S. 167 (1925)], 958

Beck v. Ohio [479 U.S. 89 (1964)], 2023, 2330

Bedford Cut Stone Co. v. Journeymen Stonecutters Association [273 U.S. 37 (1927)], 107, 167–168, 831, 2638

Behrens v. Pelletier [516 U.S. 299 (1996)], 1336

Beilan v. Board of Education [357 U.S. 599 (1958)], 2903

Bekins, United States v. [304 U.S. 37 (1938)], 128, 161, 1767

Bell v. Hood [327 U.S. 678 (1946)], 1344

Bell v. Maryland [378 U.S. 226 (1964)], 168, 816, 2420, 2486

Bell v. Wolfish [441 U.S. 520 (1979)], 205, 729, 2005, 2244

Belle Terre (Village of) v. Boraas [416 U.S. 1 (1974)], 973, 1123–1124, 1757, 2574

Bellotti v. Baird [443 U.S. 622 (1979)], 6, 2208

Belmont, United States v. [301 U.S. 324 (1937)], 168, 737, 942, 951, 1073, 1390, 1909–1910, 1997

Benanti v. United States [355 U.S. 96 (1955)], 873, 1774

Bender v. Williamsport [475 U.S. 534 (1986)], 168–169, 906

Bendix Autolite Corp. v. Midwesco Enterprises, Inc. [486 U.S. 888 (1988)], 2517

Bennett, United States v. [24 F. Cas. 1093, No. 14, 571 (C.C.D. N.Y. 1879)], 2748

Bennis v. Michigan [517 U.S. 1163 (1996)], 2056

Benton v. Maryland [395 U.S. 784 (1969)], 169–170, 722, 808, 1355, 1676, 1875, 2039, 2856

Berea College v. Kentucky [211 U.S. 45 (1908)], 170, 1168, 1890

Berger v. New York [388 U.S. 41 (1967)], 170, 187, 873, 874, 971, 1296, 1527

Berman v. Parker [348 U.S. 26 (1954)], 889, 2076, 2079, 2506

Bethel School District v. Fraser [478 U.S. 675 (1986)], 170, 351, 381, 860, 1134, 1281, 2535

Betts v. Brady [316 U.S. 455 (1942)], 170, 186, 280, 1102, 1193–1194, 1462, 1869, 2039, 2261, 2263, 2265, 2282, 2796

Bibb v. Navajo Freight Lines, Inc. [359 U.S. 520 (1959)], 171, 2514

Bigelow v. Virginia [421 U.S. 809 (1975)], 190, 193

Bishop v. Wood [426 U.S. 341 (1976)], 119, 184, 1888, 2026, 2029

Bishop Processing Company v. Gardner [275 F. Supp. 780 (1968)], 900

Biswell, United States v. [404 U.S. 983 (1972)], 44

Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics [403 U.S. 388 (1971)], 185, 192, 238, 652, 653, 739, 740, 741, 748, 979, 1218, 1344, 2708

Blackburn v. Alabama [361 U.S. 199 (1960)], 1923

Blackmer v. United States [284 U.S. 421 (1932)], 1765

Blanchette v. Connecticut General Insurance Corps. [419 U.S. 102 (1974)], 420

Bland, United States v. [283 U.S. 636 (1931)], 1198

Block v. Community Nutrition Institute [464 U.S. 991 (1984)], 1218

Block v. Hirsh [256 U.S. 135 (1921)], 2896

Blockburger v. United States [284 U.S. 299 (1932)], 809, 811, 982, 983, 985

Bloom v. Illinois [391 U.S. 194 (1968)], 435, 2729

Blum v. Bacon [457 U.S. 132 (1982)], 2587–2588

Blum v. Yaretsky [454 U.S. 815 (1982)], 200, 2492

Blyew v. United States [80 U.S. (13 Wall.) 581 (1872)], 200–201, 403, 2424, 2564

BMW of North America v. Gore [517 U.S. 559 (1996)], 2055, 2056, 2083

Board of Curators v. Horowitz [435 U.S. 78 (1978)], 201, 856

Board of Directors of Rotary International v. Rotary Club of Duarte [481 U.S. 537 (1987)], 1110, 1237, 2017, 2398

Board of Education v. Allen [392 U.S. 236 (1968)], 201–202, 348, 349, 1206, 1601, 2373, 2468, 2751–2752, 2856

Board of Education v. Nyquist [413 U.S. 757 (1973)], 349

Board of Education v. Pico [457 U.S. 853(1982)], 21, 202, 235, 351, 860, 1137, 1216

Board of Education v. Rowley [458 U.S. 176 (1982)], 860

Board of Education of Kiryas Joel Village School District v. Grumet [512 U.S. 687 (1994)], 202, 927, 1604, 1783, 2179, 2195, 2456

Board of Education of Oklahoma City Public Schools v. Dowell [498 U.S. 237 (1991)], 859

Board of Education of the Westside Community Schools v. Mergens [496 U.S. 226 (1990)], 203, 906, 1207, 1602, 2178, 2185, 2323

Board of Estimate of the City of New York v. Morris [489 U.S. 688 (1989)], 2890

Board of Public Utilities Commissioners v. Ynchausti [251 U.S. 401 (1920)], 1376

Board of Regents v. Roth [408 U.S. 564 (1972)], 203, 897, 1678, 2026, 2053, 2054, 2880

Board of Regents v. Tomanio [444 U.S. 939 (1980)], 2227

Board of Trade v. Olsen [262 U.S. 1 (1922)], 2416

Board of Trustees of State University of New York v. Fox [492 U.S. (1989)], 203–204, 462

Bob Jones University v. United States [461 U.S. 574 (1983)], 97, 204, 1237, 2017

Bob-Lo Excursion Co. v. Michigan [333 U.S. 28 (1948)], 204, 2795

Boddie v. Connecticut [401 U.S. 371 (1971)], 23, 204, 799, 1121, 1269, 1362, 2869, 2877

Boehner v. Anderson [809 F. Supp. 138 (D.D.C. 1992)], 2743

Boerne (City of) v. Flores [521 U.S. 507 (1997)], 625, 991, 992, 1092, 1531, 1824, 1845, 2169, 2182, 2195, 2456, 2504

Bogan v. Scott-Harris [523 U.S. 44 (1998)], 1335

Bolger v. Youngs Drug Product Corporation [463 U.S. 60 (1983)], 2206

Bolling v. Sharpe [347 U.S. 497 (1954)], 53, 179, 206–207, 253, 388, 912, 1172, 1265, 2015, 2099, 2408

Bollman, Ex parte, v. Swartwout [8 U.S. (4 Cranch) 75 (1807)], 207, 278, 1246, 2716

Bollman et al., United States v. [5 U.S. (1 Cranch) 373 (1807)], 705, 2284

Bolton v. Harris [395 F. 2d 642 (1968)], 1718, 1719

Bonaparte v. Camden & A. R. Co. [3 F. Cas. 821, No. 1, 617 (C.C.D. N.J. 1830)], 360

Bond v. Floyd [385 U.S. 116 (1966)], 2582, 2850

Bonham's Case [8 Coke 113b (English) (1610)], 207–208, 439, 512, 1286, 1473, 1865, 1866, 1888–1889

Bonitz v. Fair [804 F. 2d 164 (1st Cir. 1986)], 205

Booth v. Maryland [482 U.S. 496 (1987)], 208–209, 1889, 2369

Borden Milk Co. v. Barella [325 U.S. 679 (1945)], 1539

Bose Corporation v. Consumers Union of the United States, Inc. [466 U.S. 485 (1984)], 1377, 1805, 2709–2710

Boston Beer Co. v. Massachusetts [97 U.S. 25 (1878)], 211–212, 1350, 1829, 2507

Boston Firefighters Union, Local 718 v. Boston Chapter, NAACP [468 U.S. 1206 (1983)], 1760

Boston Stock Exchange v. State Tax Commission [429 U.S. 318 (1977)], 2521

Boston Water Power Co. v. Boston & Worcester Railroad [23 Pick. 360 (Mass. 1839)], 889

Bounds v. Smith [430 U.S. 817 (1977)], 23, 212

Bourjaily v. United States [483 U.S. 171 (1987)], 492

Bouvia v. Superior Court [179 Cal. App. 3d 1127 (1986)], 2269

Bowen v. Gilliard [483 U.S. 587 (1987)], 2876

Bowen v. Kendrick [487 U.S. 589 (1988)], 212–213, 924, 925, 1207, 1208, 1843, 2378–2379

Bowen v. Owens [476 U.S. 340 (1986)], 2397

Bowen v. Roy [486 U.S. 693 (1986)], 2380

Bowers v. Hardwick [478 U.S. 186 (1986)], 192, 213, 381, 400, 700, 1813, 1831, 1979, 2162, 2247, 2287, 2308, 2401, 2403, 2404, 2405, 2575–2576, 2577, 2891–2892, 2893

Bowie v. City of Columbia [378 U.S. 374 (1964)], 2223

Bowles v. Willingham [321 U.S. 503 (1944)], 886, 887, 2841

Bowlin v. Commonwealth [2 Bush 5 (Ky.) (1867)], 403

Bowman v. Chicago & Northwestern Railway [125 U.S. 465 (1888)], 213–214, 1266, 1698

Bowman v. Iowa [62 N.W. 729 (Iowa 1895)], 1168

Bowsher v. Synar [478 U.S. 714 (1986)], 214, 269, 621, 762, 949, 1454, 2536, 2889

Boyd v. Nebraska ex rel. Thayer [143 U.S. 135 (1892)], 1785

Boyd v. United States [116 U.S. 616 (1886)], 215–216, 218, 2141, 2236, 2334, 2339, 2340, 2767, 2872

Boynton v. Virginia [364 U.S. 454 (1960)], 136

Braden v. United States [365 U.S. 431 (1961)], 187, 1305

Bradfield v. Roberts [175 U.S. 291 (1899)], 348, 2371

Bradley v. Fisher [80 U.S. (13 Wall.) 335 (1872)], 1453

Bradwell v. Illinois [83 U.S. (16 Wall.) 130 (1873)], 218, 218, 342, 1185, 1199, 2392, 2612, 2920

Brady v. Maryland [373 U.S. 83 (1963)], 720, 793, 2004

Brady v. United States [397 U.S. 742 (1970)], 2367, 2831, 2891

Bram v. United States [168 U.S. 532 (1897)], 1923, 2237

Branch v. Texas [408 U.S. 238 (1972)], 309–310

Brandenburg v. Ohio [395 U.S. 444 (1969)], 225–226, 238, 427, 709, 724, 769, 770, 815, 1056, 1109, 1127, 1129, 1135, 1154, 1264, 1353, 1871, 1966, 2353, 2454, 2582, 2854, 2902

Brandon v. Guilderland [635 F. 2d 971 (2d Cir. 1980)], 906

Branti v. Finkel [445 U.S. 507 (1980)], 226, 892, 1886, 1939, 2535

Branzburg v. Hayes [408 U.S. 665 (1972)], 226–227, 271, 1143, 1145, 1215, 1976, 2199–2200, 2413, 2890, 2892

Brass v. North Dakota ex rel. Stoeser [153 U.S. 391 (1894)], 2414

Braswell v. United States [487 U.S. 99 (1988)], 227, 2241

Braunfeld v. Brown [366 U.S. 599 (1961)], 2191, 2412, 2584

Bray v. Alexandria Women's Health Clinic [506 U.S. 263 (1993)], 227, 2399–2400

Bread v. Alexandria [341 U.S. 622 (1951)], 461, 2795

Breard v. Greene [523 U.S. 371 (1998)], 71, 1081, 1390

Breed v. Jones [421 U.S. 519 (1975)], 1184, 1523

Breedlove v. Suttles [302 U.S. 277 (1937)], 228, 284, 1271, 1961, 2808

Breen v. Selective Service Local Board [396 U.S. 460 (1970)], 2790–2791

Breithaupt v. Abram [352 U.S. 432 (1957)], 229

Brewer v. Hoxie School District [238 F. 2d 91 (1956)], 2488

Brewer v. Williams [430 U.S. 378 (1977)], 242, 1922, 1929, 2238, 2264

Brewster v. United States [408 U.S. 501 (1972)], 242, 501, 2464

Bridges v. California [309 U.S. 649 (1941)], 187, 244, 426, 1102, 1149, 2076

Briggs v. Elliott [349 U.S. 294 (1954)], 748

Briggs v. McKellar [2 Abb. Prac. 30 (1855)], 1594

Bright, United States v. [24 F. Cas. 1232, No. 14642 (C.C.D. Pa. 1809)], 2859

Brignoni-Ponce, United States v. [422 U.S. 873 (1975)], 209

Brinegar v. United States [338 U.S. 160 (1949)], 244, 721, 1410, 2330

Briscoe v. Bank of Commonwealth of Kentucky [36 U.S. (11 Pet.) 257 (1837)], 162, 244–245, 1686, 1712, 2556–2557, 2648, 2651

Broadrick v. Oklahoma [413 U.S. 601 (1973)], 250–251, 1275, 1802, 1868, 2776–2777, 2887

Brock v. Roadway Express, Inc. [481 U.S. 252 (1987)], 2033

Brockett v. Spokane Arcades, Inc. [472 U.S. 491 (1985)], 251, 1867, 1968

Brolan v. United States [236 U.S. 216 (1915)], 1081

Bronson v. Kinzie [42 U.S. (1 How.) 311 (1843)], 251–252, 677, 1301, 2648, 2653

Bronson v. Rodes [74 U.S. (7 Wall.) 229 (1869)], 1753

Brooks v. United States [267 U.S. 432 (1925)], 1262

Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen v. Virginia [377 U.S. 1 (1964)], 1109

Broussard v. Patton [410 U.S. 942 (1972)], 2505

Brower v. County of Inyo [489 U.S. 543 (1989)], 2338

Brown, United States v. (1965), 174, 1561

Brown v. Allen [344 U.S. 443 (1953)], 253, 1245, 1250, 1253, 1255

Brown v. Board of Education [347 U.S. 483 (1954); 349 U.S. 294 (1955)], 5, 6, 15, 53, 69, 83, 88, 136, 153, 155, 206, 207, 210, 225, 229, 232, 237, 253–256, 273, 277, 280, 352, 375, 376, 380, 383, 388, 389, 390, 391, 394, 395, 396, 399, 411, 497, 510, 607, 630, 658, 664, 683, 700, 701, 725, 748, 771, 772, 774, 801, 818, 859, 863, 909–910, 991, 1002, 1008, 1025, 1042, 1086, 1229, 1265, 1267, 1373, 1393, 1449, 1458, 1485, 1488, 1528, 1579, 1615, 1631, 1645, 1676, 1678, 1740, 1744, 1748–1749, 1774, 1792, 1822, 1860, 1870, 1915, 1918, 1950, 1987, 2062, 2078, 2094, 2098, 2099, 2100, 2108, 2109, 2145, 2157, 2159, 2219, 2228, 2253, 2282, 2293, 2309–2310, 2320, 2321, 2355, 2369–2370, 2403, 2420, 2438, 2441, 2443, 2444, 2446, 2458, 2485–2486, 2594, 2608, 2610, 2615, 2677, 2696, 2713–2714, 2738, 2764, 2796, 2809–2810, 2814, 2849, 2852, 2853, 2855, 2857, 2858, 2879

Brown v. Glines [444 U.S. 348 (1980)], 117

Brown v. Louisiana [383 U.S. 131 (1966)], 1082, 2855

Brown v. Maryland [25 U.S. (12 Wheat.) 419 (1827)], 256, 341, 832, 1348, 1612, 1686, 1864, 2521, 2523, 2697–2698, 2908, 2923

Brown v. Mississippi [297 U.S. 278 (1936)], 256, 329, 1741, 1923, 1924, 2038, 2087, 2238, 2594

Brown v. Socialist Workers '74 Campaign Committee [459 U.S. 87 (1982)], 257, 295, 2535

Brown v. Texas [443 U.S. 47 (1979)], 826, 1913, 2023

Brown v. United States [12 U.S. (8 Cranch) 100 (1814)], 2554

Brown v. United States [381 U.S. 437 (1965)], 257, 1648, 2005

Brown v. Walker [161 U.S. 591 (1896)], 252, 257, 1334, 2236, 2414, 2747

Browning-Ferris Industries of Vermont Inc. v. Kelco Disposal Inc. [492 U.S. 257 (1989)], 2081–2082, 2710

Bruton v. United States [391 U.S. 123 (1968)], 480–481, 492, 933

Bryant v. Zimmerman [278 U.S. 63 (1928)], 1109

Buchanan v. Angelone [522 U.S. 269 (1998)], 306

Buchanan v. Warley [245 U.S. 60 (1917)], 259, 388, 909, 2219, 2222, 2354, 2484, 2900

Buck v. Bell [274 U.S. 200 (1927)], 259, 284, 789, 791–792, 840, 909, 973, 1296, 1298, 1720–1721, 2528

Buckley v. American Constitutional Law Foundation [525 U.S. 182 (1999)], 788, 1372

Buckley v. Fitzsimmons [509 U.S. 259 (1993)], 654, 1335

Buckley v. Valeo [424 U.S. 1 (1976)], 76, 91, 139–140, 155, 238, 257, 260, 274, 295, 296, 297, 298, 369, 872, 987, 1047, 1060, 1108, 1130, 1131–1132, 1216, 1275, 1827, 1932–1933, 1937, 1938, 1941, 1942, 2007, 2052, 2154, 2214, 2278, 2384, 2469, 2594, 2659, 2880, 2887, 2889, 2893

Buckley II. See Buckley v. American Constitutional Law Foundation

Budd v. New York [143 U.S. 517 (1892)], 199, 241, 1166, 1227

Budd v. State [117 N.Y. 621 (1889)], 1288

Bullington v. Missouri [451 U.S. 430 (1981)], 302, 810, 812

Bunting v. Oregon [243 U.S. 426 (1917)], 35, 36, 263, 421, 838, 845, 1639, 1699, 1764, 2572, 2635, 2881, 2896, 2900

Burbank v. Lockheed Air Terminal [411 U.S. 624 (1973)], 263, 901

Burch v. Louisiana [441 U.S. 130 (1979)], 264, 1517, 1518, 2727

Burdick v. Takushi [504 U.S. 428 (1992)], 264–265

Burford v. Sun Oil Company [319 U.S. 315 (1943)], 19, 20

Burlington (City of) v. Dague [505 U.S. 557 (1992)], 414

Burlington Industries, Inc. v. Ellerth [524 U.S. 742 (1998)], 2400

Burnet v. Coronado Oil & Gas Co. [285 U.S. 393 (1932)], 1869, 1987

Burnham v. Superior Court of California [495 U.S. 604 (1990)], 2162, 2163

Burns Baking Co. v. Bryan [264 U.S. 504 (1924)], 278, 2445

Burns v. Fortson [410 U.S. 686 (1973)], 831, 2275

Burns v. Ohio [360 U.S. 252 (1950)], 2262

Burns v. Reed (1991), 654, 1335

Burr, United States v. [4 Cranch 469 (1807)], 433, 953, 1488, 1673

Burr v. Duryee [68 U.S. (1 Wall.) 578 (1864)], 1230

Burroughs v. United States [290 U.S. 534 (1934)], 1941, 2007

Burson v. Freeman [504 U.S. 191 (1992)], 278–279

Burstyn, Inc., v. Wilson [343 U.S. 495 (1952)], 198, 279, 1147, 2189, 2794

Burton v. Wilmington Parking Authority [365 U.S. 715 (1961)], 200, 280, 420, 1411, 1758, 2486, 2492, 2854

Bush v. Kentucky [107 U.S. 110 (1883)], 1038, 2828

Bush v. Lucas [462 U.S. 367 (1983)], 653, 740, 1344

Bush v. Vera [517 U.S. 952 (1996)], 2137, 2159

Bushell's Case [6 How. St. Tr. 999 (English) (1670)], 282–283, 1512, 1892, 1894

Busher, United States v. [817 F. 2d 1409 (9th Cir. 1987)], 983

Butcher's Union Slaughterhouse v. Crescent City Slaughterhouse [111 U.S. 746 (1884)], 283, 2924

Bute v. Illinois [333 U.S. 640 (1948)], 280, 2261

Butler, United States v. [297 U.S. 1 (1936)], 62, 152, 284–285, 457, 458, 486–487, 1186, 1284, 1313, 1715, 1780, 1797, 2281, 2288, 2468, 2540, 2544, 2545, 2561, 2659, 2681, 2820, 2858, 2882

Butler v. McKellar [494 U.S. 407 (1990)], 2156

Butler v. Michigan [352 U.S. 380 (1957)], 285, 351

Butler v. Perry [240 U.S. 328 (1916)], 506

Butler v. United States [297 U.S. 1 (1936)], 697

Butterworth v. Smith [494 U.S. 624 (1990)], 1223

Butz v. Economou [438 U.S. 478 (1978)], 185, 285, 944, 1335

Byars v. United States [273 U.S. 28 (1925)], 2416

Byers v. Edmondson [712 So.2d 681 (1998)], 1154

C

C & A Carbone, Inc. v. Town of Clarkstown [511 U.S. 383 (1994)], 1010, 2518, 2864

Caban v. Mohammed [441 U.S. 380 (1979)], 973, 2395

Cabell v. Chávez-Salido [454 U.S. 432 (1982)], 66, 194, 368, 1331

Cadman, State v. See State v. Cadman

Calandra, United States v. [414 U.S. 338 (1974)], 290, 938, 1362, 1667, 2044, 2335

Calder v. Bull [3 U.S. (3 Dall.) 386 (1798)], 290, 337, 376, 561, 842, 844, 958, 1174, 1286–1287, 1404, 1883, 2209, 2225, 2424, 2570, 2603, 2649, 2783

Caldwell v. Jennison [Mass., unreported (1781)], 467, 1623

Calhoun v. Cook [332 F. Supp. 804 (1975)], 773–774

Califano v. Aznavorian [439 U.S. 170 (1978)], 2276

Califano v. Gautier Torres [435 U.S. 1 (1978)], 2080

Califano v. Goldfarb [430 U.S. 199 (1977)], 293, 2392, 2393, 2399, 2445, 2881

Califano v. Jobst [429 U.S. 1089 (1977)], 1671–1672

Califano v. Webster [430 U.S. 313 (1977)], 293, 2392, 2399

Califano v. Westcott [443 U.S. 76 (1979)], 293–294, 2391

California, Legislature of the State of v. Eu [816 P. 2d 1309 (Cal. 1991)], 2671

California, United States v. [297 U.S. 175 (1936)], 1211

California, United States v. [332 U.S. 19 (1947)], 1840

California, United States v. [381 U.S. 139 (1965)], 1840

California v. Acevedo [500 U.S. 565 (1991)], 2169

California v. Ciraolo [476 U.S. 207 (1986)], 712, 1093, 2140, 2141, 2337, 2342

California v. Green [399 U.S. 149 (1970)], 933

California v. Greenwood [486 U.S. 35 (1988)], 294, 1093, 2337

California v. Hodari [499 U.S. 621 (1991)], 2455

California v. LaRue [409 U.S. 109 (1972)], 1830, 2741

California v. Prysock [452 U.S. 355 (1981)], 2044

California v. Ramos [463 U.S. 992 (1983)], 303

California v. Thompson [312 U.S. 672 (1941)], 792

California v. Zook [336 U.S. 725 (1949)], 1988

California Federal Savings & Loan v. Guerra [479 U.S. 272 (1987)], 1844, 2397, 2399

California Medical Association v. FEC [453 U.S. 182 (1981)], 1933

Callins v. Collins [510 U.S. 1141 (1994)], 196, 306, 733

Calvin's Case [2 How. St. Tr. 559 (English) (1608)], 294, 363, 1227

Camara v. Municipal Court [387 U.S. 523 (1967)], 42, 43, 44, 294, 1095, 2331, 2333, 2336, 2341, 2767, 2891

Caminetti v. United States [242 U.S. 470 (1917)], 1294, 1396, 1777

Camps Newfound/Owatonna, Inc. v. Town of Harrison, Maine [520 U.S. 564 (1997)], 806, 2494–2495, 2524

Cannon v. University of Chicago [441 U.S. 677(1979)], 853, 1975, 2706

Canton (City of) v. Harris [485 U.S. 933 (1989)], 2158

Cantwell v. Connecticut [310 U.S. 296 (1940)], 179, 299, 734, 894, 1107, 1317, 2174, 2185, 2186, 2188, 2189, 2198

Canty v. Alabama [309 U.S. 629 (1940)], 1924

Capital Punishment Cases of 1972. See Furman v. Georgia; Jackson v. Georgia; Branch v. Texas

Capital Punishment Cases of 1976. See Green v. Oklahoma; Gregg v. Georgia; Jurek v. Texas; Proffitt v. Florida; Roberts v. Louisiana; Woodson v. North Carolina

Capitol Square Review and Advisory Board v. Pinette [515 U.S. 753 (1995)], 312–313, 2173, 2194

Caplin & Drysdale, Chartered v. United States [491 U.S. 617 (1989)], 983, 2043, 2112

Carey v. Board of Education [598 F. 2d 535 (1979)], 860, 2206

Carey v. Piphus [435 U.S. 247 (1978)], 739, 2350

Carey v. Population Services International [431 U.S. 678 (1977)], 182, 316–317, 1118, 1234, 1672, 2204, 2208, 2242, 2573

Carleson v. Remillard [406 U.S. 598 (1972)], 2877

Carlson v. Green [442 U.S. 940 (1980)], 185, 739, 740, 1344

Carlson v. Landon [342 U.S. 524 (1952)], 149, 150, 187, 2005

Carolene Products Company, United States v. [304 U.S. 144 (1938)], 317–318, 382, 383, 793, 794, 838, 845, 910, 1050, 1101, 1116, 1177, 1237, 1263, 1288, 1311, 1381, 1447, 1810, 1814, 1957–1958, 1990, 2121–2122, 2293, 2302, 2471, 2545, 2549, 2572, 2575, 2576, 2624

Carpenters & Joiners Union, Local No. 213 et al. v. Ritter's Cafe et al. [314 U.S. 595 (1942)], 1550, 1555

Carrington v. Bash [380 U.S. 89 (1965)], 2542

Carroll v. President and Commissioners of Princess Anne [393 U.S. 175 (1968)], 319

Carroll v. United States [267 U.S. 132 (1925)], 244, 319–320, 956, 1714, 2332, 2340, 2767

Carter v. Carter Coal Co. [298 U.S. 238 (1936)], 184, 314, 321, 457, 458, 459, 737, 743, 744, 1313, 1547, 1715, 1760, 1778, 2281, 2388–2389, 2415, 2543, 2560, 2820–2821

Carter v. Jury Commission of Greene County [396 U.S. 320 (1970)], 1510, 2728

Carter v. Texas [177 U.S. 442 (1900)], 1510

Carter v. West Feliciana Parish School Board [396 U.S. 290 (1970)], 773

Castanada v. Partida [430 U.S. 482 (1977)], 794, 2441

Causby v. United States [328 U.S. 256 (1946)], 2643

Central Greyhound Lines v. Mealey [334 U.S. 653 (1948)], 2494

Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corp. v. Public Service

Commission of New York [447 U.S. 557 (1980)], 190, 203, 204, 327, 461, 462, 463–464, 1969, 2351, 2801

Central Pacific Railroad Co. v. Gallatin [99 U.S. 727 (1879)], 2419–2420

Central Transportation Co. v. New York City [438 U.S. 104 (1978)], 2646

Cervantes v. United States [57 U.S. (16 How.) 619 (1854)], 2653

Chadwick, United States v. [433 U.S. 1 (1977)], 2332, 2344

Chae Chan Ping v. United States [130 U.S. 581 (1889)], 128–129, 130, 328, 356, 1071, 1163, 1328, 1329, 1330, 2801

Chamberlain v. Chandler [5 F. Cas. 413, No. 2, 575 (C.C.D. Ma. 1823)], 360

Chambers v. Florida [309 U.S. 227 (1940)], 185–186, 329, 383, 1924, 2238

Chambers v. Maroney [399 U.S. 42 (1970)], 329–330, 2332

Chambers v. Mississippi [405 U.S. 1205 (1973)], 480, 933–934, 1976

Champion v. Ames [188 U.S. 321 (1903)], 241, 330, 350, 586, 804, 821, 1161, 1244, 1261, 1290, 1294, 1666, 1704, 1709, 1777, 1830, 1890, 2414, 2583, 2895

Champion and Dickason v. Casey [Cir.Ct., Rhode Island (1792)], 330, 2602

Chandler v. Florida [449 U.S. 560 (1981)], 330, 972, 1143, 1151, 1152

Chandler v. Miller [620 U.S. 305 (1997)], 330–331, 824, 827

Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire [315 U.S. 568 (1942)], 331, 1042, 1056, 1128, 1141, 1769, 1808, 1838, 2189, 2744–2745, 2855

Chapman, In re [166 U.S. 661 (1897)], 1594, 1981

Chapman v. California [386 U.S. 18 (1967)], 260, 1107, 1109, 1237, 1270, 2045

Chapman v. Houston Welfare Rights Organization [441 U.S. 600 (1979)], 2227, 2889

Chapman v. United States [365 U.S. 610 (1961)], 2344

Chappell v. Wallace [462 U.S. 296 (1983)], 653

Charles River Bridge Company v. Warren Bridge Company [36 U.S. (11 Pet.) 420 (1837)], 162, 325, 331–334, 675, 1000, 1300, 1686, 2059, 2556, 2647–2648, 2648, 2650, 2653, 2698, 2783, 2883

Charlton v. Kelly [229 U.S. 447 (1913)], 1950

Chemical Waste Management, Inc. v. Hunt [504 U.S. 334 (1992)], 2864

Cherokee Indian Cases [5 Peters 1 (1831), 6 Peters 515 (1832)], 80, 343–345

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia [5 Pet. 1 (1831)], 81, 343–345, 1535, 2698

Chevron USA Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council [467 U.S. 837 (1984)], 269, 1599

Chicago v. Morales [527 U.S. 41 (1999)], 345

Chicago and Alton Railroad v. Tranbarger [238 U.S. 67 (1915)], 1350

Chicago and Southern Air Lines v. Waterman S. S. Corp. [333 U.S. 103 (1948)], 951

Chicago Board of Trade v. Olsen [262 U.S. 1(1923)], 456

Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad v. Chicago [166 U.S. 226 (1897)], 178, 345–346, 1267, 2079

Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad v. Illinois ex rel. Drainage Commissioners [200 U.S. 561 (1906)], 2508

Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co. v. Iowa [94 U.S. 155 (1877)], 1224–1225

Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad Co. v. Ackley [94 U.S. 179 (1877)], 1224–1225

Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway Co. v. Minnesota [134 U.S. 418 (1890)], 199, 217, 240–241, 322, 346, 970, 1166, 1227, 1559, 1572, 1734

Chimel v. California [395 U.S. 752 (1969)], 355, 2333, 2344, 2766, 2845

Chisholm v. Georgia [2 U.S. (2 Dall.) 419 (1793)], 198, 356, 497, 673, 876, 877, 878, 879, 1217, 1404, 1418, 1467, 1673, 1863, 2440, 2459, 2603, 2609, 2910

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints v. United States [136 U.S. 1 (1890)], 218, 358–359, 734, 1961

Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye, Inc. v. City of Hialeah [508 U.S. 520 (1993)], 359, 2181, 2194, 2456

Cicenia v. La Gay [357 U.S. 504 (1959)], 2263

Cipriano v. Houma [395 U.S. 701 (1966)], 1542

Citizens Against Rent Control v. Berkeley [454 U.S. 290 (1981)], 295, 1933

City Council of Los Angeles v. Taxpayers for Vincent [466 U.S. 789 (1984)], 369

City of … See name inverted, e.g., Canton (City of) v. Harris Civil Rights Cases [109 U.S. 3 (1883)], 201, 217, 375, 389, 401, 403, 408–410, 479, 527, 709, 909, 1038, 1089, 1166, 1168, 1240, 1267, 1293, 1437, 1459, 1698, 1919, 2217, 2354, 2483, 2485, 2486, 2487, 2491, 2676, 2693, 2823, 2828

Civil Service Commission v. National Association of Letter Carriers. See United States Civil Service Commission v. National Association of Letter Carriers

Clark v. Barnard [108 U.S. 436 (1883)], 1468

Clark v. Jeter [486 U.S. 456 (1988)], 400, 915, 1824

Clark v. Nash [198 U.S. 361 (1905)], 1890, 2079

Clark Distilling Co. v. Western Maryland Railway Co. [242 U.S. 311 (1917)], 421, 2870

Clarke v. Harwood [3 U.S. (3 Dall.) 342 (1797)], 2602

Classic, United States v. [313 U.S. 299 (1941)], 410, 423, 1025, 1042, 1796, 1797, 1940, 1941, 2007, 2282, 2329, 2436, 2550

Cleburne (City of) v. Cleburne Living Center, Inc. [473 U.S. 432 (1985)], 428–429, 790, 792, 857, 914, 1382, 1721, 2061, 2122, 2287, 2397, 2405, 2533, 2945

Clements v. Logan [455 U.S. 942 (1981)], 347

Cleveland v. United States [329 U.S. 14 (1946)], 1961

Cleveland Board of Education v. LaFleur [414 U.S. 632 (1974)], 430, 1120, 1122, 1405, 1565, 2155, 2394

Cleveland Board of Education v. Loudermill [467 U.S. 1204 (1985)], 492, 898, 2033

Clinton v. City of New York [524 U.S. 417 (1998)], 243, 626, 1627, 2169, 2386

Clinton v. Jones [520 U.S. 681 (1997)], 243, 432, 433–434, 625, 954, 1335, 1342, 1994, 2169, 2386, 2537

Clinton v. Virginia [377 U.S. 158 (1964)], 1850

Clyatt v. United States [197 U.S. 207 (1905)], 1897

Coates v. Cincinnati [402 U.S. 611 (1971)], 2776

Cochran v. Louisiana [281 U.S. 370 (1930)], 349, 434–435

Codispoti v. Pennsylvania [418 U.S. 506 (1974)], 435

Coffin v. Reichard [142 F. 2d 443 (6th Cir. 1944)], 2012

Cohen v. California [403 U.S. 15 (1971)], 192, 313, 331, 435–436, 1042, 1269, 1808, 1846, 1966, 2631, 2790

Cohen v. Cowles Media Co. [501 U.S. 663 (1991)], 436, 1377, 1438

Cohen Grocery Co., United States v. [255 U.S. 81 (1921)], 1605, 2841, 2927

Cohens v. Virginia [6 Wheat. 265 (1821)], 162, 436–439, 556, 741, 878, 1191, 1250, 1469, 1477, 1496, 1674, 1683, 1690, 1910, 2280, 2554, 2555, 2590–2591, 2616, 2654

Coker v. Georgia [433 U.S. 584 (1977)], 302, 440, 2368, 2888, 2891

Colautti v. Franklin [439 U.S. 379 (1979)], 1916, 2207

Cole v. Richardson [405 U.S. 676 (1972)], 1648

Cole v. Young [351 U.S. 536 (1956)], 946

Colegrove v. Battin [413 U.S. 149 (1973)], 1950, 1951, 2388, 2727

Colegrove v. Green [328 U.S. 549 (1946)], 152, 186, 233, 237, 440–441, 500, 870, 1203, 1852–1853, 2132, 2133, 2202, 2765, 2849

Coleman v. Miller [307 U.S. 433 (1939)], 73, 74, 349, 441, 2117

Colgate v. Harvey [296 U.S. 404 (1935)], 441, 1655, 2626

Colgrove v. Battin [413 U.S. 149 (1973)], 1516, 1517

Collector v. Day [78 U.S. (11 Wall.) 113 (1871)], 218, 340, 442, 580, 999, 1037, 1226, 1319, 1383, 1384, 2544

College Savings Bank v. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board [527 U.S. 666 (1999)], 625, 880, 881

Colliflower v. Garland [342 F. 2d 369 (9th Cir. 1965)], 82

Collins v. City of Harker Heights [503 U.S. 115 (1992)], 442

Collins v. Hardyman [341 U.S. 651 (1948)], 96, 1230, 1410, 2485

Colonnade Catering Corporation v. United States [396 U.S. 814 (1970)], 44

Colorado v. Barrett [479 U.S. 523 (1987)], 2240

Colorado v. Connelly [479 U.S. 157 (1986)], 444, 1743, 1930, 2240

Colorado v. Spring [479 U.S. 564 (1987)], 1743, 1930–1931, 2240

Colorado Republican Federal Campaign Committee v. Federal Election Commission [518 U.S. 604 (1996)], 297, 1938

Colorado River Water Conservation District v. United States [424 U.S. 800 (1976)], 18

Columbia (City of) v. Omni Outdoor Advertising, Inc. [499 U.S. 365 (1991)], 2558

Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc. v. Davis [510 U.S. 1315 (1994)], 1378

Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc. v. Democratic National Committee [412 U.S. 94 (1973)], 271, 445, 1628

Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission [453 U.S. 367 (1981)], 247, 445–446

Columbus Board of Education v. Penick [443 U.S. 449 (1979)], 446–447, 759, 2320, 2890

Commercial National Bank of Cleveland v. Iola [154 U.S. 617 (1873)], 783

Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Glenshaw Glass Co. [348 U.S. 426 (1955)], 2421

Committee for Public Education and Religious Liberty v. Nyquist [413 U.S. 757 (1973)], 464, 2187, 2321, 2375–2376, 2738–2739

Committee for Public Education and Religious Liberty v. Regan [444 U.S. 646 (1980)], 464–465, 1207, 2371, 2375

Commodity Future Trading Commission v. Schor [478 U.S. 833 (1986)], 949, 1827

Common Cause v. Schmitt [512 F. Supp. 489 (1982)], 295

Commonwealth v. Alger [7 Cush. 53 (Mass. 1851)], 562, 2506, 2648

Commonwealth v. Aves [18 Pick. 193 (Mass. 1836)], 466–467, 560, 819

Commonwealth v. Blackington [24 Pick. 352 (Mass. 1837)], 2507

Commonwealth v. Caton [4 Call. Reports (Va., 1782)], 198, 467, 541, 1891–1892, 2500, 2935

Commonwealth v. Griffin [2 Pick. 11 (Mass. 1823)], 1159

Commonwealth v. Hunt [4 Metc. 111 (Mass. 1842)], 561, 708, 1546–1547

Commonwealth v. Jennison [Mass., unreported (1783)], 467, 737

Commonwealth v. Kneeland [20 Pick. 206 (Mass. 1838)], 198

Commonwealth v. Moffett [383 Mass. 201 (1981)], 2263

Commonwealth v. Sacco and Vanzetti [255 Mass. 369 (1921)], 467–468, 921, 1101

Commonwealth Edison Co. v. Montana [453 U.S. 927 (1981)], 455, 1565

Communist Party of Indiana v. Whitcomb [414 U.S. 441 (1974)], 871, 2582

Communist Party of the United States v. Subversive Activities Control Board [367 U.S. 1 (1961)], 472, 2581

Community Communications Co. v. City of Boulder [456 U.S. 1001 (1982)], 363

Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Brady [430 U.S. 274 (1977)], 194, 806, 2494, 2522

Connally v. General Construction Co. [269 U.S. 385 (1926)], 2774, 2775

Connally v. Georgia [429 U.S. 245 (1977)], 2332

Connecticut v. Doehr [501 U.S. 1 (1991)], 2035

Connecticut v. Menillo [423 U.S. 245 (1975)], 2206

Connecticut Board of Pardons v. Dumschat [452 U.S. 458 (1981)], 2366

Connell Construction Co. v. Plumbers & Steam Fitters Local [100 421 U.S. 616 (1975)], 1545, 1546

Connick v. Myers [461 U.S. 138 (1983)], 892, 1677

Consolidated Edison Co. v. NLRB [305 U.S. 197 (1938)], 2821

Consolidated Edison Co. v. Public Service Commission [447 U.S. 530 (1980)], 1237

Constantine, United States v. [296 U.S. 287 (1935)], 2658, 2660

Continental Illinois National Bank and Trust Co. v. Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway Co. [294 U.S. 648 (1935)], 161

Continental T.V., Inc. v. GTE Sylvania, Inc. [433 U.S. 36 (1977)], 2542

Cook v. United States [288 U.S. 102 (1933)], 2722

Cooley v. Board of Wardens of Philadelphia [53 U.S. (12 How.) 299 (1851)], 455, 681–682, 735, 742, 807, 844, 1162, 1712, 1739, 1904, 2356, 2512–2513, 2566, 2593, 2649, 2652, 2654, 2817, 2867, 2871, 2908

Coolidge, United States v. [14 U.S. (I Wheat.) 415 (1816)], 981

Coolidge v. New Hampshire [403 U.S. 443 (1971)], 187, 682–683, 1913, 1914, 2332, 2345, 2541, 2680

Cooper v. Aaron [358 U.S. 1 (1958)], 237, 607, 667, 683, 772, 1458, 1475, 1488, 1583, 1822, 1824, 1915, 2078, 2298, 2853–2854

Coppage v. Kansas [236 U.S. 1 (1915)], 684–685, 749, 838, 1115, 1309, 1547, 1699, 1911, 2278, 2571, 2896, 2900, 2939

Corbin's Case [S.Ct., New Hampshire (1891)], 802

Cordwainers Cases [Phila. Mayor's Ct. (1806); New York (1810)], 561, 1546

Corfield v. Coryell [6 F. Cas. 546 No. 3, 230 (1823)], 360, 686, 842, 1172, 2019, 2021, 2274, 2424

Cornelius v. NAACP Legal Defense & Educational Fund [473 U.S. 788 (1985)], 686–687, 1237, 1899

Cornell Steamboat Co. v. United States [321 U.S. 634 (1944)], 1103

Coronado Coal Company v. United Mine Workers [268 U.S. 295 (1925)], 107, 2756–2757

Corporation of Presiding Bishop of Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints v. Amos [483 U.S. 327 (1987)], 924, 2175, 2193, 2195, 2380

Corrigan v. Buckley [271 U.S. 323 (1926)], 403, 693, 2222, 2410, 2642

Cortez, United States v. [449 U.S. 411 (1981)], 2552

Costello v. United States [350 U.S. 359 (1956)], 1222, 1361, 1362

Costello v. Wainwright [397 F. Supp. 20 (M.D. Florida, 1975)], 2012

Cotting v. Kansas City Stockyards Co. [183 U.S. 79 (1901)], 52

Counselman v. Hitchcock [142 U.S. 547 (1892)], 64, 257, 694–695, 1334, 1526, 2232, 2236

County of Allegheny v. American Civil Liberties Union [492 U.S. 573 (1989)], 203, 695, 924, 925, 1054–1055, 1530, 1602, 1843, 1846, 2166, 2196, 2197, 2379

County of Sacramento v. Lewis [523 U.S. 833 (1998)], 711, 1932, 2456

County of Washington v. Gunther [452 U.S. 161 (1981)], 474

Cousins v. Wigoda [419 U.S. 477 (1975)], 1942–1943, 2007

Cox v. Louisiana [379 U.S. 536 (1965)], 188, 371, 702, 1200, 1922, 2855

Cox v. New Hampshire [312 U.S. 569 (1941)], 373, 702, 1082, 2189, 2198

Cox Broadcasting Co. v. Cohn [420 U.S. 469 (1975)], 702–703, 2014

Coy v. Iowa [487 U.S. 1012 (1988)], 491, 703, 1844

Coyle v. Smith [221 U.S. 559 (1911)], 703

Craig v. Boren [429 U.S. 190 (1976)], 229, 233, 238, 293, 400, 704, 857, 915, 917, 1157, 1196, 1746, 1902, 2392, 2399, 2530, 2533, 2538, 2881, 2921

Craig v. Harney [331 U.S. 367 (1947)], 1149, 1150

Craig v. Missouri [29 U.S. (4 Peters) 410 (1830)], 174, 704, 1686, 1712, 2648, 2651

Cramer v. United States [325 U.S. 1 (1945)], 705, 1279, 1282, 2551, 2716–2718, 2931

Cramp v. Board of Public Instruction [368 U.S. 278 (1961)], 2776

Crandall v. Nevada [73 U.S. (6 Wall.) 35 (1868)], 341, 630

Crane v. Kentucky [476 U.S. 683 (1986)], 2043

Crawford v. Los Angeles Board of Education [458 U.S. 527 (1982)], 122, 706, 774, 786

Crawford-El v. Britton [523 U.S. 574 (1998)], 653

Crews, United States v. [445 U.S. 463 (1980)], 1158

Crist v. Bretz [137 U.S. 28 (1978)], 808

Crooker v. California [357 U.S. 433 (1958)], 2263

Crosby, United States v. [11 U.S. (7 Cranch) 115 (1871)], 361

Crowell v. Benson [285 U.S. 22 (1932)], 41, 1481

Crowley v. United States [187 U.S. 651 (1903)], 1376

Cruikshank, United States v. [92 U.S. 542 (1876)], 95, 217, 403, 430, 580, 733, 1024, 1035, 1037–1038, 1041, 1070, 1106, 1125, 1240, 1272, 1319, 1432, 1733, 2485, 2822–2823, 2826–2827, 2924, 2938

Cruz v. Beto [405 U.S. 319 (1972)], 2190

Cruz v. New York [481 U.S. 186 (1987)], 492

Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health [497 U.S. 261 (1990)], 790, 1884–1885, 1915, 2163, 2246, 2267–2268, 2268–2269, 2269, 2314, 2532, 2577–2578

CTS Corp. v. Dynamics Corp. of America [481 U.S. 69 (1987)], 805, 2516–2517

Cummings v. Board of Education [175 U.S. 528 (1899)], 1168

Cummings v. Missouri [71 U.S. (4 How.) 277 (1867)], 257, 339, 1035

Curtis v. Loether [415 U.S. 189 (1974)], 2729–2730

Curtis Publishing Company v. Butts [388 U.S. 130 (1967)], 1607–1608, 2067, 2709, 2855

Curtiss-Wright Export Corporation, United States v. [299 U.S. 304 (1936)], 600, 736–737, 761, 951, 959, 1071–1072, 1328, 1344, 1904, 1997, 2289, 2385, 2627, 2843

D

Dairy Queen, Inc. v. Wood [369 U.S. 469 (1962)], 739, 2388, 2730

Dakota Central Telephone Co. v. South Dakota [250 U.S. 163 (1919)], 2927

Dames & Moore v. Regan [453 U.S. 654 (1981)], 615, 741, 887, 942, 951, 1076, 1992, 1998

Dandridge v. Williams [397 U.S. 471 (1970)], 377, 741–742, 1120, 1677, 1973, 2310, 2870, 2873, 2874, 2876, 2879–2880

Daniel v. Waters [515 F. 2d 485 (6th Cir. 1975)], 2327

Daniel Ball, The [27 U.S. (10 Wall.) 557 (1871)], 340, 1467

Daniels v. Williams [474 U.S. 327 (1986)], 2032, 2035

Darby Lumber Co., United States v. [312 U.S. 100 (1941)], 349, 458, 460, 524, 598, 684, 693, 743–744, 846, 966, 1011, 1012, 1262, 1548, 1700, 1778, 1796, 1822, 1830, 2046, 2293, 2566, 2668, 2821, 2903

Darnel's Case (Five Knights Case) [3 How. St. Tr. 1 (English) (1627)], 148, 1246, 1903

Dartmouth College v. Woodward [17 U.S. (4 Wheat.) 518 (1819)], 162, 362, 555, 673, 674–675, 681, 690, 692, 744–746, 802, 832, 1673, 1686, 1910, 2218, 2556, 2611, 2653, 2704, 2783, 2859, 2871, 2885, 2913, 2922

Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. [509 U.S. 579 (1993)], 58, 243

Davidson v. New Orleans [96 U.S. 97 (1878)], 217, 1732, 1733, 1749

Davis v. Alaska [415 U.S. 308 (1974)], 480, 491

Davis v. Bandemer [478 U.S. 109 (1986)], 868, 871, 1188–1189, 1952, 2137, 2535

Davis v. Beason [133 U.S. 333 (1890)], 748, 1961, 2173, 2186

Davis v. Board of School Commissioners [402 U.S. 33 (1971)], 2627

Davis v. Massachusetts [167 U.S. 43 (1897)], 1212

Davis v. Michigan Department of Treasury [489 U.S. 803 (1989)], 1384, 2533

Davis v. Mississippi [394 U.S. 721 (1969)], 235

Davis v. Monroe County Board of Education [526 U.S. 629 (1999)], 2400

Davis v. North Carolina [384 U.S. 737 (1966)], 2438

Davis v. Passman [442 U.S. 228 (1979)], 185, 739, 740, 748, 1344

Davis v. United States [512 U.S. 452 (1994)], 1931

Day-Brite Lighting, Inc. v. Missouri [342 U.S. 421 (1952)], 1700

Dayton Board of Education v. Brinkman [433 U.S. 406 (1977) and 443 U.S. 526 (1979)], 446–447, 759

Dayton-Goose Creek Railroad Co. v. United States [263 U.S. 456 (1924)], 750, 922, 2415

Dean Milk Company v. Madison [340 U.S. 349 (1951)], 420, 750, 1228, 1573, 2514

DeBartolo Corp. v. Florida Gulf Coast Building Trades [485 U.S. 568 (1988)], 1553

Debs, In re [158 U.S. 564 (1895)], 241, 430, 448, 583, 750–751, 751, 947, 1164, 1168, 1409, 1851, 2591, 2735, 2894, 2901

Debs v. United States [249 U.S. 211 (1919)], 751, 923, 1299–1300, 2580

De Chastellux v. Fairchild [15 Penn. State 18 (1850)], 833, 1192

Decoster, United States v. [487 F. 2d 1197 (1979)], 2265

DeFunis v. Odegaard [416 U.S. 312 (1974)], 54, 759–760, 1759, 1760, 2104, 2146

DeGeofroy v. Riggs [133 U.S. 258 (1890)], 2722

Degraffenreid v. General Motors Assembly Division [413 F. Supp. 142 (E.D. Mo. 1976)], 2089–2090, 2091

DeGregory v. New Hampshire Attorney General [383 U.S. 825 (1966)], 1596

De Jonge v. Oregon [299 U.S. 353 (1937)], 724, 760, 1107, 1149, 1241, 1311, 2594

Delaware v. Fensterer [474 U.S. 15 (1985)], 492

Delaware v. New York [385 U.S. 895 (1966)], 867, 1765

Delaware v. Prouse [440 U.S. 648 (1979)], 120, 140, 2331

Delaware v. Van Arsdall [475 U.S. 673 (1986)], 491

Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad Co. v. Yurkonis [238 U.S. 439 (1915)], 749

Delaware Tribal Business Committee v. Weeks [430 U.S. 73 (1977)], 80, 81, 2536

DeLima v. Bidwell [182 U.S. 1 (1901)], 1376

Dellinger, United States v. [472 F. 2d 340 (1972)], 709

Dellums v. Bush [752 F. Supp. 1141 (1990)], 2843

De Lovio v. Boit [7 F. Cas. 418, No. 3, 776 (C.C.D. Ma. 1815)], 360

Democratic Party v. LaFollette [448 U.S. 909 (1981)], 1942–1943, 2007

Dennis, United States v. [183 F. 2d 201 (1950)], 225, 226, 1264, 2761

Dennis v. United States [341 U.S. 494 (1951)], 68, 146, 155, 187, 279, 427, 428, 709, 769–770, 1055, 1127, 1135, 1198, 1353, 1411, 1789, 1955, 2249, 2546, 2581, 2582, 2745, 2761, 2792, 2793, 2938

Dent v. West Virginia [129 U.S. 114 (1889)], 2829

Denver Area Education Telecommunications Consortium v. FCC [518 U.S. 727 (1996)], 243, 249

Department of Agriculture v. Moreno [413 U.S. 528 (1973)], 770, 1123, 2287

Department of Agriculture v. Murry [413 U.S. 508 (1973)], 770

Department of Commerce v. Montana [503 U.S. 442 (1992)], 326

Department of Commerce v. United States House of Representatives [525 U.S. 316 (1999)], 326

Department of Justice v. Reporters' Committee for Freedom of the Press [489 U.S. 749 (1989)], 482

Department of Revenue of Montana v. Kurth Ranch [511 U.S. 767 (1994)], 811, 2660

Department of Revenue of Washington v. Association of Washington Stevedoring Companies [434 U.S. 815 (1978)], 194, 1348, 2522

Derby v. Blake [2 Dane Abr. 649 (Mass. 1799)], 673

DeShaney v. Winnebago County Department of Social Services [489 U.S. 189 (1989)], 195, 774–775, 1529, 2164, 2576

Desist v. United States [394 U.S. 244 (1969)], 1083

Desmond, United States v. [670 F. 2d 414 (3d Cir. 1982)], 1513

DeSylva v. Ballentine [351 U.S. 570 (1956)], 978

DeWitt, United States v. [76 U.S. (9 Wall.) 41 (1869)], 335, 340

Diamond v. Chakrabarty [447 U.S. 303 (1980)], 1881

Diamond v. Charles [476 U.S. 54 (1986)], 1450

DiFrancesco, United States v. [449 U.S. 117 (1980)], 783, 809

Dillon v. Gloss [256 U.S. 368 (1920)], 73, 2117

Dionisio, United States v. [410 U.S. 1 (1973)], 764, 2333

Di Re, United States v. [332 U.S. 581 (1948)], 2023

DiSanto v. Pennsylvania [273 U.S. 34 (1927)], 792, 1879

Dixon, United States v. [509 U.S. 688 (1993)], 811, 985

Dobbins v. Commissioners of Erie County [41 U.S. 435 (1842)], 442, 1384, 2867

Dodge v. Woolsey [59 U.S. (18 How.) 331 (1856)], 298, 325, 801, 2648, 2868

Doe v. Bolton [410 U.S. 179 (1973)], 816, 2020, 2204, 2205, 2206, 2207, 2284–2286, 2394. See Roe v. Wade

Doe v. Commonwealth's Attorney [403 F. Supp. 1199 (1976)], 973, 1124, 2407

Doe v. McMillan [412 U.S. 306 (1972)], 2464

Doe v. United States [487 U.S. 201 (1988)], 2240–2241

Doe v. University of Michigan [721 F. Supp. 852 (E.D. Mich. 1989)], 2926

D'Oench Duhme & Co. v. F.D.I.C. [314 U.S. 592 (1942)], 978

Doggett v. United States [505 U.S. 647 (1992)], 2467

Dolan v. City of Tigard [512 U.S. 374 (1994)], 802–803, 905, 2055, 2151, 2646

Dombrowski v. Pfister [380 U.S. 479 (1965)], 803, 1867, 1868, 2941

Donaldson v. O'Connor [422 U.S. 563 (1974)], 789

Donovan v. Dewey [452 U.S. 594 (1981)], 42, 44

Dooley v. United States [182 U.S. 222 (1901)], 1376

Doran v. Salem Inn, Inc. [422 U.S. 922 (1975)], 2156

Dorchy v. Kansas [272 U.S. 306 (1926)], 1553

Doremus, United States v. [249 U.S. 86 (1919)], 350, 804, 1274, 1779, 1790, 2658

Doremus v. Board of Education [342 U.S. 429 (1952)], 804, 1779, 2662, 2795, 2895–2896

Dorr v. United States [195 U.S. 138 (1904)], 1376

Dorsey v. Stuyvesant Town Corporation [299 N.Y. 512 (1949-1950)], 2484

Dothard v. Rawlinson [433 U.S. 321 (1977)], 406

Dougherty County Board of Education v. White [439 U.S. 32 (1978)], 2812

Douglas v. California [372 U.S. 353 (1963)], 23, 741, 817, 935, 1232, 1362, 1415, 2262, 2295, 2310, 2869, 2877

Douglas v. Seacoast Products [431 U.S. 265 (1977)], 1677

Douglass v. Pike County [101 U.S. 677 (1880)], 676

Dow Chemical Company v. United States [476 U.S. 227 (1986)], 712

Dowd Box Co. v. Courtney [369 U.S. 502 (1962)], 1554

Dowdell v. United States [221 U.S. 325 (1911)], 1376

Dowling v. United States [493 U.S. 342 (1990)], 810

Downes v. Bidwell [182 U.S. 244 (1901)], 1376, 2080, 2672

Draper v. United States [358 U.S. 307 (1959)], 818, 1368, 2330

Dred Scott v. Sandford [60 U.S. (I 9 How.) 393 (1857)], 4, 15, 146, 164, 169, 179, 183, 190, 258, 298, 314, 325, 335, 338, 364, 367, 374, 387, 402, 411, 485, 497, 566, 569, 582, 652, 658, 667, 735, 736, 743, 754, 795, 813, 818–820, 829, 884, 908, 909, 1148, 1175, 1230, 1287, 1290, 1293, 1356, 1432, 1459, 1468, 1475, 1572, 1582, 1620, 1623, 1624, 1625, 1670, 1675, 1712, 1736, 1748, 1791, 1821, 1901, 1919, 1947, 1959, 2021, 2054, 2095, 2099, 2216, 2217, 2389, 2424, 2425, 2427, 2432, 2436, 2556–2557, 2561, 2584, 2591, 2598, 2609, 2612, 2630, 2647, 2649–2650, 2653, 2655–2656, 2673, 2804, 2807, 2858, 2868

Dronenburg v. Zech [741 F. 2d 1388 (D.C. Cir. 1984)], 210, 1196, 1197

Drummond, United States v. [350 F. 2d 983 (8th Cir. 1965)], 2719

Duchess of Hamilton's Case [88 Eng. Rep. 651 (1712)], 208

Duckworth v. Arkansas [314 U.S. 390 (1941)], 1103

Duckworth v. Eagan [492 U.S. 195 (1989)], 1253, 1743, 1744, 1931, 2240

Duke Power Co. v. Carolina Environmental Study Group [438 U.S. 51 (1978)], 2278–2279, 2473, 2532, 2706

Dun & Bradstreet, Inc. v. Greenmoss Builders, Inc. [472 U.S. 749 (1985)], 829–830, 1608, 1609, 2709–2710

Dunaway v. New York [442 U.S. 200 (1979)], 120, 2331

Duncan, In re. See Duncan v. McCall

Duncan v. Kahanamoku [327 U.S. 304 (1946)], 385, 830, 886, 1246, 1796, 1998, 2551, 2839

Duncan v. Louisiana [391 U.S. 145 (1968)], 157, 170, 435, 710, 720, 722, 830, 1269, 1288, 1356, 1434, 1510, 1515, 1517, 1700, 1709, 2037, 2039, 2040, 2041, 2138, 2573, 2724, 2856

Duncan v. McCall [139 U.S. 449 (1891)], 2210

Dunn v. Blumstein [405 U.S. 330 (1972)], 830–831, 2275, 2305

Duplex Printing Press Co. v. Deering [254 U.S. 443 (1921)], 422, 831, 1825, 1911

Duren v. Missouri [439 U.S. 357 (1979)], 1510, 2391

Dyer, West Virginia ex rel., v. Sims [341 U.S. 22 (1951)], 901

E

E. C. Knight Company, United States v. See Knight Company, E. C., United States v.

Eagle, The, v. Frazier [75 U.S. (8 Wall.) 15 (1869)], 1791

Eakin v. Raub [12 Sargeant & Rawle 330 (Pa., 1825)], 833, 1192

Earley v. DiCenso [403 U.S. 602 (1971)], 1206, 1601

Eastern Enterprises v. Apfel [524 U.S. 498 (1998)], 905, 2055, 2056, 2226

Eastern States Retail Lumber Dealers' Association v. United States [234 U.S. 600 (1914)], 214

Eastlake (City of) v. Forest City Enterprises, Inc. [426 U.S. 668 (1976)], 2536

Edelman v. California [344 U.S. 357 (1953)], 2774

Edelman v. Jordan [415 U.S. 651 (1974)], 853, 877, 878, 879, 1060, 1468, 1562, 1869, 2832

Edgar v. MITE Corp. [457 U.S. 604 (1982)], 2350, 2516, 2517

Edmond v. United States [520 U.S. 651 (1997)], 2386

Edmonson v. Leesville Concrete Co. [500 U.S. 614 (1991)], 1514, 1515, 1531, 1899, 2490

Edwards, United States v. [415 U.S. 800 (1974)], 2344

Edwards v. Aguillard [482 U.S. 578 (1987)], 707, 859, 924, 925, 1602, 1603, 2174, 2177, 2185, 2327, 2379

Edwards v. Arizona [451 U.S. 477 (1981)], 861, 1742–1743, 1928, 2831, 2891

Edwards v. California [314 U.S. 160 (1941)], 286, 861, 913, 1362, 1973, 2021, 2274, 2774–2775, 2878

Edwards v. Healy [412 U.S. 772 (1975)], 1196

Edwards v. South Carolina [372 U.S. 229 (1963)], 767, 1305, 2855

Edwards v. United States [286 U.S. 482 (1932)], 2785

Eichman, United States v. [496 U.S. 310 (1990)], 76, 179, 192, 238, 1063–1064, 1136, 2538

Eisenstadt v. Baird [405 U.S. 438 (1972)], 4, 182, 863, 973, 1118, 1120, 1122, 1234, 1672, 1811, 2203–2204, 2242, 2246, 2247, 2248, 2285, 2394, 2573

Eisner v. Macomber [252 U.S. 189 (1920)], 863–864, 2421

Electrical Workers Local No. 501 v. NLRB [341 U.S. 694 (1951)], 215

Electric Bond & Share Co. v. Securities and Exchange Commission [303 U.S. 419 (1938)], 2079, 2350

Elfbrandt v. Russell [384 U.S. 11 (1966)], 882, 1536, 2066

Eliason, United States v. [41 U.S. (6 Pet.) 291 (1842)], 1994

Elk v. Wilkins [112 U.S. 94 (1884)], 82, 183, 587, 1227, 1698

Elkins v. United States [364 U.S. 206 (1960)], 882, 936, 2335, 2416

Elk's Lodge #2043 v. Ingraham [422 U.S. 924 (1973)], 2741

Elledge v. Florida [525 U.S. 944 (1998)], 243

Elrod v. Burns [427 U.S. 347 (1976)], 226, 235, 268, 892, 1108, 1885, 1886, 1939, 1940, 2300

Employees v. Department of Public Health and Welfare [411 U.S. 279 (1973)], 853, 1060, 2832

Employers' Liability Cases (First) [207 U.S. 463 (1908)], 459, 893, 1756, 2780, 2899

Employers' Liability Cases (Second) [223 U.S. 1 (1912)], 893

Employment Division, Department of Human Resources of Oregon v. Smith [484 U.S. 872 (1990)], 24, 82, 195, 359, 624, 658, 679, 823, 894–895, 1207, 1351, 1831, 1851, 2165–2166, 2169, 2175, 2176, 2178, 2181, 2182, 2184, 2192, 2194–2195, 2322

Emspak v. United States [349 U.S. 190 (1955)], 1305

Endo, Ex parte [323 U.S. 283 (1944)], 1247, 1415–1417, 2931

Endo v. United States [323 U.S. 282 (1944)], 129

Engel v. Vitale [370 U.S. 421 (1962)], 1, 167, 188, 855, 859, 896, 927, 2176, 2177, 2322, 2323, 2324, 2372, 2594, 2856, 2858

Engle v. Isaac [456 U.S. 107 (1982)], 1841

Enmund v. Florida [458 U.S. 782 (1982)], 302, 896, 2368, 2369, 2891

Entick v. Carrington [19 How. St. Tr. 1029 (1765)], 216, 1099, 2236, 2905

Environmental Protection Agency v. State Water Reserve Control Board [426 U.S. 200 (1976)], 901

Epperson v. Arkansas [393 U.S. 97 (1968)], 706, 855–856, 905–906, 1083, 1520, 1585, 2177, 2327, 2373

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Arabian American Oil Company [499 U.S. 244 (1991)], 960

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Wyoming [460 U.S. 226 (1983)], 59, 193, 881, 907, 1181, 2520

Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins [304 U.S. 64 (1938)], 220, 317, 466, 513, 798, 921, 977, 1103, 1390, 1439, 1468, 1493, 1496, 1869, 2556, 2593, 2629, 2648, 2764

Erznoznik v. Jacksonville [422 U.S. 205 (1975)], 922, 1195

Escobedo v. Illinois [378 U.S. 478 (1964)], 922–923, 1200, 1280, 1741, 1925, 1926, 1927–1928, 2263, 2264, 2856

Esposito, United States v. [1990 U.S. App. Lexis 12631 (3d. Cir. 1990)], 982

Estelle v. Gamble [429 U.S. 97 (1976)], 721, 730–731, 1885, 2350

Estelle v. Smith [451 U.S. 454 (1981)], 302, 929, 1742

Estelle v. Williams [425 U.S. 501 (1976)], 971

Estes v. Texas [381 U.S. 532 (1965)], 330, 929, 972, 1150, 2541

Eu v. San Francisco County Democratic Central Committee [489 U.S. 214 (1989)], 1938–1939, 2008

Euclid (Village of) v. Ambler Realty Company [272 U.S. 365 (1926)], 259, 284, 889, 929, 2151, 2311, 2510, 2626, 2646, 2944, 2946

Eustis v. Bolles [150 U.S. 361 (1893)], 2830

Evans v. Abney [396 U.S. 435 (1970)], 930–931, 2411, 2487

Evans v. Jeff D. [475 U.S. 717 (1986)], 413, 414

Evans v. Newton [382 U.S. 296 (1966)], 930, 2487, 2854

Everson v. Board of Education [330 U.S. 1 (1947)], 24, 179, 187–188, 197, 201, 349, 795, 924, 925, 927, 928, 931–932, 1102, 1206, 1355, 1704, 2157, 2171, 2187, 2302, 2370, 2373, 2706, 2795

Evitts v. Lucey [469 U.S. 387 (1985)], 935, 2045

Examining Board v. Flores de Otero [426 U.S. 572 (1976)], 66, 2081

Ex parte … See case name inverted, e.g., McCardle, Ex parte

Exxon Corporation v. Eagerton [462 U.S. 176 (1983)], 71

Exxon Corporation v. Governor of Maryland [437 U.S. 117 (1978)], 1381, 2515

Exxon Corporation v. Wisconsin Department of Revenue [447 U.S. 207 (1980)], 2523

F

Fair Assessment of Real Estate Association v. McNary [454 U.S. 100 (1981)], 447

Fairfax Devisee v. Hunter's Lessee [11 U.S. (7 Cranch) 603 (1813)], 1689, 2555

Falbo v. United States [321 U.S. 802 (1944)], 1769

Fallbrook Irrigation District v. Bradley [164 U.S. 112 (1896)], 2075

Faragher v. City of Boca Raton [524 U.S. 775 (1998)], 2400

Fare v. Michael C. [442 U.S. 707 (1979)], 1743

Faretta v. California [422 U.S. 806 (1975)], 974

Farmer v. Brennan [511 U.S. 825 (1994)], 654

Farrington v. Tokushige [273 U.S. 284 (1927)], 858

Farwell v. Boston and Worcester Railroad [4 Metc. 49 (Mass.) (1842)], 561

Fatico, United States v. [579

F. 2d 707 (. 2d Cir. 1978)], 2367

Fay v. New York [332 U.S. 261 (1947)], 35, 199, 1509, 2389

Fay v. Noia [372 U.S. 391 (1963)], 235, 238, 975, 1253, 1269, 1758, 2156, 2821, 2831

Federal Communications Commission v. League of Women Voters of California [458 U.S. 364 (1984)], 247, 2469, 2530, 2534, 2568, 2750

Federal Communications Commission v. National Right to Work Committee [459 U.S. 197 (1982)], 1933

Federal Communications Commission v. Pacifica Foundation [438 U.S. 726 (1978)], 235, 247, 248, 351, 981, 1043, 1057, 1147, 1236, 1392, 2530, 2534

Federal Election Commission v. Massachusetts Citizens for Life (MCFL) [479 U.S. 238 (1986)], 296, 691, 1237

Federal Election Commission v. National Conservative Political Action Committee [470 U.S. 480 (1985)], 296

Federal Energy Agency v. Algonquin SNG, Inc. [426 U.S. 548 (1976)], 987

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission v. Mississippi [456 U.S. 742 (1982)], 193, 901, 1181

Federal Power Commission v. Hope Natural Gas Co. [320 U.S. 591 (1944)], 970, 1023, 2437

Federal Power Commission v. Natural Gas Pipeline Company [315 U.S. 575 (1942)], 2437

Federal Radio Commission v. Nelson Brothers [289 U.S. 266 (1933)], 761, 1612

Federal Trade Commission v. Gratz [253 U.S. 421 (1920)], 1030, 1714

Federal Trade Commission v. Ruberoid Co. [343 U.S. 470 (1952)], 2384

Feiner v. New York [340 U.S. 315 (1951)], 16–17, 188, 426, 1031, 1055, 1304–1305, 2145, 2669, 2792, 2795

Feldman v. United States Oil Refining Co. [322 U.S. 487 (1944)], 719

Felker v. Turpin [518 U.S. 1051 (1996)], 1503

Ferber v. New York. See New York v. Ferber FERC v. Mississippi [456 U.S. 742 (1982)], 1637

Ferguson v. Skrupa [372 U.S. 726 (1963)], 691, 838, 839, 1034, 1050, 1175, 2510

Fernandez v. Wiener [326 U.S. 340 (1945)], 784

Ferreira, United States v. [54 U.S. (13 How.) 40 (1853)], 2384

Fiallo v. Bell [430 U.S. 787 (1977)], 1329, 1331

Fibreboard Paper Products v. NLRB [379 U.S. 203 (1964)], 1548

Field v. Clark [143 U.S. 649 (1892)], 1039

Finley v. Lvnn [10 U.S. (6 Cranch) 238 (1810)], 2704

Firefighters Local Union No. 1784 v. Stotts [467 U.S. 561 (1984)], 54, 397, 1044–1045, 1760, 1842

First English Evangelical Lutheran Church v. County of Los Angeles [482 U.S. 304 (1987)], 890, 2535, 2946

First National Bank of Boston v. Bellotti [435 U.S. 765 (1978)], 295, 296, 687, 688, 690, 691, 692, 1060, 1275, 1372, 2157, 2160, 2351

First National City Bank v. Banco Nacional de Cuba [406 U.S. 759 (1972)], 25

First National Maintenance Corp. v. NLRB [452 U.S. 666 (1981)], 1548

Fisher, United States v. [6 U.S. (2 Cranch) 358 (1804)], 1344, 1685

Fisher v. McGirr [1 Gray 1 (Mass. 1854)], 2935

Fisher v. United States [425 U.S. 391 (1976)], 2240, 2241, 2767

Fiske v. Kansas [274 U.S. 380 (1927)], 723–724, 2311

Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer [427 U.S. 445 (1976)], 877, 879, 880, 894, 1060, 1468, 2153, 2504

Five Gambling Devices, United States v. [346 U.S. 441 (1953)], 1410

Five Knights Case (Darnel's Case) 3 How. St.Tr. 1 (English) (1628)], 1186

Flag Salute Cases [310 U.S. (1940); 319 U.S. 624 (1943)], 814, 1064–1066, 2549–2550

Flagg Brothers, Inc. v. Brooks [436 U.S. 149 (1978)], 445, 1064, 1411, 2030, 2489, 2492

Flast v. Cohen [392 U.S. 83 (1968)], 495, 876, 1066–1067, 1465, 2475, 2659, 2662, 2777–2778

Flemming v. Nestor [363 U.S. 603 (1960)], 2445, 2902

Fletcher v. Peck [10 U.S. (6 Cranch) 87 (1810)], 30, 344, 667, 673, 674–675, 744, 745, 802, 1067–1068, 1175, 1260, 1287, 1673, 1682, 1685, 1904, 2554, 2570, 2648, 2653, 2664, 2676, 2781, 2783, 2862

Fletcher v. Weir [455 U.S. 603 (1982)], 1927

Flint v. Stone Tracy Co. [220 U.S. 107 (1911)], 2421

Florida v. Bostick [501 U.S. 429 (1991)], 1097

Florida v. Riley [488 U.S. 445 (1989)], 712, 1093, 2141, 2337

Florida v. Royer [460 U.S. 491 (1983)], 2333, 2338

Florida Avocado Growers v. Paul [372 U.S. 132 (1963)], 2511

Florida Bar v. Went For It, Inc. [515 U.S. 618 (1995)], 1068

Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank, U.S. [527 U.S. 627 (1999)], 625, 880, 992, 1845

Florida Star v. B.J.F. [491 U.S. 524 (1989)], 1145

Foley v. Connelie [435 U.S. 291 (1978)], 66, 72, 1068, 2583

Follett v. Town of McCormick [321 U.S. 573 (1944)], 1427, 2191

Fong Haw Tan v. Phelan [333 U.S. 6 (1948)], 1331

Fong Yue Ting v. United States [149 U.S. 698 (1893)], 128, 130, 771, 1167, 1227, 1330

Food Lion, Inc. v. American Broadcasting Co. (ABC) [194 F. 3d 505 (4th Cir. 1999)], 1069, 1438

Ford v. Wainwright [477 U.S. 399 (1986)], 1070–1071, 1720

Fordice, United States v. [505 U.S. 717 (1992)], 58

Ford Motor Company v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission [454 U.S. 1030 (1981)], 194, 1842

Forsyth County, Georgia v. Nationalist Movement [505 U.S. 123 (1992)], 195, 1082

Fort Gratiot Sanitary Landfill, Inc. v. Michigan Department of Natural Resources [504 U.S. 353 (1992)], 2864

Fortnightly Corp. v. United Artists Television, Inc. [392 U.S. 390 (1968)], 2449

Fort Wayne Books, Inc. v. Indiana [489 U.S. 46 (1989)], 1153 44 Liquormart, Inc v. Rhode Island [517 U.S. 484 (1996)], 464, 1135, 1830, 2170

Foster v. Illinois [332 U.S. 134 (1947)], 2261

Foster v. Nielson [27 U.S. (2 Pet.) 253 (1829)], 1612, 1950, 2722

Foster and Elam v. Neilson (1829), 1080

Foster-Fountain Packing Co. v. Haydel [278 U.S. 1 (1928)], 2514

$405,089.23, United States v. [518 U.S. 267 (1996)], 811

Fox v. Washington [236 U.S. 273 (1915)], 1299

Frady, United States v. [456 U.S. 152 (1982)], 1253

Frances and Eliza v. Coates [21 U.S. 398 (1823)], 832

Francis v. Resweber [331 U.S. 786 (1947)], 815

Frank v. Mangum [237 U.S. 309 (1915)], 1100–1101, 1310, 1758, 1911, 2638

Frank v. Maryland [359 U.S. 360 (1959)], 42, 43, 2767

Franklin v. Massachusetts [505 U.S. 788 (1992)], 326

Franks v. Delaware [438 U.S. 154 (1978)], 2345

Frazee v. Illinois Department of Employment Security [489 U.S. 829 (1989)], 1105, 2192, 2380

Frazier v. Cupp [94 U.S. 731 (1969)], 2690

Freedman v. Maryland [380 U.S. 51 (1965)], 1105–1106

Freeman v. Hewitt [329 U.S. 249 (1949)], 1148, 2522

Fremont v. United States [17 How. 542 (1855)], 2653

Freund v. United States [260 U.S. 60 (1938)], 1077

Freytag v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue [501 U.S. 868 (1991)], 2386

Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Environmental Services [120 S.Ct. 693 (2000)], 905

Fries, John, United States v. [3 U.S. (3 Dall.) 515 (1800)], 1902

Frisbie v. United States [157 U.S. 160 (1895)], 241

Frisby v. Schultz [487 U.S. 474 (1988)], 1156

Frohwerk v. United States [249 U.S. 204 (1919)], 709, 923, 1156, 1299, 2580, 2901

Frontiero v. Richardson [411 U.S. 677 (1973)], 229, 232, 238, 508, 704, 1156–1157, 1185, 1196, 2155, 2390, 2391, 2393, 2921

Frost & Frost Trucking Co. v. Railroad Commission [271 U.S. 583 (1926)], 2626, 2748

Frothingham v. Mellon [262 U.S. 447 (1923)], 1066, 1157, 1464, 1795, 1797, 2468, 2481, 2626, 2659, 2661–2662

Fry v. United States [421 U.S. 542 (1975)], 1011, 1012, 1776, 2154, 2155

Fuentes v. Shevin [407 U.S. 67 (1972)], 2053

Fullilove v. Klutznick [449 U.S. 448 (1980)], 53, 54, 55, 56, 391, 397, 623, 794, 1172, 1530, 1587, 1588, 2105, 2106, 2108, 2109, 2110, 2111, 2153, 2160, 2230, 2231, 2530, 2536, 2538, 2597, 2599, 2765, 2887, 2890

Furman v. Georgia [408 U.S. 238 (1972)], 236, 274, 300–301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 309–310, 310, 720, 721, 732, 1288, 2319, 2368, 2443, 2888, 2891

G

Gaffney v. Cummings [412 U.S. 735 (1973)], 1188, 2134

Gagnon v. Scarpelli [411 U.S. 778 (1973)], 2263

Gallagher v. Crown Kosher Super Market [366 U.S. 617 (1961)], 2191, 2584

Gambino v. United States [275 U.S. 310 (1927)], 2416

Gannett Co., Inc. v. DePasquale [443 U.S. 368 (1979)], 1151, 1180–1181, 1214, 1979, 2010, 2077, 2231, 2232

García v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority [469 U.S. 528 (1985)], 59, 190, 191, 193, 276, 362, 623–624, 684, 806, 903, 907, 967, 990, 991, 995, 1012, 1089, 1181–1182, 1211, 1229, 1292, 1477, 1549, 1637, 1776–1777, 1803, 1822, 1841, 1844, 1845, 2155, 2169, 2481, 2503, 2520, 2587, 2668

Gardner v. Florida [430 U.S. 349 (1977)], 302

Garland, Ex parte [71 U.S. (4 Wall.) 333 (1867)], 257, 318, 339, 1030, 1182

Garner v. Florida [430 U.S. 349 (1977)], 2367

Garrett v. United States [471 U.S. 773 (1985)], 982–983

Garrison v. Louisiana [379 U.S. 64 (1964)], 1047, 1805, 2353

Garrity v. New Jersey [385 U.S. 493 (1967)], 1183, 2238

Gaston County v. United States [395 U.S. 285 (1969)], 2102

Gault, In re [387 U.S. 1 (1967)], 352, 492, 1083, 1183–1184, 1269, 1523, 1524, 1709, 1718, 2265

Gebser v. Lago Vista Independent School District [524 U.S. 274 (1998)], 2400

Geduldig v. Aiello [417 U.S. 484 (1974)], 1032, 2394, 2397, 2399

Geer v. Connecticut [161 U.S. 519 (1896)], 1212

Gelbard v. United States [408 U.S. 41 (1972)], 1184

Gelpcke v. Dubuque [68 U.S. (1 Wall.) 175 (1864)], 341, 676, 1733, 2628

Gelston v. Hoyt [16 U.S. (3 Wheat.) 246 (1818)], 1685

General Building Constructors Association, Inc. v. Pennsylvania [16 U.S. 375 (1982)], 403, 2221

General Dynamics Corp., United States v. [410 U.S. 979 (1973)], 2542

General Electric Co. v. Gilbert [429 U.S. 125 (1976)], 406, 2394, 2395

Gentile v. State Bar of Nevada [501 U.S. 1030 (1991)], 1152

Georgia v. McCollum [505 U.S. 42 (1992)], 195, 1899, 2088, 2490

Georgia v. Rachel [384 U.S. 780 (1966)], 414, 2227

Georgia v. Stanton [73 U.S. (6 Wall.) 50 (1868)], 335, 339, 1745–1746, 1950, 2471

Georgia Railroad & Banking Co. v. Smith [128 U.S. 174 (1889)], 1163

Gerende v. Board of Supervisors of Elections [341 U.S. 56 (1951)], 1187, 2794

Gerstein v. Pugh [420 U.S. 103 (1975)], 121, 716, 1369, 2024, 2332

Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc. [418 U.S. 323 (1974)], 271, 829, 830, 1189, 1236, 1608, 1671, 1822, 1976, 1978, 1979, 2014, 2709, 2887, 2890, 2893

Gettysburg Electric Railway Co., United States v. [160 U.S. 668 (1896)], 889

Gibbons v. Ogden [22 U.S. (9 Wheat.) 1 (1824)], 454–455, 456, 459, 660, 675, 693, 743, 832, 835, 844, 845, 861, 1011, 1189–1192, 1266, 1396, 1425, 1534, 1540, 1611–1612, 1636, 1674, 1683, 1686, 1690, 1707, 1768–1769, 1776, 1778, 1896, 1988, 2115, 2274, 2506, 2512, 2555, 2560–2561, 2565, 2586–2587, 2593, 2611, 2652–2653, 2697, 2839, 2858, 2871, 2883, 2885, 2903, 2908, 2913

Gibbs v. United Mine Workers of America [383 U.S. 715 (1966)], 1891

Giboney v. Empire Storage & Ice Co. [336 U.S. 490 (1949)], 188, 1192, 1907, 2795

Gibson v. Florida Legislative Investigation Committee [372 U.S. 539 (1963)], 155, 187, 1192–1193, 1200, 1595–1596, 2243

Gideon v. Wainwright [372 U.S. 335 (1963)], 23, 170, 186, 720, 817, 971, 1083, 1193–1194, 1200, 1369, 1462, 1869, 1981, 2043, 2261–2262, 2263, 2609, 2796, 2856, 2877

Gilbert v. California [388 U.S. 263 (1967)], 1627

Gilbert v. Minnesota [254 U.S. 325 (1920)], 595

Gilchrist v. Collector [10 F. Cas. 355 (C.C.D. S.C. 1808) (No. 5, 420)], 885

Giles v. Teasley [193 U.S. 146 (1904)], 1041

Gillette v. United States [401 U.S. 437 (1971)], 506, 666, 1677, 2188

Gillock, United States v. [445 U.S. 360 (1979)], 2464

Ginsberg v. New York [390 U.S. 629 (1968)], 351, 353, 1083, 1194–1195

Ginzburg v. United States [383 U.S. 463 (1966)], 1270

Girouard v. United States [328 U.S. 61 (1946)], 1198, 2326

Gitlow v. New York [268 U.S. 652 (1925)], 146, 179, 284, 426, 1050, 1126, 1128, 1198–1199, 1285, 1296, 1300, 1352, 1354, 1787, 1959, 2186, 2310, 2311, 2318, 2319, 2580, 2640, 2901–2902

Given, United States v. [25 F. Cas. 1324 (C.C.D.D. 1873) (No. 15, 210)], 360, 361

Gladstone Realtors v. Village of Bellwood [436 U.S. 956 (1979)], 1854

Glass v. The Sloop Betsy [3 U.S. (3 Dall.) 6 (1794)], 1418, 2603

Glickman v. Wileman Brothers and Elliott Inc. [521 U.S. 457 (1997)], 476

Glidden v. Zdanok [370 U.S. 530 (1962)], 419, 696, 1019, 1590

Globe Newspaper Company v. Superior Court [457 U.S. 596 (1982)], 1152, 1199, 1214, 2529

Glona v. American Guarantee & Liability Insurance Co. [391 U.S. 73 (1968)], 1325–1326, 1605–1606

Go Bart v. United States [282 U.S. 344 (1931)], 2344

Godcharles v. Wigeman [113 Pa.St. 431 (Penna. 1886)], 1735–1736

Godfrey v. Georgia [446 U.S. 420 (1980)], 302, 1199

Goesaert v. Cleary [335 U.S. 464 (1948)], 1199, 2392, 2398, 2921

Gold Clause Cases (1935), 211, 734, 1201–1202, 1311, 1488

Goldberg v. Kelly [397 U.S. 254 (1970)], 119, 184, 231, 233–234, 237, 492, 816, 897, 966, 1200–1201, 1362, 1678, 1697–1698, 1887–1888, 1973, 1974, 2026, 2033–2034, 2252, 2445, 2468, 2873, 2874, 2876, 2880

Golden v. Prince [10 F. Cas. 1542 (C.C.D. Pa. 1814) (No. 5, 509)], 2859

Goldfarb v. Virginia State Bar [421 U.S. 773 (1975)], 1202

Goldman v. United States [3l6 U.S. 129 (1942)], 711, 873, 1850, 2416

Goldman v. Weinberger [475 U.S. 503 (1986)], 895, 1202, 1822, 2192, 2380

Goldstein v. California [412 U.S. 546 (1973)], 685

Goldwater v. Carter [444 U.S. 996 (1979)], 320, 616, 1075, 1203, 1993, 2360, 2533, 2722

Gomillion v. Lightfoot [364 U.S. 339 (1960)], 362, 1042, 1187, 1203, 1585, 1586, 1637, 2202

Gompers v. Buck's Stove & Range Company [221 U.S. 418 (1911)], 1203–1204, 1559

Gong Lum v. Rice [275 U.S. 78 (1927)], 129, 388, 1204, 2282, 2642

Goodell v. Jackson [20 Johns. 693 (N.Y. 1823)], 1535

Gooding v. Wilson [405 U.S. 518 (1972)], 234, 1042

Goodman v. Lukens Steel Co. [482 U.S. 656 (1987)], 1844

Goss v. Board of Education [373 U.S. 683 (1963)], 2854

Goss v. Lopez [419 U.S. 565 (1975)], 201, 856, 966, 1205, 1975, 2027

Gouled v. United States [255 U.S. 298 (1921)], 1722, 2339, 2340, 2345, 2767, 2833

Grace v. United States [461 U.S. 171 (1983)], 1218

Grady v. Corbin [495 U.S. 508 (1990)], 809, 810, 811, 982, 983, 985, 2112

Graham v. Collins [506 U.S. 461 (1993)], 2696

Graham v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue [490 U.S. 680 (1989)], 2380, 2468

Graham v. John Deere Co. of Kansas City [383 U.S. 1 (1966)], 1881, 1882

Graham v. Richardson [403 U.S. 365 (1971)], 66, 190, 194, 1218–1219, 1331, 1333, 2583, 2873

Grand Rapids School District v. Ball [473 U.S. 373 (1985)], 63, 1603, 1604, 2375, 2378

Granger Cases (1877), 217, 240, 321, 931, 1037, 1164, 1224–1225, 1397, 2817, 2822–2823, 2829

Gravel v. United States [408 U.S. 606 (1972)], 1226, 1323, 2359, 2464

Graver Tank & Manufacturing Co. v. Linde Air Products Co. [340 U.S. 845 (1950)], 1882

Graves v. New York ex rel. O'Keefe [306 U.S. 466 (1939)], 340, 442, 1226, 1384, 1869, 2544

Gray v. Davis [10 F. Cas. 1006 (C. C. W. D. Tx. 1871)], 360

Gray v. Sanders [372 U.S. 368 (1963)], 1227–1228, 1533, 2132–2133, 2810

Gray v. United States [21 Ct.Cl. 340 (1884)], 2505

Great American Federal Savings & Loan Association v. Novotny [442 U.S. 366 (1979)], 894

Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. v. Cottrell [424 U.S. 366 (1976)], 1228, 2514

Great Northern Railway Co. v. Sunburst Oil & Refining Co. [287 U.S. 580 (1932)], 2224

Greater New Orleans Broadcasting Association v. United States [527 U.S. 173 (1999)], 464

Green v. Biddle [8 Wheaton 1 (1823)], 423, 438, 1228, 1686, 2859

Green v. County School Board of New Kent [391 U.S. 430 (1968)], 229, 232, 237, 397, 772–773, 859, 1229, 2854

Green v. Georgia [442 U.S. 95 (1979)], 302, 934

Green v. Oklahoma [428 U.S. 907 (1976)], 310–312

Green v. United States [356 U.S. 165 (1957)], 720, 807

Greene v. McElroy [360 U.S. 474 (1959)], 421, 946, 1650

Greenholtz v. Inmates of Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex [442 U.S. 1 (1979)], 897, 2367

Greenough v. Greenough [11 Penn. State 489 (1849)], 833

Greenwood v. Peacock [384 U.S. 808 (1966)], 414–415, 2227

Greer v. Spock [424 U.S. 828 (1976)], 117, 2069

Gregg v. Georgia [428 U.S. 153 (1976)], 239, 300, 301, 302, 303, 305, 306, 308, 310–312, 732, 1703, 2368, 2443

Gregoire v. Biddle [339 U.S. 949 (1949)], 943

Gregory v. Ashcroft [501 U.S. 452 (1991)], 624, 991, 1229, 2503

Gregory v. Chicago [394 U.S. 111 (1969)], 188, 2855

Griffin v. Breckenridge [403 U.S. 88 (1971)], 96, 227, 423, 709, 1230–1231, 1241, 1293, 2274, 2487

Griffin v. California [380 U.S. 609 (1965)], 33, 815, 1231, 1665, 2039, 2238, 2458, 2850, 2856

Griffin v. County School Board of Prince Edward County [377 U.S. 218 (1964)], 772, 1231, 1374, 1375, 1585, 1757, 2738

Griffin v. Illinois [351 U.S. 12 (1956)], 23, 377, 741, 817, 1231–1232, 1362, 1750–1751, 2262, 2310, 2869, 2874, 2877

Griffin v. Wisconsin [483 U.S. 868 (1987)], 2337

Griffiths, In re [413 U.S. 717 (1973)], 66, 1987, 2582–2583

Griggs v. Duke Power Co. [401 U.S. 924 (1971)], 96, 99, 100, 396, 406, 408, 1232, 2102, 2107, 2392, 2890

Grimaud, United States v. [220 U.S. 506 (1911)], 1232, 1558

Griswold v. Connecticut [381 U.S. 479 (1965)], 4, 182, 187, 210, 211, 239, 274, 315, 316, 317, 381, 508, 667, 816, 839, 863, 973, 1108, 1118, 1120, 1122, 1175, 1233–1234, 1269, 1289, 1393, 1461–1462, 1480, 1586, 1639, 1671, 1724, 1810, 1812, 1813, 1896, 2052, 2203, 2204, 2242, 2243, 2246, 2247, 2248, 2284, 2285, 2326, 2328, 2394, 2448, 2528, 2573, 2577, 2594, 2795, 2857, 2888, 2892, 2893, 2921

Grosjean v. American Press Co., Inc. [297 U.S. 233 (1936)], 315, 1138–1139, 1234, 1317, 2626

Grossman, Ex parte [267 U.S. 87 (1925)], 1235

Grosso v. United States [390 U.S. 62 (1968)], 1670

Grove City College v. Bell [465 U.S. 555 (1984)], 98, 2568

Groves v. Slaughter [40 U.S. (15 Pet.) 449 (1841)], 156, 1238, 1712, 2649, 2652, 2654, 2698, 2885

Grovey v. Townsend [295 U.S. 45 (1935)], 1238, 1818, 2282, 2436, 2437, 2809

Guardians Association v. Civil Service Commission [463 U.S. 582 (1983)], 1563

Guest, United States v. [383 U.S. 745 (1966)], 423, 709, 733, 1089, 1239–1241, 1679, 2275, 2491, 2694, 2878

Guinn v. United States [238 U.S. 347 (1915)], 909, 1041, 1219, 1242, 1629, 2808

Gully v. First National Bank [299 U.S. 109 (1936)], 1027

Gutknecht v. United States [396 U.S. 295 (1970)], 2448

Guy W. Capps, Inc., United States v. (4th Circuit, 1953), 941

H

Haggar Co. v. Helvering [308 U.S. 389 (1940)], 1860

Hague v. Congress of Industrial Organizations [307 U.S. 496 (1939)], 921, 1107, 1256, 1317, 1549, 1796, 2021, 2067, 2349, 2594

Haig v. Agee [453 U.S. 280 (1981)], 959, 1077, 1141, 1256–1257, 2146, 2574

Hale v. Henkel [201 U.S. 43 (1906)], 2139, 2745

Haley v. Ohio [332 U.S. 596 (1948)], 1522

Hall, United States v. [23 F. Cas. 79 (C.C. Ala. 1871) (No. 15, 282)], 360, 361, 2923

Hall v. DeCuir [95 U.S. 485 (1877)], 204, 217, 430, 1257, 1645, 1761, 2282, 2564

Halper, United States v. [490 U.S. 435 (1989)], 810, 811, 985

Halter v. Nebraska [205 U.S. 34 (1907)], 1061

Ham v. McClaws [1 Bay 93 (S.C. 1789)], 1287

Ham v. South Carolina [409 U.S. 524 (1973)], 2803

Hamilton v. Alabama [368 U.S. 52 (1961)], 2263

Hamilton v. Board of Regents of the University of California [292 U.S. 245 (1934)], 1261

Hamilton v. McClaughry [136 F. 445 (1905)], 2505

Hamm v. City of Rock Hill [379 U.S. 306 (1964)], 2420, 2486

Hammer v. Dagenhart [247 U.S. 251 (1918)], 151–152, 349, 421, 456, 458, 459, 743, 744, 749, 804, 827, 846, 861, 1001, 1011, 1261–1262, 1290, 1528, 1547, 1585, 1709, 1777–1778, 1830, 2049, 2635, 2638, 2658, 2668, 2676–2677, 2895, 2899, 2900

Hampton v. Mow Sun Wong [426 U.S. 88 (1976)], 1262, 1332, 1586–1587, 2529, 2530, 2536

Hampton v. United States [425 U.S. 484 (1976)], 899

Hampton, J. W., & Co. v. United States [276 U.S. 394 (1928)], 760, 1262

Hancock v. Train [426 U.S. 167 (1976)], 901

Hanna v. Plummer [380 U.S. 460 (1963)], 1029

Hanover National Bank v. Moyses [186 U.S. 181 (1902)], 160–161

Hans v. Louisiana [134 U.S. 1 (1890)], 877, 878, 879, 995, 1217, 2504

Hansberry v. Lee [311 U.S. 32 (1940)], 422

Harisiades v. Shaughnessy [342 U.S. 580 (1952)], 771

Harlow v. Fitzgerald [457 U.S. 800 (1982)], 944, 1336, 1819, 1977, 2708, 2922

Harmelin v. Michigan [501 U.S. 957 (1991)], 316, 732, 984

Harmon v. Taylor [273 U.S. 668 (1927)], 2219

Harmon v. Thornburgh [878 F. 2d 484 (D.C. Cir. 1989)], 822

Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections [383 U.S. 663 (1966)], 312, 377, 608, 631, 815–816, 866, 1175, 1269, 1271–1272, 1288, 1362, 1401, 1542, 1679, 1961, 2713–2714, 2741, 2857, 2874, 2879

Harper & Row, Publishers v. Nation Enterprises [471 U.S. 539 (1985)], 1377

Harriman v. Interstate Commerce Commission [211 U.S. 407 (1908)], 749

Harris, United States v. [106 U.S. 629 (1883)], 95–96, 403, 709, 1024, 1038, 1070, 1088, 1230, 1240, 1272, 1698, 1733, 2331, 2823, 2827, 2924

Harris v. Alabama [513 U.S. 504 (1995)], 1254

Harris v. Forklift Systems, Inc. [510 U.S. 17 (1993)], 1136, 2400

Harris v. McRae [448 U.S. 297 (1980)], 6, 7, 1272–1273, 1324, 1885, 2097, 2205–2206, 2394, 2542, 2764, 2872

Harris v. New York [401 U.S. 222 (1971)], 938, 1273, 1743, 1744, 1927

Harris v. Rosario [446 U.S. 651 (1980)], 2080, 2081

Harris v. United States [331 U.S. 145 (1947)], 2344, 2766

Harrison v. United States [392 U.S. 219 (1968)], 1158

Harriss, United States v. [347 U.S. 612 (1954)], 1636

Harte-Hanks Communications v. Connaughton [491 U.S. 657 (1989)], 1609

Hartford Fire Insurance v. California [509 U.S. 764 (1993)], 960

Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection & Insurance Co. v. Harrison [301 U.S. 459 (1937)], 840

Hartzel v. United States [332 U.S. 680 (1944)], 923

Haupt v. United States [330 U.S. 631 (1947)], 1279, 2718, 2931

Havens Realty Corporation v. Coleman [455 U.S. 363 (1982)], 2221, 2475

Haver v. Yaker [76 U.S. (9 Wall.) 32 (1869)], 2359

Hawaii v. Mankichi [190 U.S. 197 (1903)], 1376

Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff [467 U.S. 229 (1984)], 1279

Hawke v. Smith [253 U.S. 221 (1920)], 73, 862, 1950, 2118

Hayburn's Case [2 U.S. (2 Dall.) 409 (1792)], 1279–1280, 1418, 1464, 1902, 2384, 2601

Haynes v. United States [390 U.S. 85 (1968)], 1670

Haynes v. Washington [373 U.S. 503 (1963), 1280

Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier [484 U.S. 260 (1988)], 351, 381, 860, 1134, 1281, 2069, 2167, 2441

Hazen Paper Co. v. Biggins [507 U.S. 604 (1993)], 60

Head v. Amoskeag Manufacturing Company [113 U.S. 9 (1884)], 1227

Head Money Cases [112 U.S. 580 (1884)], 1329

Healy v. James [408 U.S. 169 (1972)], 855, 1108

Healy v. The Beer Institute, Inc. [491 U.S. 324 (1989)], 2517

Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States [379 U.S. 241 (1964)], 390, 405, 420, 459, 913, 1026, 1240, 1282–1283, 2016, 2420, 2486, 2694, 2854

Heath v. Alabama [474 U.S. 82 (1985)], 810–811, 1283

Heck v. Humphrey [512 U.S. 477 (1994)], 654

Heckler v. Chaney [470 U.S. 821 (1985)], 1218

Heffron v. International Society for Krishna Consciousness, Inc. [452 U.S. 640 (1981)], 235, 1283, 2189–2190

Heller v. Doe [509 U.S. 312 (1993)], 428, 2170

Helling v. McKinney [509 U.S. 25 (1993)], 2695

Helstoski, United States v. [442 U.S. 477 (1979)], 2464

Helvering v. Bruun [309 U.S. 461 (1940)], 2421

Helvering v. Davis [301 U.S. 619 (1937)], 314, 1283–1284, 2445, 2481, 2541, 2659, 2660–2661

Helvering v. Gerhardt [304 U.S. 405 (1938)], 2544

Helvering v. Griffiths [318 U.S. 371 (1943)], 2421

Henderson v. New York [92 U.S. 259 (1876)], 1328

Henderson v. United States [314 U.S. 625 (1950)], 280

Henneford v. Silas Mason Co. [300 U.S. 577 (1937)], 314

Hennington v. Georgia [163 U.S. 299 (1896)], 2584

Henry, United States v. [447 U.S. 264 (1980)], 2264

Henry v. United States [361 U.S. 98 (1959)], 1929, 2024

Hensley, United States v. [469 U.S. 221 (1985)], 2553

Hepburn v. Ellzey [6 U.S. (2 Cranch) 445 (1805)], 796

Hepburn v. Griswold [75 U.S. (8 Wall.) 603 (1870)], 335–336, 340, 430, 697, 736, 746, 1175, 1230, 1354, 1572, 1581, 1582, 1732, 1752–1753, 1791, 2563, 2913–2914

Herb v. Pitcairn [321 U.S. 759 (1945)], 722

Herbert v. Lando [441 U.S. 153 (1979)], 1141, 1285, 2200, 2890, 2892

Hernandez v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue [490 U.S. 680 (1989)], 2380

Hernandez v. Texas [347 U.S. 475 (1954)], 1509

Herndon v. Lowry [301 U.S. 242 (1937)], 284, 354, 426, 1285–1286, 1296, 1353, 1955, 2281–2282, 2780

Hewitt v. Helms [459 U.S. 460 (1983)], 2013, 2532

Hicklin v. Orbeck [437 U.S. 518 (1978)], 157, 1212, 1286, 2020

Hicks v. Miranda [422 U.S. 332 (1975)], 18

Hills v. Gautreaux [425 U.S. 284 (1976)], 1289, 2221

Hinderlider v. La Plata River & Cherry Creek Ditch Co. [304 U.S. 92 (1938)], 977, 1398

Hines v. Davidowitz [312 U.S. 52 (1941)], 1077, 1289–1290, 1593, 1989, 2930

Hipolite Egg Company v. United States [220 U.S. 45 (1911)], 330, 1290, 1294, 2084, 2899, 2900

Hirabayashi v. United States [320 U.S. 81 (1943)], 129, 131–132, 1415–1417, 2841, 2930

Hishon v. King & Spalding [467 U.S. 69 (1984)], 1844

Hitchcock v. Aicken [1 Caines 460; 3 Johns. Cas. 2d ed. 595 New York (1803)], 1635

Hitchman Coal & Coke Co. v. Mitchell [245 U.S. 229 (1917)], 219, 421, 1292, 1547, 1825, 1911, 2896, 2939

H. J. Inc. v. Northwestern Bell Telephone Co. [492 U.S. 229 (1989)], 983, 2111

H. L. v. Matheson [450 U.S. 398 (1981)], 353, 1916

Ho Ah Kow v. Nunan [12 F. Cas. 252 (C.C. Ca. 1879) (No. 6, 546)], 130, 360, 1038

Hobbie v. Unemployment Appeals Commissioner of Florida [480 U.S. 136 (1987)], 2192, 2380

Hobson v. Hansen [265 F. Supp. 902 (D.C.D.C. 1967)], 790

Hodel v. Indiana [452 U.S. 314 (1981)], 1779

Hodel v. Irving [481 U.S. 704 (1987)], 2946

Hodel v. Virginia Surface Mining & Reclamation Association [452 U.S. 264 (1981)], 459, 901, 907, 1182, 1292, 1345, 1779

Hodges v. Easton [106 U.S. 408 (1882)], 2830

Hodges v. United States [203 U.S. 1 (1906)], 1167, 1168, 1292–1293, 1890, 2087, 2693

Hodgson and Thompson v. Bowerbank [9 U.S. (5 Cranch) 303 (1809)], 65, 1293–1294, 1465, 2752

Hodgson v. Minnesota [497 U.S. 417 (1990)], 1845, 2122, 2248

Hoffa v. United States [385 U.S. 293 (1966)], 873, 1294, 1850, 1914, 2896

Hoffman Estates v. Flipside [455 U.S. 489 (1982)], 2776

Hoke v. United States [227 U.S. 308 (1913)], 330, 749, 1290, 1294, 1652, 1666, 1790, 2899, 2900

Holden v. Hardy [169 U.S. 366 (1898)], 26, 241, 252, 583, 845, 1115, 1162, 1294, 1699, 1764, 2571–2572, 2572

Holder v. Hall [512 U.S. 874 (1994)], 2811

Holland v. Illinois. See Batson v. Kentucky

Hollingsworth v. Virginia [3 U.S. (3 Dall.) 378 (1798)], 73

Holmes v. Jennison [39 U.S. (14 Pet.) 540 (1840)], 156, 258, 1712

Holmes v. Walton [9 N.J. Law 444 (1780)], 541, 1298

Holt v. Sarver [309 F. Supp. 362 (1969)], 1374

Holtzman v. Schlesinger [361 F. Supp. 553 (E. D. N.Y. 1973)], 2790

Home Building & Loan Association v. Blaisdell [290 U.S. 398 (1934)], 70, 252, 628, 631, 677, 1300–1301, 1311, 1350, 1634, 1645, 1789, 1836, 2218, 2226, 2281, 2784

Honda Motor Company v. Oberg [512 U.S. 415 (1994)], 2082–2083

Hood & Sons, H. P., v. DuMond [336 U.S. 525 (1949)], 835, 1103, 1410, 2514

Hooper v. Bernalillo County Assessor [472 U.S. 612 (1985)], 2277

Hooven & Allison Co. v. Evatt [325 U.S. 892 (1945)], 1864

Hopwood v. Texas [78 F. 3d 932 (5th Cir. 1996)], 57, 1304

Horton v. California [496 U.S. 128 (1990)], 1914

Hosmer v. United States [76 U.S. (9 Wall.) 432 (1872)], 2324

Houchins v. KQED, Inc. [438 U.S. 1 (1978)], 1144, 1215, 1979, 2271, 2328

Houston v. Moore [18 U.S. (5 Wheat.) 1 (1820)], 2555

Houston, East & West Texas Railway Co. v. United States [234 U.S. 342 (1914)], 862, 1308, 1310, 1312, 1396, 1652, 1740, 1778, 1912, 2415, 2560, 2780, 2820, 2899

Hoxie, United States v. [26 F. Cas. 397 (C.C. Ver. 1808) (No. 15, 407)], 885

Hoyt v. Florida [368 U.S. 57 (1961)], 274, 1509, 2389–2390, 2663, 2921

Huckle v. Money [95 E.R. 768 (1763)], 1099, 2905

Hudgens v. National Labor Relations Board [424 U.S. 507 (1976)], 369, 1308, 1672, 1677, 2060, 2415, 2487

Hudnut v. American Booksellers Association [475 U.S. 1001 (1986)], 2398

Hudson v. Palmer [468 U.S. 517 (1984)], 205, 1093, 2011

Hudson v. United States [522 U.S. 93 (1997)], 811, 985, 2401

Hudson and Goodwin, United States v. [11 U.S. (7 Cranch) 32 (1812)], 337, 980, 981, 1425, 1433

Hudson County Water Co. v. McCarter [209 U.S. 349 (1908)], 1565

Hughes v. Alexandria Scrap Corp. [426 U.S. 794 (1976)], 1212

Hughes v. Oklahoma [441 U.S. 322 (1979)], 1212, 2158, 2514

Hughes v. Superior Court [339 U.S. 460 (1950)], 1550

Humphrey's Executor v. United States [295 U.S. 602 (1935)], 111, 599–600, 1318–1319, 1772, 1847, 2149, 2384, 2626, 2636

Hunt v. McNair [413 U.S. 734 (1973)], 2375

Hunt v. Washington State Apple Advertising Commission [432 U.S. 333 (1977)], 806, 1381, 2515

Hunter v. City of Pittsburgh [207 U.S. 161 (1907)], 362, 1637

Hunter v. Erickson [393 U.S. 385 (1969)], 785, 787, 1320, 1415, 1503, 1637, 2220, 2487

Hunter v. Underwood [471 U.S. 222 (1985)], 915, 2106

Huntington Branch National Association for the Advancement of Colored People v. Town of Huntington [844 F. 2d 926 (. 2d Cir. 1988)], 2221, 2947

Hurd v. Hodge [334 U.S. 24 (1948)], 403, 1307, 2223, 2410–2411

Hurley v. Irish-American Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Group of Boston [515 U.S. 557 (1995)], 1320

Huron Portland Cement Company v. Detroit [362 U.S. 440 (1960)], 1320

Hurtado v. California [110 U.S. 516 (1884)], 710, 1267, 1321–1322, 1354, 1361, 1510–1511, 1698, 1700, 1874, 2036, 2569, 2744, 2829

Hustler Magazine and Larry Flynt v. Jerry Falwell [485 U.S. 46 (1988)], 436, 1133, 1146, 1322, 2710

Hutcheson, United States v. [312 U.S. 219 (1941)], 107, 1545

Hutchinson v. Proxmire [443 U.S. 111 (1979)], 501, 1323–1324, 2359, 2464

Hutto v. Davis [454 U.S. 370 (1982)], 729, 732, 822

Hutto v. Finney [437 U.S. 678 (1978)], 730, 731

Hylton v. United States [3 U.S. (3 Dall.) 171 (1796)], 337, 784, 1260, 1324, 1404, 1883, 1959, 1960, 2602, 2603, 2611

I

ICC. See Interstate Commerce Commission

Idaho v. Coeur d'Alene Tribe [521 U.S. 261 (1997)], 2504

Idaho v. Wright [497 U.S. 805 (1990)], 492

Illinois v. Gates [462 U.S. 213 (1983)], 64, 1327, 1368, 2024, 2331, 2345, 2469

Illinois v. Krull [480 U.S. 340 (1987)], 2338

Illinois v. Lafayette [462 U.S. 640 (1983)], 2344

Illinois v. Perkins [496 U.S. 292 (1990)], 1327

Illinois v. Rodriguez [497 U.S. 177 (1990)], 1327–1328, 2690

Illinois Central Railroad Company v. Interstate Commerce Commission [206 U.S. 441 (1907)], 1398

Imbler v. Pachtman [424 U.S. 409 (1976)], 1328, 1335, 1454

Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Cardoza Fonseca [480 U.S. 421 (1987)], 2314

Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha [462 U.S. 919 (1983)], 172, 269, 274, 343, 380, 449, 495, 499, 612, 614, 616, 620, 654, 760, 762, 886, 887, 949, 1219, 1333, 1386, 1460, 1488, 1529, 1599–1600, 2129, 2148, 2385, 2386, 2496, 2609–2610, 2787, 2838–2839, 2842, 2843, 2844, 2887, 2889, 2893

Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Delgado [466 U.S. 210 (1984)], 1330, 2338

Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Lopez-Mendoza [468 U.S. 1032 (1984)], 2044

Inadi, United States v. [475 U.S. 387 (1986)], 492

Indiana ex rel. Anderson v. Brand [302 U.S. 678 (1938)], 677

Indian Motorcycle Co. v. United States [283 U.S. 570 (1931)], 1384

Industrial Commission v. McCartin [330 U.S. 622 (1947)], 1769

Industrial Union Department, AFL-CIO v. American Petroleum Institute [448 U.S. 607 (1980)], 2536

Ingraham v. Wright [430 U.S. 651 (1977)], 729, 856, 974, 1369–1370, 1975, 2027, 2030, 2350

In re … See case name inverted, e.g., Primus, In re

Insular Cases [182 U.S. 1 (1901)], 587, 1161, 1169, 1176, 1358, 1375–1376, 2672

International Brotherhood of Teamsters v. United States [431 U.S. 324 (1977)], 406

International Harvester Company, United States v. [274 U.S. 693 (1927)], 2298

International Longshoremen's Association v. Allied International, Inc. [456 U.S. 212 (1982)], 1551

International Longshoremen's Union v. Boyd [347 U.S. 222 (1954)], 2278

International Society for Krishna Consciousness v. Lee [505 U.S. 672 (1992)], 1391, 1531

International Union, UMWA v. Bagwell [512 U.S. 821 (1994)], 195

Interstate Commerce Commission v. Alabama Midland Railway Co. [168 U.S. 144 (1897)], 882, 1266, 1397–1398, 1642

Interstate Commerce Commission v. Cincinnati, New Orleans & Texas Pacific Railway Co. [167 U.S. 479 (1897)], 882, 1397–1398, 1666, 2048

Interstate Commerce Commission v. Illinois Central Railroad [215 U.S. 452 (1910)], 1397, 1398, 2894

Iron Silver Mining Co. v. Campbell [135 U.S. 286 (1890)], 1732

Irvin v. Dowd [366 U.S. 717 (1961)], 1150, 1405, 2077

Irvine v. California [347 U.S. 128 (1954)], 1102, 1405, 1410, 1850

Isaac Williams, United States v. [148 U.S. 654 (1799)], 883

Ives v. South Buffalo Railway Company [127 U.S. 205 (1911)], 2925

J

Jackson, Ex parte [6 U.S. 727 (1878)], 1970

Jackson v. Bishop [404 F. 2d. 571 (1968)], 730

Jackson v. Georgia [408 U.S. Z38 (1972)], 309–310

Jackson v. Indiana [406 U.S. 715 (1972)], 1718

Jackson v. Metropolitan Edison Company [419 U.S. 345 (1974)], 1411, 1677–1678, 2487, 2489, 2492

Jackson v. Steamboat Magnolia [61 U.S. (20 How.) 296 (1858)], 298

Jackson v. Virginia [443 U.S. 307 (1979)], 722–723, 1253

Jacobellis v. Ohio [378 U.S. 184 (1964)], 1414, 1452, 1716, 1734, 1965, 2850, 2855

Jacobs, In re [98 N.Y. 98 (1885)], 931, 1414

Jacobson v. Massachusetts [197 U.S. 11 (1905)], 259, 749, 1065, 1415, 1884, 1986, 2190, 2328, 2773

Jaffree v. Board of School Commissioners [459 U.S. 1314 (1983)], 2177

James v. Bowman [190 U.S. 127 (1903)], 1024, 1041, 1415, 2938

James v. Illinois [493 U.S. 307 (1990)], 1530, 2045

James v. Valtierra [402 U.S. 137 (1971)], 1415, 2220

James Daniel Good Real Property, United States v. [510 U.S. 43 (1993)], 2035, 2056

Jamison v. Texas [318 U.S. 413 (1943)], 2189, 2198

Janis, United States v. [428 U.S. 433 (1976)], 2044, 2335, 2416–2417

January and Patterson, United States v. [11 U.S. 572 (1813)], 832

Japanese American Cases (1943-1944), 186, 206, 794, 909, 944, 945, 1241, 1415–1417, 2290, 2293, 2302, 2505, 2550, 2842

Japan Line, Ltd. v. County of Los Angeles [441 U.S. 434 (1979)], 194, 1081, 1390, 2522

Jean v. Nelson [474 U.S. 846 (1985)], 1329, 1331

J. E. B. v. Alabama [511 U.S. 127 (1994)], 195, 1511, 1514, 1899, 2170, 2399

Jefferies v. Harris County Community Action Association [615 F. 2d 1025 (5th Cir. 1980)], 2090–2091

Jefferson v. Hackney [406 U.S. 535 (1972)], 2873

Jefferson County Board of Education, United States v. [372 F. 2d 836 (5th Cir. 1966)], 2915

Jelke Co., John F., v. Emery [193 Wis. 311 (1927)], 1114

Jencks v. United States [353 U.S. 667 (1957)], 607, 1426, 2867

Jenison, In re [375 U.S. 14 (1963)], 2190

Jenkins v. Anderson [447 U.S. 231 (1980)], 1426, 1927

Jenkins v. Missouri [495 U.S. 33 (1990)], 2890

Jenness v. Fortson [403 U.S. 431 (1971)], 158, 1942

Jennison, In re [375 U.S. 14 (1963)], 2192

J. I. Case Co. v. Borak [377 U.S. 426 (1964)], 2706

Jimmy Swaggart Ministries v. Board of Equalization of California [493 U.S. 378 (1990)], 1427, 2380

Jin Fuey Moy, United States v. [241 U.S. 394 (1916)], 821

John Doe, Inc. I, United States v. [481 U.S. 102 (1987)], 1223

Johns, United States v. [469 U.S. 478 (1985)], 1427

Johnson, United States v. [383 U.S. 169 (1966)], 2464

Johnson v. Avery [393 U.S. 483 (1969)], 1434

Johnson v. Los Angeles [865 F. Supp. 1430 (C.D. Cal. 1994)], 2926

Johnson v. Louisiana [406 U.S. 356 (1972)], 264, 1434–1435, 1517, 1518

Johnson v. Mayor & City Council of Baltimore [515 F. Supp. 1287 (1985)], 59

Johnson v. McIntosh [8 Wheat. 543 (1823)], 81

Johnson v. Railway Express Agency, Inc. [421 U.S. 454 (1975)], 403, 893, 1437

Johnson v. Robinson [415 U.S. 361 (1974)], 1482

Johnson v. Texas [491 U.S. 397 (1989)], 2315

Johnson v. Texas [509 U.S. 350 (1993)], 306

Johnson v. Transportation Agency [480 U.S. 616 (1987)], 100, 1435, 1844, 2397–2398

Johnson v. United States [333 U.S. 10 (1948)], 2023, 2330

Johnson v. Zerbst [304 U.S. 458 (1938)], 186, 1193, 1436, 2260, 2261, 2831

Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee v. McGrath [341 U.S. 123 (1951)], 187, 279, 946, 1436, 2025, 2792, 2794

Joint Traffic Association, United States v. [171 U.S. 505 (1898)], 320, 2895

Jones, United States v. [109 U.S. 513 (1883)], 1227

Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co. [392 U.S. 409 (1968)], 96, 98, 146, 403, 405, 407, 911, 1026, 1088, 1241, 1277, 1283, 1293, 1437, 1854, 1887, 2016, 2087, 2099, 2220, 2227, 2299, 2355, 2483, 2487, 2542, 2694

Jones v. North Carolina Prisoners' Union [433 U.S. 119 (1977)], 2012

Jones v. Opelika [319 U.S. 104 (1942)], 814, 1065–1066, 1768, 2302, 2546

Jones v. Rath Packing Co. [430 U.S. 519 (1977)], 1677, 2588

Jones v. Securities & Exchange Commission [298 U.S. 1 (1936)], 1437–1438

Jones v. Thomas [491 U.S. 376 (1989)], 810, 1530

Jones v. United States [463 U.S. 354 (1983)], 1719, 1720

Jones v. Van Zandt [46 U.S. (5 How.) 215 (1847)], 2389, 2923

Jones v. Wolf [443 U.S. 595 (1979)], 2190

Jorn, United States v. [400 U.S. 470 (1971)], 808

Joyce v. City and County of San Francisco [846 F. Supp. 843 (N.D. Cal. 1994)], 1301

Judge Peters, United States v. See Peters, Judge, United States v.

Juilliard v. Greenman [110 U.S. 421 (1884)], 1227, 1582, 2825

Jurek v. Texas [428 U.S. 262 (1976)], 302, 310–312

Just v. Marinette County [201 NW. 2d 761 (Wis. 1972)], 903

Ju Toy, United States v. [198 U.S. 253 (1905)], 1167

K

Kadderly v. City of Portland (Oregon) [74 P. 710 (1903)], 1371–1372

Kadrmas v. Dickinson Public Schools [487 U.S. 450 (1988)], 914, 2397, 2538

Kagama, United States v. [118 U.S. 375 (1886)], 81

Kahn v. Anderson [255 U.S. 1 (1921)], 2505

Kahn v. Shevan [416 U.S. 351 (1974)], 2391

Kahriger, United States v. [345 U.S. 22 (1953)], 152, 996, 1670, 1779, 2658, 2660

Kaimowitz v. Department of Mental Health Civil No. 73-19434-AW [Wayne County, Michigan, Cir. Ct., July 10, 1973)], 2061

Kaiser Aetna v. United States [444 U.S. 164 (1979)], 1564, 2054

Kalina v. Fletcher [522 U.S. 118 (1997)], 654, 1335

Kansas v. Colorado [206 U.S. 46 (1907)], 1344

Kansas v. Hendricks [521 U.S. 346 (1997)], 243, 2406, 2695

Karcher v. Daggett [464 U.S. 725 (1983)], 871, 2134, 2535

Karo, United States v. [468 U.S. 705 (1984)], 875

Kassell v. Consolidated Freightways Corp. of Delaware [450 U.S. 662 (1981)], 1587, 2124, 2514

Kastigar v. United States [406 U.S. 441 (1972)], 64, 622, 694, 1335, 1526–1527, 1857, 2237

Katchen v. Landy [382 U.S. 323 (1966)], 2730

Katz v. United States [389 U.S. 347 (1967)], 711, 873, 1093, 1296, 1527, 1850, 2139–2140, 2169, 2247, 2333, 2336, 2337–2338, 2340, 2342, 2343, 2416, 2542, 2761, 2767, 2768, 2896, 2913

Katzenbach v. McClung [379 U.S. 294 (1964)], 390, 405, 459, 1026, 1089, 1241, 1282–1283, 1778, 2016, 2486, 2694, 2854

Katzenbach v. Morgan [384 U.S. 641 (1966)], 96, 238, 1026, 1090, 1240, 1527, 1629, 1856, 2810, 2813

Kawakita v. United States [342 U.S. 932 (1952)], 2931

Kelley v. Johnson [425 U.S. 238 (1976)], 1811, 2574

Kemmler, In re [136 U.S. 436 (1890)], 1529

Kendall, United States ex rel. Stockes v. [37 U.S. (12 Pet.) 524 (1838)], 289, 705, 2698

Kennedy v. Mendoza-Martinez [372 U.S. 144 (1963)], 1200

Kennedy v. Sampson [511 F. 2d 430 (D.C. Cir. 1974)], 1816, 1921, 2760–2761, 2784

Kennerley, United States v. [209 F. Supp. 119 (1913)], 1264

Kent v. Dulles [357 U.S. 116 (1958)], 1077, 1535, 1587, 1593, 1950

Kent v. United States [383 U.S. 541 (1966)], 1522

Kentucky v. Dennison [65 U.S. (24 How.) 66 (1861)], 1158, 2825–2826

Kentucky v. Stincer [482 U.S. 730 (1987)], 491

Kentucky Department of Corrections v. Thompson [490 U.S. 454 (1989)], 2033

Kepner v. United States [195 U.S. 100 (1903)], 1376

Ker v. California [374 U.S. 23 (1963)], 1535, 2023, 2768

Kessler v. Strecker [305 U.S. 587 (1939)], 284

Keyes v. School District No. 1 of Denver [413 U.S. 189 (1973)], 229, 232, 237, 446, 447, 773, 859, 1535–1536, 1975, 2320

Keyishian v. Board of Regents [385 U.S. 589 (1967)], 22, 36, 230, 234, 238, 855, 1536, 1552, 1648, 2066, 2854

Keystone Bituminous Coal Association v. DeBenedictis [480 U.S. 470 (1987)], 890, 903, 2053, 2535, 2645

Kidd v. Pearson [128 U.S. 1 (1888)], 1536, 1559, 2513

Kilbourn v. Thompson [103 U.S. 168 (1881)], 1536, 1589, 1594, 1708, 2384

Kimbell Foods, Inc., United States v. [440 U.S. 715 (1979)], 978

Kimel v. Florida Board of Regents [120 S.Ct. 631 (2000)], 881

Kimmelman v. Morrison [477 U.S. 365 (1986)], 1253

King v. Smith [392 U.S. 309 (1968)], 2876–2877

King v. Warickshall [1 Leach 263 (1783)], 1922

Kingsley Books, Inc. v. Brown [354 U.S. 436 (1957)], 1538

Kingsley International Pictures Corp. v. Regents [360 U.S. 684 (1959)], 1538

Kinnerbrew, Ex parte [35 F. 52 Court (1888)], 1878

Kinsella v. Krueger [354 U.S. 1 (1957)], 2170

Kinsella v. United States ex rel. Singleton [361 U.S. 234 (1960)], 421, 2839

Kirby v. Illinois [406 U.S. 682 (1972)], 923, 962, 1538–1539, 1627, 2818

Kirchberg v. Feenstra [450 U.S. 455 (1981)], 2390, 2391, 2399

Kirkpatrick v. Preisler [394 U.S. 526 (1969)], 865, 2134

Kirschbaum v. Walling [316 U.S. 517 (1942)], 459, 1539

Klein, In re [1 How. 277 (1843)], 160

Klein, United States v. [80 U.S. (13 Wall.) 128 (1872)], 495, 1469, 1501

Kleindienst v. Mandel [408 U.S. 753 (1972)], 1628, 2802

Kleppe v. New Mexico [426 U.S. 529 (1976)], 900

Klopfer v. North Carolina [386 U.S. 213 (1967)], 440, 1539, 2039, 2465

Knight Company, E. C., United States v. [156 U.S. 1 (1895)], 106, 241, 321, 455, 459, 583, 585, 846, 861, 1037, 1162, 1165, 1266, 1409, 1528, 1539–1540, 1641, 1715, 1778, 1828, 1850, 2046, 2048, 2413, 2414, 2415, 2560, 2591, 2630, 2780, 2894, 2895

Knotts, United States v. [460 U.S. 276 (1983)], 711, 712, 875, 2141

Knowlton v. Moore [178 U.S. 41 (1900)], 784

Knox v. Lee [78 U.S. (11 Wall.) 682 (1871)], 336, 430, 697, 1201, 1581, 1582, 1753, 2563

Knoxville Iron Co. v. Harbison [183 U.S. 13 (1901)], 2414

Kohl v. United States [91 U.S. 367 (1876)], 1970, 2825

Kokinda, United States v. [497 U.S. 720 (1990)], 1213, 2167

Kolender v. Lawson [461 U.S. 352 (1983)], 1540–1541, 1841, 2776

Konigsberg v. State Bar of California [353 U.S. 252 (1957); 366 U.S. 36 (1961)], 606, 1109, 1541

Korematsu v. United States [323 U.S. 214 (1944)], 129, 131–132, 909, 1237, 1247, 1415–1417, 1646, 1769, 2095, 2282, 2624–2625, 2839, 2841, 2930–2931

Kotch v. Board of River Pilot Commissioners [330 U.S. 552 (1947)], 815

Kovacs v. Cooper [336 U.S. 77 (1949)], 461, 1351, 1391, 1542, 1990–1991, 2145, 2453, 2546, 2795

Kramer v. Union Free School District No. 15 [395 U.S. 621 (1969)], 866, 1542

Kras, United States v. [409 U.S. 434 (1973)], 23, 194, 204, 1678, 1680, 2029, 2876

Krofft v. McDonald's Corp. [562 F. 2d 1157 (1977)], 686

Krulewitch v. United States [336 U.S. 440 (1949)], 708, 1241

Kumho Tire Co. v. Carmichael [526 U.S. 127 (1999)], 243

Kungys v. United States [485 U.S. 759 (1988)], 366

Kunz v. New York [340 U.S. 290 (1950)], 1411, 1542, 2189, 2198, 2795

Kusper v. Pontikes [414 U.S. 51 (1973)], 1942, 2007, 2008

L

La Abra Silver Mining Co. v. United States [175 U.S. 423 (1899)], 2785

La Vengeance, United States v. [3 U.S. (3 Dall.) 297 (1796)], 883

Labine v. Vincent [401 U.S. 532 (1971)], 816

Ladue (City of) v. Gilleo [512 U.S. 43 (1994)], 1556–1557

Laird v. Tatum [408 U.S. 1 (1972)], 481, 1557, 2244, 2791, 2842

Lake v. Cameron [364 F. 2d 657 (1966)], 1718

Lake Country Estates v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency [440 U.S. 391 (1979)], 1335, 1558, 1591

Lakeside v. Oregon [435 U.S. 333 (1978)], 2530

Lalli v. Lalli [439 U.S. 259 (1978)], 1326, 1558, 2395, 2733

Lam v. University of Hawaii [40 F. 3d 1551 (9th Cir.1994)], 2091, 2092

Lambert v. Yellowley [275 U.S. 581 (1926)], 2311

Lamb's Chapel v. Center Moriches Union Free School District [508 U.S. 384 (1993)], 1209, 1559–1560, 2070, 2179, 2194

Lamont v. Postmaster General of the United States [381 U.S. 301 (1965)], 179, 1560, 1628, 2850

Landgraf v. USI Film Products [511 U.S. 244 (1994)], 99, 2225

Landmark Communications, Inc. v. Virginia [435 U.S. 829 (1978)], 2745

Landon v. Plascencia [459 U.S. 21 (1982)], 1329, 1330

Lane v. Cotton [88 Eng. Rep. 1458 (1701)], 1217

Lane v. Wilson [307 U.S. 268 (1939)], 909, 1219, 1220, 1629, 2349

Lane County v. Oregon [74 U.S. (7 Wall.) 71 (1869)], 1011, 1037

Lanier, United States v. [520 U.S. 259 (1997)], 986, 2400

Lanier v. South Carolina [474 U.S. 25 (1986)], 1844

Lanza, United States v. [260 U.S. 377 (1922)], 164, 1562

Lanzetta v. New Jersey [306 U.S. 451 (1939)], 345, 1109, 2774

Lapeyre v. United States [84 U.S. (17 Wall.) 191 (1873)], 1995

Larkin v. Grendel's Den, Inc. [459 U.S. 116 (1982)], 1562, 1653

Larry P. v. Riles [495 F. Supp. 926 (N.D. Cal. 1979)], 790

Larson v. Domestic and Foreign Commerce Corp. [337 U.S. 682 (1949)], 1562, 2460

Larson v. Valente [456 U.S. 228 (1982)], 734, 1562–1563

Lassiter v. Department of Social Services [452 U.S. 18 (1981)], 23, 974, 1123, 1362, 1524, 1527, 2025, 2033, 2265, 2808, 2877

Lassiter v. Northhampton County Board of Elections [360 U.S. 45 (1959)], 1089, 1527, 1629

Lau v. Nichols [414 U.S. 563 (1974)], 406, 857, 859, 1563

Lauf v. E. G. Shinner & Company [303 U.S. 323 (1938)], 1825–1826

Lawrence County v. Lead-Deadwood School District [469 U.S. 256 (1985)], 1637

Leach v. Carlile Postmaster [358 U.S. 228 (1921)], 1296

Lear v. Robertson [463 U.S. 248 (1983)], 2399

Leary v. United States [395 U.S. 6 (1969)], 1572–1573

Lebron v. National Railroad Passenger Corp [513 U.S. 374 (1995)], 1573–1574, 2018, 2490–2491

Lee, United States v. [455 U.S. 252 (1882)], 1227, 1575, 2191, 2460

Lee v. Illinois [476 U.S. 530 (1986)], 492

Lee v. Madigan [358 U.S. 228 (1959)], 2505

Lee v. Oregon [107 F. 3d 1382 (9th Cir. (1997)], 2270

Lee v. Washington [390 U.S. 333 (1968)], 2011

Lee v. Weisman [505 U.S. 577 (1992)], 1531, 1575–1576, 1603, 1846, 2179, 2324

Lefkowitz, United States v. [285 U.S. 452 (1932)], 284, 2344

Legal Tender Cases [12 Wall. 457 (1870-1884)], 334, 335–336, 340, 580, 2825

Lego v. Twomey [404 U.S. 477 (1972)], 1743

LeGrand v. Darnall [2 Peters 664 (1829)], 832

Lehigh Valley Railroad, United States v. [254 U.S. 255 (1920)], 421

Lehman v. Shaker Heights (City of) [418 U.S. 298 (1974)], 313, 1213

Lehmann v. Carson [352 U.S. 915 (1957)], 771, 2902

Leisy v. Hardin [135 U.S. 100 (1890)], 586, 1168, 1227, 1601, 1864, 2513, 2870

Leland v. Oregon [343 U.S. 790 (1952)], 718

Lemon v. Kurtzman I [403 U.S. 602 (1971)], 61, 63, 464, 924, 925, 926, 1206, 1208, 1560, 1563, 1601–1602, 1603–1604, 1672, 1763, 1842, 1845, 2110, 2196, 2321, 2371, 2374, 2699, 2752, 2833

Lemon v. Kurtzman II [411 U.S. 192 (1973)], 1601–1602, 2752

Leon, United States v. [468 U.S. 897 (1984)], 1204, 2044, 2156, 2335, 2338, 2340, 2886, 2891

Leser v. Garnett [258 U.S. 130 (1922)], 73, 2118

Levitt v. Committee for Public Education [413 U.S. 472 (1973)], 465, 2375

Levy v. Louisiana [391 U.S. 68 (1968)], 816, 915, 1325–1326, 1401, 1605–1606

Lewis v. Casey [516 U.S. 804 (1996)], 2013

Lewis v. New Orleans [415 U.S. 130 (1974)], 1868

Lewis v. United States [385 U.S. 206 (1955)], 1670

License Cases [46 U.S. (5 How.) (1847)], 325, 562, 742, 844, 1601, 1791, 2409, 2506, 2648, 2652, 2871, 2885, 2908, 2923, 2934

Liggett Company v. Baldridge [278 U.S. 105 (1928)], 2545, 2571

Liggett Company v. Lee [288 U.S. 517 (1933)], 220, 314

Lincoln County v. Luning [133 U.S. 529 (1890)], 877, 878, 879, 1767

Lincoln Electric Co. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue [338 U.S. 949 (1951)], 1994

Lincoln Federal Labor Union v. Northwestern Iron & Metal Co. [335 U.S. 525 (1949)], 185, 1175, 2278

Linda R. S. v. Richard D. [410 U.S. 614 (1973)], 201, 2107, 2473

Lindh v. Murphy [521 U.S. 320 (1997)], 103

Lindsey v. Normet [405 U.S. 56 (1972)], 1301, 2874

Linkletter v. Walter [381 U.S. 618 (1965)], 2224

Linmark Associates v. Willingboro [431 U.S. 85 (1977)], 1628

Little v. Barreme [6 U.S. (2 Cranch) 170 (1804)], 448, 1684

Live Stock Dealers & Butchers Association v. Crescent City Live Stock Landing & Slaughterhouse Co. and Board of Metropolitan Police [77 U.S. (10 Wall.) 273 (1870)], 360, 2923

Livingston v. Van Ingen [5 Johns. 507 (1812)], 1534, 2697

Lloyd Corp. v. Tanner [407 U.S. 551 (1972)], 1566, 2415, 2498

Loan Association v. Topeka [87 U.S. (20 Wall.) 455 (1875)], 376, 431, 584, 783, 1037, 1175, 1636, 1733, 1734, 2075, 2570, 2571

Local 28, Sheet Metal Workers International Association v. EEOC [478 U.S. 421 (1986)], 55

Local 174 v. Lucas Flour [369 U.S. 95 (1962)], 1550

Lochner v. New York [198 U.S. 45 (1905)], 5, 11, 12, 33, 35, 36, 154, 224, 252, 263, 284, 314, 382, 667, 685, 692, 725, 749, 838, 839, 845, 1007, 1115, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1175, 1211, 1263, 1288, 1294, 1296, 1479, 1547, 1552, 1572, 1633, 1638–1639, 1699, 1710, 1715, 1724, 1736, 1764, 1768, 1890, 1908, 1911, 1990, 2049, 2095, 2226, 2278, 2339, 2509, 2571, 2572, 2575, 2577, 2635, 2645, 2712–2713, 2714, 2773, 2858, 2878, 2881–2882, 2892, 2893, 2896, 2897

Lockerty v. Phillips [319 U.S. 182 (1943)], 886, 2937

Lockett v. Ohio [438 U.S. 586 (1978)], 303, 308, 2368

Lockwood, In re [154 U.S. 116 (1894)], 2920

Loewe v. Lawlor [208 U.S. 274 (1908)], 25, 1162, 1203, 1641–1642, 1756, 1911

Logan v. Zimmerman Brush Company [455 U.S. 422 (1982)], 193, 2029

Loper v. New York City Police Department [999 F. 2d 699 (2d Cir. 1993)], 1301

López, United States v. [514 U.S. 549 (1995)], 242, 354, 624, 776, 823, 847, 904, 991, 1010, 1277, 1531, 1570–1571, 1642–1643, 2169, 2660, 2696

Lopez v. United States [373 U.S. 427 (1963)], 1643, 1845, 2456, 2844, 2896

Loretto v. Teleprompter Manhattan CATV Corporation [458 U.S. 419 (1982)], 890, 1643–1644, 2646, 2946

Lorillard v. Pons [434 U.S. 575 (1978)], 2729

Los Angeles v. Lyons [461 U.S. 95 (1983)], 1218

Los Angeles v. Preferred Communications [476 U.S. 488 (1976)], 249

Los Angeles v. Taxpayers for Vincent [466 U.S. 789 (1984)], 2534

Los Angeles Department of Water and Power v. Manhart [435 U.S. 702 (1978)], 406, 2393

Lottery Case. See Champion v. Ames

Loud Hawk, United States v. [474 U.S. 302 (1986)], 2466

Louisiana v. Jumel [107 U.S. 711 (1882)], 2824

Louisiana et al., United States v. [394 U.S. 836 (1969)], 1840

Louisiana ex rel. Francis v. Resweber [330 U.S. 853 (1947)], 280, 1102

Louisiana Light and Power Company v. Thibodaux [360 U.S. 25 (1959)], 19

Louisville, Cincinnati, and Charleston Railroad v. Letson [43 U.S. (2 How.) 497 (1890)], 2653, 2867

Louisville, New Orleans & Texas Pacific Railway v. Mississippi [133 U.S. 587 (1890)], 1645, 1918

Louisville Joint Stock Land Bank v. Radford [295 U.S. 555 (1935)], 161, 677, 1105, 1644–1645, 2932

Louisville Railroad Co. v. Letson [43 U.S. (2 How.) 497 (1844)], 325

Lovasco, United States v. [431 U.S. 783 (1977)], 2466

Lovell v. City of Griffin [303 U.S. 444 (1938)], 1317, 1645, 2186

Lovett, United States v. [328 U.S. 303 (1946)], 174, 257, 495, 629, 1645, 2066

Loving v. Virginia [388 U.S. 1 (1967)], 147, 403, 799, 973, 1118, 1645–1646, 1671, 1724, 1745, 2097, 2098, 2307, 2309, 2355, 2853, 2943

Low v. Austin [80 U.S. (13 Wall.) 29 (1872)], 1725, 1864

Lowe v. City of Monrovia [775 F. 2d 998 (9th Cir. 1985)], 2092

Lowe v. Securities and Exchange Commission [472 U.S. 181 (1985)], 2351

Lowry v. Reagan [676 F. Supp. 333 (D.D.C. 1987)], 2843

Lubin v. Panish [415 U.S. 709 (1974)], 158

Lucas v. Forty-Fourth General Assembly [377 U.S. 713 (1964)], 153, 2228, 2520, 2854

Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council [505 U.S. 1003 (1992)], 848, 905, 1650–1651, 2055, 2149, 2150, 2646

Lugar v. Edmonson Oil Co. [457 U.S. 922 (1982)], 2489, 2492

Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife [504 U.S. 555 (1992)], 905, 1651, 2475

Lukumi Babalu Aye, Inc. v. City of Hialeah [508 U.S. 520 (1993)], 2456

Lustig v. United States [338 U.S. 74 (1949)], 2416

Luther v. Borden [48 U.S. (7 How.) 1 (1849)], 340, 430, 577, 785, 804, 1238, 1239, 1613, 1652–1653, 1949, 2202, 2210, 2648, 2654, 2840, 2923

Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod v. Federal Communications Commission [141 F. 3d 344 (D.C. Cir. 1998)], 57

Lynch v. Donnelly [465 U.S. 668 (1984)], 924, 1055, 1602, 1603, 1653, 1842, 1843, 1845, 2196, 2198, 2376–2377, 2379

Lynch v. Household Finance Corp. [405 U.S. 538 (1972)], 836, 1256, 2227, 2349

Lynch v. Torquato [343 E. 2d [370 (1965)], 1275

Lyng v. Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers [485 U.S. 360 (1988)], 914

Lyng v. Castillo [477 U.S. 635 (1986)], 914, 2533

Lyng v. Northwest Indian Cemetery [485 U.S. 439 (1988)], 82, 1653, 2192, 2380

M

MacDonald, United States v. [456 U.S. 1 (1982)], 1655, 2465–2466

Machinists v. Street [367 U.S. 740 (1961)], 1552, 1553

Machinists Lodge 76 v. Wisconsin Employment Relations Commission [427 U.S. 132 (1976)], 1554

MacIntosh, United States v. [283 U.S. 605 (1931)], 507, 1198

Mack v. United States [521 U.S. 98 (1997)], 2169

Madden v. Kentucky [309 U.S. 83 (1940)], 441, 1655, 2021

Madsen v. Women's Health Center, Inc. [512 U.S. 753 (1994)], 94

Mahan v. Howell [410 U.S. 315 (1973)], 1664–1665, 2134

Maher v. Roe [432 U.S. 464 (1977)], 6, 1272, 1665, 1680, 1885, 2205, 2206, 2394, 2870, 2872, 2874

Maine v. Taylor [477 U.S. 131 (1986)], 806

Maine v. Thiboutot [448 U.S. 1 (1980)], 2350

Mallory v. United States [354 U.S. 449 (1957)], 1029, 1713, 1852, 2856

Malloy v. Hogan [378 U.S. 1 (1964)], 722, 1665–1666, 1923, 2041, 2237, 2286, 2744, 2745–2746, 2856

Malone v. Bowdoin [369 U.S. 643 (1962)], 2460

Mann, State v. See State v. Mann

Manson v. Brathwaite [432 U.S. 98 (1977)], 481, 962

Maple Flooring Manufacturers Association v. United States [268 U.S. 563 (1925)], 2311

Mapp v. Ohio [367 U.S. 643 (1961)], 119, 186, 273, 277, 420, 722, 882, 936, 1092, 1102, 1355, 1462, 1535, 1666–1667, 1869, 2039, 2043–2044, 2155, 2169, 2224, 2334, 2614, 2768, 2796, 2850, 2856, 2903, 2917

Marbury v. Madison [5 U.S. (1 Cranch) 137 (1803)], 109–110, 212, 266, 322, 339, 378, 433, 437–438, 466, 489, 497, 509, 513, 526, 541, 552, 627, 638, 652, 667, 683, 697, 740, 741, 833, 1192, 1287, 1293, 1367, 1393, 1422, 1424, 1443–1444, 1444–1445, 1465, 1468, 1469–1470, 1472, 1474, 1475, 1476, 1477, 1481, 1487, 1496, 1583, 1663, 1667–1670, 1673, 1675, 1682, 1683–1684, 1739, 1821, 1859, 1863, 1883, 1949, 1951, 1953, 1955, 1963, 1986, 1987, 2202, 2236, 2297, 2384, 2460, 2529, 2561, 2589–2590, 2602, 2669, 2682, 2752, 2781, 2858

Marchetti v. United States [390 U.S. 39 (1968)], 1670, 1779, 2452, 2658–2659, 2850

Marion, United States v. [404 U.S. 307 (1971)], 2465

Marks v. United States [430 U.S. 188 (1977)], 2534

Marron v. United States [275 U.S. 192 (1927)], 2339, 2344, 2345

Marsh v. Alabama [326 U.S. 501 (1946)], 389, 692, 1308, 1672, 2015, 2414, 2485, 2487, 2492, 2874

Marsh v. Chambers [463 U.S. 783 (1983)], 1672, 2178, 2376

Marshall v. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad [57 U.S. (16 How.) 314 (1853)], 298, 1230

Marshall v. Barlow's Inc. [436 U.S. 307 (1978)], 44, 1681, 2334

Marshall v. United States [360 U.S. 310 (1959)], 981

Marshfield Family Skateland, Inc. v. Town of Marshfield [464 U.S. 987 (1983)], 482

Marston v. Lewis [410 U.S. 679 (1973)], 831, 2275

Martin v. City of Struthers [319 U.S. 157 (1943)], 1411, 1565, 2189

Martin v. Hunter's Lessee [14 U.S. (1 Wheat.) 304 (1816)], 109, 436, 438, 555, 832, 1250, 1465, 1466, 1496, 1503, 1682, 1685, 1688–1691, 2280, 2554, 2555, 2590

Martin v. Mott [25 U.S. (12 Wheat.) 19 (1827)], 416, 574, 1686, 1691, 2554

Martinez-Fuerte, United States v. [428 U.S. 543 (1976)], 209, 2088

Martino v. Michigan Window Cleaning Co. [327 U.S. 173 (1946)], 1539

Maryland v. Baltimore Radio Show [38 U.S. 912 (1950)], 2077

Maryland v. Buie [494 U.S. 325 (1990)], 1097, 2162

Maryland v. Craig [497 U.S. 836 (1990)], 491, 703, 1691, 2316

Maryland v. Wilson [519 U.S. 408 (1997)], 1097, 2711

Maryland v. Wirtz [392 U.S. 183 (1968)], 967, 990, 1012, 1181, 1211, 1776

Maryland Committee for Fair Representation v. Tawes [377 U.S. 656 (1964)], 2228

Massachusetts v. Laird [400 U.S. 886 (1970)], 755, 1692

Massachusetts v. Mellon [262 U.S. 447 (1923)], 684, 1157, 2468, 2519, 2626, 2659

Massachusetts Board of Retirement v. Murgia [427 U.S. 307 (1976)], 59, 60, 61, 1693–1694

Masses Publishing Co. v. Patten [244 Fed. 535 (1917)], 225–226, 1264, 1696, 2318

Massiah v. United States [377 U.S. 201 (1964)], 1696, 1925, 1929, 2264

Masson v. New Yorker Magazine, Inc. [501 U.S. 496 (1991)], 1609, 1696–1697

Mastro Plastics v. NLRB [348 U.S. 910 (1956)], 1550

Mathews v. DeCastro [429 U.S. 181 (1976)], 2034, 2445

Mathews v. Diaz [426 U.S. 67 (1976)], 66, 368, 1332, 2468

Mathews v. Eldridge [424 U.S. 319 (1976)], 837, 965, 966, 1370, 1565, 1697–1698, 1879, 1979, 2027, 2032–2033, 2445

Mathews v. Lucas [427 U.S. 495 (1976)], 1326, 2732

Matilda's Case (Birney v. Ohio) [80 Ohio 230 (1837)], 560

Matlock, United States v. [415 U.S. 164 (1974)], 2334, 2690

Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp. [631 F. 2d 1069 (1980)], 2728

Maxwell v. Dow [176 U.S. 581 (1900)], 1354, 1700, 1874, 2038, 2744

Mayor of New York v. Miln [36 U.S. (11 Pet.) 102 (1837)], 162, 1328, 1686, 1700, 1712, 2555, 2556, 2648, 2652, 2654, 2698, 2774, 2908

Maze, United States v. [414 U.S. 395 (1974)], 2158

Mazer v. Stein [347 U.S. 201 (1954)], 685

Mazurie, United States v. [419 U.S. 544 (1975)], 761

McAllister v. United States [141 U.S. 174 (1891)], 429

McAuliffe v. Mayor of New Bedford [155 Mass. 216 (1892)], 892, 2065, 2749

McCabe v. Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad [235 U.S. 151 (1914)], 1310, 2900

McCardle, Ex parte [74 U.S. (7 Wall.) 506 (1869)], 318, 335, 339, 340, 497, 579, 746, 1256, 1456, 1469, 1494, 1501, 1701, 1732, 2591, 2609, 2735

McCarthy v. Arndstein [262 U.S. 355 (1924)], 2236

McCleskey v. Kemp [481 U.S. 279 (1987)], 97, 239, 304, 306, 307, 308, 309, 396, 733, 915, 1702–1703, 1980, 2088, 2106–2107, 2164, 2368, 2397, 2443

McClesky v. Zant [499 U.S. 467 (1991)], 2455

McCollum v. Board of Education [333 U.S. 203 (1948)], 188, 1102, 1703–1704, 2145, 2171, 2172, 2176, 2198, 2371, 2377, 2795, 2947

McCormick v. Talbot [61 U.S. (20 How.) 402 (1858)], 1230

McCracken v. Hayward [43 U.S. (2 How.) 608 (1844)], 156

McCray v. Illinois [386 U.S. 300 (1967)], 1368, 2895

McCray v. United States [195 U.S. 27 (1904)], 151, 340, 818, 1704, 2658

McCulloch v. Maryland [17 U.S. 316 (1819)], 75, 160, 250, 258, 317, 376, 410, 436, 438, 442, 458, 484, 497, 498, 555, 559, 627, 628, 630, 659, 667, 690, 692, 693, 744, 777, 900, 995, 999, 1011, 1013, 1015, 1214, 1226, 1259, 1290, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1367, 1383, 1414, 1425, 1446, 1461, 1474, 1487, 1582, 1583, 1585, 1587, 1611, 1633, 1674, 1682, 1685, 1686, 1690, 1705–1707, 1751, 1752, 1753, 1790, 1821, 1855, 1865, 1869, 1910, 1970, 2078, 2280, 2493, 2544, 2554, 2560, 2586–2587, 2653, 2662, 2667–2668, 2687, 2712, 2858, 2871, 2882, 2913, 2922

McDaniel v. Paty [435 U.S. 887 (1978)], 2193, 2197

McDermott v. Wisconsin [228 U.S. 115 (1913)], 2583

McDonald v. Santa Fe Trail Transportation Co. [427 U.S. 273 (1976)], 2155, 2694

McDonald v. Smith [472 U.S. 479 (1985)], 2558

McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green [411 U.S. 792 (1973)], 406

McElvane v. Brush [142 U.S. 155 (1891)], 1529

McGautha v. California [402 U.S. 183 (1971)], 299, 310, 311

McGill v. Brown [Federal, Supreme Court (1833)], 156

McGowan v. Maryland [366 U.S. 420 (1961)], 2122, 2191, 2373, 2584, 2585, 2856

McGrain v. Daugherty [273 U.S. 135 (1927)], 1536, 1594–1595, 1708, 2360, 2780

McIntyre v. Ohio Elections Commission [514 U.S. 334 (1995)], 91

McKeiver v. Pennsylvania [403 U.S. 528 (1971)], 1184, 1523, 1524, 1709, 2729

McLaughlin v. Florida [379 U.S. 184 (1964)], 1646, 1745

McLaughlin v. Tilendis [398 F. 2d 298 (7th Cir. 1968)], 1553

McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents [339 U.S. 637 (1950)], 388, 1745, 2628–2629, 2764, 2792, 2796

McLean v. Arkansas Board of Education [211 U.S. 539 (1909)], 241, 749

McLean v. Arkansas Board of Education [529 F. Supp. 1255 (1982)], 2764

McLemore, United States v. [1714 45 U.S. (4 How.) 286 (1846)], 2459

McMann v. Richardson [397 U.S. 759 (1970)], 1158, 2831

McMillan v. Pennsylvania [477 U.S. 79 (1986)], 2367–2368

McNabb v. United States [318 U.S. 332 (1943)], 1029, 1102, 1713, 2145

McNally v. United States [483 U.S. 350 (1987)], 2535

McRay v. United States [195 U.S. 27 (1904)], 1790

Meachum v. Fano [427 U.S. 215 (1976)], 2532

Mechanik, United States v. [475 U.S. 66 (1986)], 1222–1223

Medina v. California [505 U.S. 437 (1992)], 710

Meech v. Hillhaven West, Inc. [776 F. 2d 488 (Mont. 1989)], 1554

Meek v. Pittenger [421 U.S. 349 (1975)], 349, 2375

Memoirs v. Massachusetts [383 U.S. 413 (1966)], 1194, 1414, 1716–1717, 1734

Memorial Hospital v. Maricopa County [415 U.S. 250 (1974)], 1677, 2275, 2305, 2879

Mempa v. Rhay [389 U.S. 128 (1967)], 2263, 2367

Memphis v. Greene [451 U.S. 100 (1981)], 1679, 1717, 2221, 2694

Memphis Fire Department v. Stotts. See Firefighters Local Union No. 1784 v. Stotts Mendenhall, United States v. [446 U.S. 544 (1980)], 120

Meritor Savings Bank, FSB v. Vinson [477 U.S. 57 (1986)], 1722–1723, 1844, 2397

Merryman, Ex parte [17 F. Cas 144 (C.C. Ma. 1861) (No. 9, 486)], 164, 886, 1432, 1736, 2839, 2841

Metro Broadcasting, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission [497 U.S. 547 (1990)], 33, 56, 238, 239, 469, 623, 916, 917, 1147, 1304, 1723–1724, 2108, 2109, 2165, 2169, 2456, 2537, 2890

Metromedia, Inc. v. San Diego [453 U.S. 490 (1981)], 461, 902, 2529

Metropolitan Board v. Barrie [34 NY 657 (1866)], 1572

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company v. Ward [470 U.S. 869 (1985)], 428, 840, 1724

Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority v. Citizens for the Abatement of Aircraft Noise [501 U.S. 252 (1991)], 2386

Meyer v. Grant [486 U.S. 414 (1988)], 1372, 1939

Meyer v. Nebraska [262 U.S. 390 (1923)], 45, 315, 858, 973, 1118, 1122, 1523, 1671, 1714, 1724, 2188, 2308, 2573, 2642, 2874

Miami Herald Publishing Company v. Tornillo [418 U.S. 241 (1974)], 248, 271, 968, 1047, 1142, 1144, 1147, 1391, 1671, 1725, 2144

Michael H. v. Gerald D. [491 U.S. 110 (1989)], 2162, 2316, 2575

Michael M. v. Superior Court [450 U.S. 464 (1981)], 1725, 2395, 2399, 2418, 2533

Michelin Tire Company v. Administrator of Wages [423 U.S. 276 (1976)], 256, 1348, 1725, 1864, 2493

Michigan v. Chesternut [486 U.S. 567 (1988)], 2338

Michigan v. Long [463 U.S. 1032 (1983)], 34, 2529, 2552

Michigan v. Mosley [423 U.S. 96 (1975)], 1927, 1928

Michigan v. Summers [452 U.S. 692 (1981)], 1725, 2332

Michigan v. Tucker [417 U.S. 433 (1974)], 1927

Michigan Department of State Police v. Sitz [496 U.S. 444 (1990)], 826, 1096, 1725–1726, 2162

Middendorf v. Henry [425 U.S. 25 (1976)], 1726, 1726–1727

Midland Asphalt Corp. v. United States [489 U.S. 794 (1989)], 1223

Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co. [497 U.S. 1 (1990)], 1146, 1729–1730

Milk Wagon Drivers Union v. Meadowmoor Dairies [312 U.S. 287 (1941)], 187

Miller, United States v. [425 U.S. 435 (1976)], 713, 1822, 2140

Miller v. Albright [523 U.S. 420 (1998)], 367, 2400, 2419, 2538

Miller v. Board of Public Works [195 Cal. 477 (1925)], 2510

Miller v. California [413 U.S. 15 (1973)], 251, 1130, 1734–1735, 1839, 1965, 1967, 2833, 2850

Miller v. Horton [152 Mass. 540 (1891)], 943

Miller v. Johnson [515 U.S. 900 (1995)], 58, 868, 1735, 2093, 2137, 2409

Miller v. Schoene [276 U.S. 272 (1928)], 2640

Miller v. United States [78 U.S. (11 Wall.) 268 (1871)], 340, 490, 746

Miller v. United States [307 U.S. 174 (1939)], 2113, 2348

Miller v. Wilson [236 U.S. 373 (1915)], 1309, 1312, 2896

Millett v. People of Illinois [117 Ill. 294 (1886)], 1735–1736

Milligan, Ex parte [71 U.S. (4 Wall.) 2 (1867)], 335, 338–339, 340, 386, 402, 430, 448, 498, 579, 746, 747, 830, 886, 947, 949, 1035, 1246, 1247, 1428, 1463, 1701, 1727, 1732, 1736, 1955, 2085, 2143, 2628, 2777, 2839, 2841, 2868

Milliken v. Bradley [418 U.S. 717 (1974)], 391, 773, 1289, 1638, 1736–1737, 1747, 2221, 2321, 2399, 2890

Milliken v. Bradley [433 U.S. 267 (1977)], 774, 853, 1562, 1736–1737

Mills v. Alabama [384 U.S. 214 (1966)], 872

Mills v. Board of Education [384 F. Supp. 866 (D.D.C. 1973)], 790

Mills v. Duryee [11 U.S. (7 Cranch) 481 (1813)], 1635

Mills v. Hableutzel [456 U.S. 91 (1982)], 1824

Mills v. Rogers [457 U.S. 291 (1982)], 2061

Milnot Co. v. Richardson [350 F. Supp. 221 (N.D. 111. 1972)], 839

Milwaukee Social Democratic Publishing Co. v. Burleson [255 U.S. 407 (1920)], 1296

Mina Queen and Child v. Hepburn [11 U.S. 290 (1813)], 832

Mincey v. Arizona [437 U.S. 385 (1978)], 956, 1743

Minersville School District v. Gobitis [310 U.S. 586 (1940)], 814, 1064–1066, 2186, 2189, 2545

Minneapolis and St. Louis Railway Co. v. Bombolis [241 U.S. 211 (1916)], 2727

Minnesota v. Barber [136 U.S. 313 (1890)], 1266, 1739

Minnesota v. Clover Leaf Creamery Co. [449 U.S. 456 (1981)], 2515

Minnesota v. Dickerson [508 U.S. 366 (1993)], 1912, 1913

Minnesota Mortgage Moratorium Case [290 U.S. 398 (1934)], 2713

Minnesota Rate Cases [230 U.S. 352 (1913)], 283, 1308, 1310, 1312

Minnesota State Board for Community Colleges v. Knight [465 U.S. 271 (1984)], 22

Minor v. Happersett [88 U.S. (21 Wall.) 162 (1875)], 68, 91, 370, 1740, 1808, 2210, 2676, 2807–2808, 2824, 2918, 2919, 2920

Miranda v. Arizona [384 U.S. 436 (1966)], 186, 270, 273, 276, 277, 421, 507, 700, 716, 815, 923, 1200, 1269, 1273, 1280, 1579, 1679, 1741–1744, 1802, 1852, 1856, 1922, 1923, 1925, 1926–1929, 1930–1931, 2044, 2087, 2155, 2169, 2229–2230, 2238, 2239–2240, 2255, 2256, 2263–2264, 2444, 2454, 2456, 2594, 2609, 2614, 2821, 2831, 2850, 2856, 2886, 2889, 2893

Mishkin v. New York [383 U.S. 502 (1966)], 2833

Mississippi, United States v. [380 U.S. 128 (1965)], 877

Mississippi v. Johnson [71 U.S. (4 Wall.) 475 (1867)], 335, 339, 579, 1745, 1950, 2471, 2793

Mississippi v. Stanton [154 U.S. 554 (1868)], 746, 1745, 2628

Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan [458 U.S. 718 (1982)], 857, 1746, 1842, 1844, 2390, 2392, 2399, 2418, 2538

Missouri v. Holland [252 U.S. 416 (1920)], 243, 631, 901, 940, 992, 1011, 1081, 1389, 1446, 1633, 1746, 1983, 1992, 2722

Missouri v. Jenkins [495 U.S. 33 (1990)], 400, 652, 653, 1471, 1529, 1747

Missouri v. Jenkins [515 U.S. 70 (1995)], 1747

Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada [305 U.S. 337 (1938)], 284, 1307, 1311, 1714, 1748–1749, 1797, 2420, 2594, 2795

Missouri Pacific Railroad v. Humes [115 U.S. 512 (1885)], 1749

Missouri Pacific Railway Co. v. Kansas [248 U.S. 276 (1919)], 2785

Mistretta v. United States [488 U.S. 361 (1989)], 195, 762, 984, 1749–1750, 2386

Mitchell v. Forsyth [472 U.S. 511 (1985)], 1336

Mitchell v. Helms [119 S.Ct. 2336 (1999)], 1604

Mitchell v. Laird [488 F. 2d 611 (D.C. Cir. 1973)], 2790

Mitchum v. Foster [407 U.S. 225 (1972)], 1750

M. L. B. v. S. L. J. [519 U.S. 102 (1996)], 1750–1751, 2877

Mobile v. Bolden [446 U.S. 55 (1980)], 1677, 1679, 1751, 1765, 2102, 2108, 2135, 2202, 2811, 2813, 2862, 2890

Monaco v. Mississippi [292 U.S. 313 (1965)], 877

Monell v. Department of Social Services of New York City [436 U.S. 658 (1978)], 363, 853, 1218, 1751, 1754, 1767–1768, 1871, 2349–2350, 2945

Monge v. California [524 U.S. 721 (1998)], 812

Monitor Patriot Co. v. Roy [401 U.S. 265 (1971)], 1805

Monongahela Navigation Co. v. United States [148 U.S. 312 (1893)], 1519

Monroe v. Pape [365 U.S. 167 (1961)], 96, 423, 444, 445, 652, 739, 853, 955, 1025, 1104, 1217, 1373, 1751, 1754, 1767–1768, 2329, 2349

Monsanto, United States v. [491 U.S. 600 (1989)], 983, 2112

Montana Department of Revenue v. Kurth Ranch [511 U.S. 767 (1994)], 811, 2660

Monterey (City of) v. Del Monte Dunes [526 U.S. 687 (1999)], 2151

Monterey Mechanical Co. v. Wilson [125 F. 3d 702 (9th Cir. 1998)], 57

Montgomery County Board of Education, United States v. [395 U.S. 225 (1969)], 169

Moody v. Daggett [429 U.S. 78 (1976)], 2013

Mooney, State v. See State v. Mooney

Mooney v. Holohan [294 U.S. 103 (1935)], 722

Moore v. City of East Cleveland, Ohio [431 U.S. 494 (1977)], 274, 973, 1123, 1289, 1756–1757, 1976, 1987, 2052, 2247, 2534–2535, 2574, 2577, 2892, 2893

Moore v. Dempsey [261 U.S. 86 (1923)], 468, 722, 1100, 1321, 1757–1758, 2038, 2638, 2641

Moore v. Illinois [55 U.S. (14 How.) 13 (1852)], 1230

Moore v. Illinois [434 U.S. 220 (1977)], 962

Moore v. Michigan [355 U.S. 155 (1957)], 2902

Moore v. Missouri [159 U.S. 673 (1895)], 316

Moore v. Ogilvie [394 U.S. 814 (1969)], 1464

Moorman Manufacturing Co. v. Blair [437 U.S. 267 (1978)], 2523

Moose Lodge No. 107 v. Irvis [407 U.S. 163 (1972)], 1411, 1758

Mora v. Mejias [115 F. Supp. 610 (D.P.R. 1953)], 2080

Moran v. Burbine [475 U.S. 412 (1986)], 1743, 1931, 2043, 2240

More, United States v. [7 U.S. (3 Cranch) 159 (1805)], 1469

Morehead v. New York ex rel. Tipaldo [298 U.S. 587 (1936)], 284, 697, 838, 1116, 1313, 1699, 1760–1761, 2156, 2281, 2288, 2289, 2544, 2882

Morey v. Doud [354 U.S. 457 (1957)], 840, 1800

Morgan v. Kerrigan [530 F. 2d 401 (1st Cir. 1976)], 2443

Morgan v. Virginia [328 U.S. 373 (1946)], 204, 280, 1257, 1275, 1761, 2145, 2795

Morissette v. United States [341 U.S. 925 (1951)], 2511

Morris, United States v. [125 F. 322 (1903)], 403

Morris v. Mathews [475 U.S. 237 (1986)], 810

Morrison v. Olson [487 U.S. 654 (1988)], 115, 269, 621, 1342, 1359, 1360, 2129, 2157, 2169, 2314, 2386, 2462–2464

Morrissey v. Brewer [408 U.S. 472 (1972)], 2027

Morse v. Republican Party of Virginia [517 U.S. 186 (1996)], 1938, 2008

Morton v. Mancari [417 U.S. 535 (1974)], 83, 1784

Moses v. Railroad [21 111. 516 (1859)], 2507

Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Institute v. State Farm Mutual [463 U.S. 29 (1983)], 269

Mountain Timber Co. v. Washington [243 U.S. 219 (1917)], 1911

Mt. Healthy City Board of Education v. Doyle [429 U.S. 274 (1977)], 1586

Mt. Vernon-Woodberry Co. v. Alabama Interstate Power [240 U.S. 30 (1916)], 2075

Mozert v. Hawkins County Board of Education [827 F. 2d 1058 (6th Cir. 1987)], 859, 2380

Mueller v. Allen [459 U.S. 820 (1983)], 464, 924, 1763, 2322, 2376, 2378, 2739, 2917

Mugler, State v. See State v. Mugler

Mugler v. Kansas [123 U.S. 623 (1887)], 240, 357, 889, 1168, 1764, 2050, 2510

Mulford v. Smith [307 U.S. 38 (1939)], 62, 458

Mullane v. Central Hanover Bank & Trust [339 U.S. 306 (1950)], 1830

Muller v. Oregon [208 U.S. 412 (1908)], 36, 224–225, 241, 263, 845, 1115, 1166, 1547, 1591, 1699, 1710, 1756, 1764–1765, 2389, 2399, 2440, 2443, 2446, 2529, 2572, 2713, 2881, 2896, 2920

Munn v. Illinois [94 U.S. 113 (1877)], 52, 53, 199, 217, 240–241, 346, 409, 431, 584, 844, 1166, 1205, 1224–1225, 1698, 1734, 1789, 1890, 2048, 2281, 2509, 2510, 2547, 2563, 2817, 2822–2823, 2829–2830, 2917

Munoz-Flores, United States v. [495 U.S. 385 (1990)], 2533

Munro v. Socialist Workers Party [479 U.S. 189 (1986)], 158

Murchison, In re [349 U.S. 133 (1955)], 970

Murdock, United States v. [290 U.S. 389 (1933)], 2745

Murdock v. Memphis [87 U.S. (20 Wall.) 590 (1875)], 1466

Murdock v. Pennsylvania [319 U.S. 105 (1943)], 460, 814, 1427, 1768, 1990, 2191, 2302

Murphy v. Florida [421 U.S. 794 (1975)], 1770

Murphy v. Ford [390 F. Supp. 1372 (1975)], 1770

Murphy v. Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor [378 U.S. 52(1964)], 1334, 2237, 2745–2746

Murray v. Carrier [477 U.S. 478 (1986)], 1253, 1844

Murray v. Corlett [374 U.S. 203 (1963)], 1, 2856

Murray v. Giarratano [492 U.S. 1 (1989)], 2043

Murray v. Hoboken Land Company [59 U.S. (18 How.) 272 (1856)], 829

Murray v. United States [487 U.S. 533 (1988)], 2338

Murray's Lessee v. Hoboken Land & Improvement Co. [59 U.S. (18 How.) 272 (1865)], 735, 1771, 2036

Muskrat v. United States [219 U.S. 346 (1911)], 323, 1771

Musser v. Utah [333 U.S. 95 (1948)], 511

Myers v. Anderson [238 U.S. 368 (1915)], 1041, 1242

Myers v. United States [272 U.S. 52 (1926)], 110–111, 289, 495, 948, 1318–1319, 1611, 1714, 1772, 1847, 2000, 2149, 2384, 2626, 2636

N

NAACP v.… See National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

Nabozny v. Podlesny [92 F. 3d 446 (7th Cir. 1996)], 2404

Nader v. Schaffer [429 U.S. 989 (1976)], 1942

Naim v. Naim [197 Va. 80 (1955-1956)], 1744

Napier v. Atlantic Coast Line R.R. [272 U.S. 605 (1926)], 1988

Nardone v. United States [308 U.S. 539 (1937)], 711, 873, 1774, 1774, 1850, 2417, 2922

Nashville Gas Co. v. Satty [434 U.S. 136 (1977)], 2394

Nathanson v. United States [290 U.S. 41 (1933)], 63

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People v. Alabama ex rel. Flowers [377 U.S. 288 (1964)], 35, 2854

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People v. Alabama ex rel. Patterson [357 U.S. 449 (1958)], 260, 1107, 1109, 1237, 1270, 1549, 1773, 1932, 2243, 2474, 2574, 2867

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People v. Button [371 U.S. 415 (1963)], 229, 230, 231, 234, 238, 1109, 1773, 2071

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People v. Claiborne Hardware Co. et al. [458 U.S. 886 (1982)], 215, 1153, 1237, 1551, 1556, 2529

National Broadcasting Company v. United States [319 U.S. 190 (1943)], 247

National Cable Television Association v. United States [415 U.S. 336 (1974)], 762, 2148

National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Tarkanian [488 U.S. 179 (1988)], 2032, 2489

National Credit Union Administration v. First National Bank &Trust [522 U.S. 479 (1998)], 2474

National Dairy Products Corp., United States v. [372 U.S. 29 (1963)], 2776

National Endowment for the Arts v. Finley [524 U.S. 569 (1998)], 1057, 1137, 1531, 2070, 2751

National Labor Relations Board v. Fainblatt [306 U.S. 601 (1939)], 2821

National Labor Relations Board v. Fansteel Metallurgical Corp. [306 U.S. 240 (1939)], 1550

National Labor Relations Board v. Friedman-Marks Clothing [301 U.S. 58 (1937)], 1715, 2819–2921

National Labor Relations Board v. Fruehauf Trailer Co. [301 U.S. 49 (1937)], 2819–2821

National Labor Relations Board v. Fruit and Vegetable Packers [337 U.S. 58 (1964)], 1550

National Labor Relations Board v. Gissel Packing [395 U.S. 575 (1969)], 1551

National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. [301 U.S. 1 (1937)], 458, 692, 846, 862, 1012, 1035, 1312, 1314, 1547, 1548, 1554, 1639, 2289, 2560, 2677, 2729, 2819–2821

National Labor Relations Board v. Retail Employees Local No. 1001 [447 U.S. 607 (1980)], 215, 1550, 1907

National Labor Relations Board v. Virginia Electric & Power Co. [314 U.S. 469 (1941)], 1551

National League of Cities v. Usery [426 U.S. 833 (1976)], 59, 190, 193, 276, 362, 623, 684, 827, 903, 907, 967, 988, 990, 991, 995, 1002, 1011, 1012, 1089, 1181, 1211, 1292, 1549, 1776–1777, 1845, 2153, 2154, 2155, 2169, 2459, 2481, 2520, 2587, 2668, 2813, 2887

National Mutual Insurance Company v. Tidewater Transfer Company [337 U.S. 583 (1949)], 629, 796, 798

National Organizations For Women, Inc. v. Scheidler [510 U.S. 249 (1994)], 1153

National Prohibition Cases (1920), 73, 862

National Treasury Employees Union v. United States [513 U.S. 454 (1995)], 892, 1782, 2328

National Treasury Employees Union v. Von Raab [489 U.S. 656 (1989)], 331, 822, 825, 826, 1096, 1529, 1782–1783, 2337, 2423

Native American Church v. Navajo Tribal Council [272 F. 2d 131 (1959)], 81–82

Neagle, In re [135 U.S. 1 (1890)], 947, 2311

Neal v. Delaware [103 U.S. 370 (1880)], 1509

Near v. Minnesota [283 U.S. 697 (1931)], 179, 284, 1138, 1144, 1145, 1149, 1311, 1317, 1714, 1787–1788, 1805, 1806, 2009, 2311, 2326, 2594

Nebbia v. New York [291 U.S. 502 (1934)], 53, 321, 838, 845, 1077, 1116, 1175, 1225, 1301, 1311, 1714, 1760, 1761, 1788–1789, 1796, 2281, 2509, 2510, 2571, 2575, 2882

Nebraska Press Association v. Stuart [427 U.S. 539 (1976)], 271, 1142, 1150–1151, 1179, 1181, 1789, 2010, 2077, 2745

Negre v. Larsen [401 U.S. 437 (1971)], 1049

Neil v. Biggers [409 U.S. 188 (1972)], 962

Nevada v. Hall [440 U.S. 410 (1979)], 447, 881

Newberry v. United States [256 U.S. 232 (1921)], 423

New Energy Company of Indiana v. Limbach [486 U.S. 269 (1988)], 2517

New England Divisions Case [261 U.S. 184 (1923)], 2639

New England Power Co. v. New Hampshire [455 U.S. 331 (1982)], 2514

New Hampshire v. Louisiana [108 U.S. 76 (1882)], 2824

New Hampshire Supreme Court v. Piper [470 U.S. 274 (1985)], 1798–1799, 2020

New Jersey v. Portash [440 U.S. 450 (1979)], 1335

New Jersey v. T.L.0. [468 U.S. 1214 (1984)], 825, 856, 2337, 2532

New Jersey v. T.L.0. [469 U.S. 325 (1985)], 1799

New Jersey v. Wilson [11 U.S. (7 Cranch) 164 (1812)], 1350, 1686, 1799, 1910, 2059

New Jersey Steam Navigation Co. v. Merchant's Bank [47 U.S. (6 How.)], 1791

New Mexico, United States v. [456 U.S. 926 (1982)], 1384, 2587

New Negro Alliance v. Sanitary Grocery Company [303 U.S. 552 (1938)], 1826

New Orleans v. Dukes [427 U.S. 297 (1976)], 840, 1220, 1800

New Orleans Water Works Co. v. St. Tammany Water-Works Co. [14 F. 194 (1882)], 1877–1878

Newport News Shipbuilding of Drydock Co. v. EEOC [462 U.S. 669(1983)], 2395

Newport (City of) v. Fact Concerts, Inc. [453 U.S. 247 (1981)], 1768

New State Ice Company v. Liebmann [285 U.S. 262 (1932)], 220, 838, 998, 1008, 1425, 1788, 1802, 2746

New York, Ex parte No. 1 [256 U.S. 490 (1921)], 878

New York v. Belton [453 U.S. 454 (1981)], 2332

New York v. Burger [482 U.S. 691 (1987)], 43, 44, 2337

New York v. Ferber [458 U.S. 747 (1982)], 350, 351, 1802, 1868, 2529–2530, 2531

New York v. Miln [36 U.S. (11 Pet.) 102 (1837)], 2687

New York v. Quarles [467 U.S. 649 (1984)], 1742, 1802–1803, 1841, 1927–1928

New York v. United States [326 U.S. 572 (1946)], 1211, 1226, 1239, 1845

New York v. United States [505 U.S. 144 (1992)], 354, 624, 904, 991, 992, 1009, 1803–1804, 2169, 2844

New York v. Uplinger [467 U.S. 246 (1984)], 2296

New York Central Railroad Company v. Lockwood [84 U.S. 357 (1873)], 217

New York Central Railroad Company v. White [243 U.S. 188 (1917)], 1554, 1804, 2925

New York City Transit Authority v. Beazer [440 U.S. 568 (1979)], 406

New York ex rel. Bryant v. Zimmerman [278 U.S. 63 (1928)], 1237

New York State Club Association v. New York City [487 U.S. 1 (1988)], 1110, 2398

New York Telephone Co. v. New York State Department [440 U.S. 519 (1979)], 1988

New York Times Co. v. Sullivan [376 U.S. 254 (1964)], 16, 167, 179, 231, 234–235, 237, 354, 461, 482, 815, 1056, 1127, 1130, 1134, 1139, 1141, 1146, 1150, 1189, 1235, 1236, 1285, 1322, 1607, 1608, 1788, 1804–1805, 1821, 1898, 1966, 1978, 2009, 2014, 2067, 2353, 2454, 2558, 2579, 2594, 2708–2709, 2745, 2850, 2855

New York Times Co. v. United States [403 U.S. 713 (1971) (per curiam)], 188, 377, 1129, 1139, 1140, 1145, 1232, 1438, 1805–1807, 2326, 2448, 2464, 2542, 2842, 2941

Niemotko v. Maryland [340 U.S. 268 (1951)], 1807, 2198, 2795

Nishimura Eiku v. United States [142 U.S. 651 (1892)], 129, 365, 1328, 1329

Nix v. Williams [467 U.S. 431 (1984)], 1157, 1815, 2045, 2336, 2338

Nixon, United States v. [418 U.S. 683 (1974)], 328, 377, 433, 609, 952–953, 954, 955, 1044, 1118, 1215, 1342, 1359, 1488, 1816, 1817–1818, 1822, 1955, 1994, 2384, 2448, 2529, 2865

Nixon v. Administrator of General Services [408 F. Supp. 321 (1976)], 1708

Nixon v. Administrator of General Services [433 U.S. 425 (1977)], 269, 1818

Nixon v. Condon [286 U.S. 73 (1932)], 284, 1041, 1238, 1307, 1818, 1941, 2007, 2809

Nixon v. Fitzgerald [457 U.S. 731 (1982)], 433, 944, 954, 1335, 1819, 1994, 2887

Nixon v. Herndon [273 U.S. 536 (1927)], 1041, 1296, 1818, 1819, 1941, 2007, 2349, 2492, 2641, 2675, 2809

Nixon v. Sirica [487 F. 2d 700 (1973)], 2865

Nixon v. United States [506 U.S. 224 (1993)], 1340, 1454, 1819–1820, 1953

NLRB. See National Labor Relations Board

Noble State Bank v. Haskell [219 U.S. 104 (1911)], 2509

Nollan v. California Coastal Commission [483 U.S. 825 (1987)], 802, 890, 903, 905, 1381, 2053, 2054, 2055, 2576, 2645, 2646, 2751, 2946

Nordlinger v. Hahn [505 U.S. 1 (1992)], 787

Norman v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. [294 U.S. 240 (1935)], 1201–1202

Norris v. Alabama [294 U.S. 587 (1935)], 1311, 1825, 1959

Norris v. Clymer [2 Pa. 277 (1845)], 833

North American Co. v. Securities and Exchange Commission [327 U.S. 686 (1946)], 459, 1768, 2079

Northeastern Women's Center v. McMonagle (1989), 1153

Northern Pacific Railway Co. v. North Dakota [236 U.S. 585 (1919)], 2927

Northern Pacific Railway Co. v. United States [356 U.S. 1 (1958)], 104, 1540

Northern Pipeline Construction Co. v. Marathon Pipe Line Co. [458 U.S. 50 (1982)], 161, 274, 524, 621, 1019, 1464, 1590, 1827–1828, 2154, 2697, 2887, 2889, 2893

Northern Securities Co. v. United States [193 U.S. 197 (1904)], 749, 1163, 1165, 1166–1167, 1168, 1828, 2413, 2895, 2898

North Haven Board of Education v. Bell [456 U.S. 512 (1982)], 853

Northwest Airlines v. Minnesota [322 U.S. 292 (1944)], 1103

Northwest Central Pipeline Corp. v. State Corporation Commission of Kansas [489 U.S. 493 (1989)], 2517

Northwestern Fertilizer Co. v. Hyde Park [97 U.S. 659 (1878)], 675, 1350, 1828–1829

Northwestern Laundry v. Des Moines [239 U.S. 486 (1916)], 901

Norton v. Shelby County [118 U.S. 425 (1886)], 2752

Nortz v. United States [294 U.S. 317 (1935)], 1201–1202

Norwood v. Harrison [413 U.S. 455 (1973)], 2017

Nostrand v. Little [368 U.S. 436 (1960)], 1648

Noto v. United States [351 U.S. 902 (1961)], 68

Nye v. United States [320 U.S. 755 (1941)], 1102, 1103

Nyquist v. Mauclet [432 U.S. 1 (1977)], 66

O

O'Bannon v. Town Court Nursing Center [447 U.S. 773 (1980)], 194, 2029

O'Brien, United States v. [391 U.S. 367 (1968)], 369, 818, 1232, 1584, 1585–1586, 1831, 1836, 1837, 2631, 2632, 2791, 2854, 2862, 2869

O'Brien v. Brown [409 U.S. 1 (1972)], 1837, 2669

O'Callahan v. Parker [395 U.S. 258 (1969)], 1727

O'Connor v. Donaldson [422 U.S. 563 (1975)], 789, 1718, 1846, 1884, 2025, 2061

O'Connor v. Ortega [480 U.S. 709 (1987)], 2337

O'Donoghue v. United States [289 U.S. 516 (1933)], 1463

Oestereich v. Selective Service Board No. 11 [393 U.S. 233 (1968)], 2790

Ogden v. Saunders [12 Wheat. 213 (1827)], 677, 832, 842, 1433, 1662, 1682, 1686, 1752, 1836, 1848–1849, 2653, 2698, 2732, 2859

O'Gorman & Young v. Hartford Insurance Co. [282 U.S. 251 (1931)], 220

O'Hare Truck Service v. City of Northlake [518 U.S. 712 (1996)], 1886

Ohio v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health [110 S.Ct. 2841 (1990)], 196, 1293

Ohio v. Roberts [448 U.S. 56 (1980)], 481, 492, 933

Ohio v. Robinette [519 U.S. 33 (1996)], 2711

Ohio Life Insurance & Trust Co. v. Debolt [57 U.S. (16 How.) 416 (1854)], 2648

Ohralik v. Ohio State Bar Association [436 U.S. 447 (1978)], 1135

Okanogan Indian v. United States [279 U.S. 655 (1929)], 1921, 2784

Oklahoma Tax Commission v. Jefferson Lines, Inc. [514 U.S. 175 (1995)], 806, 2494, 2495

Oklahoma v. Civil Service Commission [330 U.S. 127 (1947)], 684, 987, 1780

Olcott v. the Supervisors [83 U.S. (6 Wall.) 678 (1873)], 2075

Olden v. Kentucky [488 U.S. 227 (1988)], 491

Oliver, In re [333 U.S. 257 (1948)], 1849

Oliver v. United States [466 U.S. 170 (1984)], 1849, 2140, 2343

Ollman v. Evans [750 F. 2d 970, 996 (D.C. Cir. 1984)], 210, 1861

Olmstead v. United States [277 U.S. 438 (1928)], 221, 284, 711, 719, 721, 872, 873, 1296, 1527, 1633, 1774, 1849–1850, 1853, 2061, 2139, 2241, 2247, 2290, 2340, 2342, 2542, 2573, 2636, 2767, 2896, 2913

Olney v. Arnold [3 U.S. (3 Dall.) 308 (1796)], 2602

O'Lone v. Estate of Shabazz [482 U.S. 342 (1987)], 895, 1201, 1851, 2012, 2380

Olsen v. Nebraska ex rel Reference & Bond Association [313 U.S. 236 (1941)], 1851, 2510

On Lee v. United States [343 U.S. 747 (1952)], 873, 1853, 2896, 2897

Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services [523 U.S. 75 (1998)], 100, 2400

O'Neil v. Vermont [144 U.S. 155 (1892)], 1354, 1529, 2037

One 6.5 mm. Mannlicher-Carcano Military Rifle, United States v. [250 F. Supp. 410 (N.D. Tex. 1966)], 372

Oregon v. Bradshaw [462 U.S. 1039 (1983)], 861, 1928

Oregon v. Elstad [470 U.S. 298 (1985)], 1742, 1841, 1856, 1927–1928, 2240

Oregon v. Hass [420 U.S. 714 (1975)], 1927

Oregon v. Mathiason [429 U.S. 492 (1977)], 1927

Oregon v. Mitchell [400 U.S. 122 (1970)], 274, 440, 608, 1089, 1090, 1629, 1856, 1941, 2596, 2598, 2609, 2743, 2811, 2813, 2887

Oregon Waste Systems v. Department of Environmental Quality [511 U.S. 93 (1994)], 2864

Orlando v. Laird [317 F. Supp. 1013 (E.D.N.Y. 1970) (1971)], 2789

Orloff v. Willoughby [345 U.S. 83 (1953)], 117–118

Orozco v. Texas [394 U.S. 324 (1969)], 1742, 1864–1865

Orr v. Orr [440 U.S. 268 (1979)], 973, 2392, 2393, 2921

Ortwein v. Schwab [410 U.S. 656 (1971)], 23, 204, 2876

Osborn v. Bank of the United States [22 U.S. (9 Wheat.) 738 (1824)], 423, 438, 555, 740, 877, 1228, 1463, 1466, 1467–1468, 1686, 1865, 2871

Osborn v. Ozlin [310 U.S. 53 (1940)], 1548

Osborne v. Ohio [495 U.S. 103 (1990)], 350

Osgood v. Chicago, Danville, and Vincennes R. R. Co. [18 F. Cas. 876 (C.C. Ill. 1875) (No. 10, 604)], 360

O'Shea v. Littleton [414 U.S. 488 (1974)], 1375, 1454, 1865

Otis v. Parker [187 U.S. 606 (1902)], 1296

Overmeyer, D. H., Co. v. Frick Co. [405 U.S. 174 (1972)], 2831

Owen v. City of Independence [445 U.S. 622 (1980)], 1768, 1871, 2350

Owens, United States v. [484 U.S. 554 (1988)], 492

Ownbey v. Morgan [256 U.S. 94 (1921)], 2544

Oyama v. California [332 U.S. 633 (1948)], 66, 129, 131–132, 1871

Ozawa v. United States [260 U.S. 178 (1922)], 129

P

Pace v. Alabama [106 U.S. 583 (1883)], 1038, 1646, 1698, 1744, 1745, 1873, 2827–2828

Pacific Gas and Electric Company v. California Public Utilities Commission [475 U.S. 1 (1986)], 688, 690

Pacific Gas and Electric Company v. Energy Resources Commission [461 U.S. 190 (1983)], 484

Pacific Mutual Life Insurance Co. v. Haslip [499 U.S. 1 (1991)], 195, 2314, 2315

Pacific Railroad Removal Cases [115 U.S. 1 (1885)], 1497

Pacific Railway v. Illinois [118 U.S. 557 (1886)], 217

Pacific States Telephone & Telegraph Co. v. Oregon [223 U.S. 118 (1912)], 785, 789, 1238–1239, 1372, 1950, 2210

Padula v. Webster [822 F. 2d 97 (D.C. Cir. 1987)], 2405

Palermo v. United States [360 U.S. 343 (1959)], 1426

Palko v. Connecticut [302 U.S. 319 (1937)], 33, 164, 170, 315, 830, 1176, 1355, 1855, 1874–1875, 1990, 2038, 2238, 2293, 2572–2573, 2744, 2796

Palmer v. Thompson [403 U.S. 217 (1971)], 1585–1586, 1875, 2487, 2862, 2887, 2890

Palmore v. Sidoti [466 U.S. 429 (1984)], 46, 800, 1123, 1875–1876, 2308, 2402

Palmore v. United States [411 U.S. 389 (1973)], 1590

Panama Refining Company v. Ryan [293 U.S. 388 (1935)], 41, 314, 457, 504, 736, 761, 1316, 1776, 1876–1877, 2317, 2385

Papachristou v. City of Jacksonville [405 U.S. 156 (1972)], 816, 2774

Papasan v. Allain [478 U.S. 265 (1986)], 2874

Paquete Habana [175 U.S. 677 (1900)], 1077, 1390

Paradise, United States v. [480 U.S. 149 (1987)], 1877, 2106

Parden v. Terminal Railway [377 U.S. 184 (1964)], 853, 877, 879, 881, 1382, 1468, 2831–2832

Parham v. Hughes [441 U.S. 347 (1978)], 1326, 2395

Parham v. J. R. [442 U.S. 584 (1979)], 353, 974, 1878–1879, 2031

Paris Adult Theater I v. Slaton [413 U.S. 49 (1973)], 235, 1236, 1734–1735, 1831, 1838, 1839, 2443, 2777

Parker v. Brown [317 U.S. 341 (1943)], 1879, 2461, 2511

Parker v. Davis [78 U.S. (12 Wall.) 457 (1871)], 697, 1581, 2563

Parker v. Levy [417 U.S. 733 (1974)], 117, 1727, 1879, 2776–2777

Parker v. North Carolina [397 U.S. 790 (1970)], 2831

Parratt v. Taylor [451 U.S. 527 (1981)], 653, 2350

Passenger Cases [48 U.S. (7 How.) 283 (1849)], 325, 742, 1230, 1328, 1712, 1791, 1869, 2274, 2409, 2648, 2652, 2867, 2871, 2885, 2908, 2923

Patsy v. Board of Regents [457 U.S. 496 (1982)], 19, 955

Patterson v. Colorado [205 U.S. 454 (1907)], 1299, 1354, 2318

Patterson v. Illinois [487 U.S. 285 (1988)], 1743, 1930

Patterson v. McLean Credit Union [491 U.S. 164 (1989)], 98, 398, 407, 1530, 1887

Patton v. Mississippi [332 U.S. 463 (1947)], 1678

Patton v. United States [281 U.S. 276 (1930)], 1515, 1887

Paul v. Davis [424 U.S. 693 (1976)], 442, 482, 653, 1887–1888, 1888, 2155, 2350

Paul v. Virginia [75 U.S. (8 Wall.) 168 (1869)], 341, 585, 736, 805, 1888, 2458, 2513, 2549

Paxton's Case [51 Mass. Repts. 469 (1761)], 208, 1099, 1323, 1865, 1866, 1888–1889

Payne v. Tennessee [501 U.S. 808 (1991)], 1889

Payton v. New York [445 U.S. 573 (1980)], 121, 1820, 1889, 2332, 2333, 2524, 2881, 2891

Peik v. Chicago & Northwestern Railway Co. [94 U.S. 164 (1877)], 1224–1225

Pell v. Procunier [417 U.S. 817 (1974)], 1891, 2011

Penhallow v. Doane's Administrators [3 U.S. (3 Dall.) 54 (1795)], 1404, 1883, 2603

Penn Central Transportation Co. v. New York City [438 U.S. 104 (1978)], 238, 902, 1564, 1892–1893, 2150, 2535, 2644, 2946

Pennell v. City of San Jose [485 U.S. 285 (1988)], 2158

Pennhurst State School & Hospital v. Halderman [451 U.S. 1, 457 U.S. 1131 (1981, 1984)], 19, 775, 790, 1562, 1721, 1780, 1891, 1893–1894, 2660–2661

Penn Mutual Indemnity Co. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue [277 U.S. F. 2d 16 (1976)], 2421

Pennoyer v. Neff [95 U.S. 714 (1878)], 1500

Pennsylvania v. Finley [481 U.S. 551 (1987)], 2043

Pennsylvania v. Mimms [434 U.S. 106 (1977)], 2552, 2711

Pennsylvania v. Nelson [350 U.S. 497 (1956)], 279–280, 421, 606, 1894, 2351, 2772

Pennsylvania v. Ritchie [480 U.S. 39 (1987)], 492

Pennsylvania v. Union Gas Co. [485 U.S. 958 (1989)], 878, 879, 880, 995, 1010, 1529, 2504

Pennsylvania v. Wheeling and Belmont Bridge Co. [59 U.S. (18 How.) 421 (1852, upheld 1856)], 742, 1712, 1791

Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children v. Pennsylvania [334 F. Supp. 1257 (E.D. Pa. 1971)], 790

Pennsylvania Coal Company v. Mahon [260 U.S. 393 (1922)], 889, 890, 902, 1175, 1296, 1400–1401, 1651, 2054, 2509–2510, 2640, 2644, 2645, 2646, 2647, 2945

Penry v. Lynaugh [492 U.S. 302 (1989)], 306, 1843, 1895, 2369

Pensacola Telegraph Co. v. Western Union Telegraph Co. [96 U.S. 1 (1878)], 1319, 1896, 2824

Pentagon Papers case. See New York Times v. United States

Peonage Cases [320 U.S. 527 (1903)], 1897

People v. Bogdanoff [254 N.Y. 16 (1930)], 2258

People v. Croswell [3 Johnson's Cases 336 (NY 1804)], 1260, 1534, 1897–1898

People v. Hobson [401 NY S. 2d 967 (1976)], 2264

People v. Jackson & Co. [9 Mich. 285 (1861)], 2507

People v. Lemmon [20 N.Y. 562 (1860)], 4

People v. Ruggles [8 Johns. 290 (1811)], 1534

People v. Wheeler [583 P. 2d 748 (1978)], 2728

Perez v. Brownell [356 U.S. 44 (1958)], 1950, 2733, 2834, 2902–2903

Perez v. Ledesma [410 U.S. 82 (1971)], 756

Perez v. United States [402 U.S. 146 (1971)], 459, 1567, 1778–1779, 1899, 2415–2416

Perkins v. Elg [307 U.S. 325 (1939)], 956

Permian Basin Area Rate Cases [390 U.S. 747 (1968)], 2385

Pernell v. Southall Realty Co. [416 U.S. 363 (1974)], 2729

Perry v. Sinderman [408 U.S. 593 (1972)], 203, 897

Perry v. United States [294 U.S. 330 (1935)], 1201–1202, 2288

Perry Education Association v. Perry Local Educators'Association [460 U.S. 37 (1983)], 686, 1213, 1899–1900, 2052, 2068

Personnel Administrator of Massachusetts v. Feeney [442 U.S. 256 (1979)], 474, 1679, 1902, 2392–2393, 2533

Peters, Judge, United States v. [9 U.S. (5 Cranch) 115 (1809)], 883, 1441–1442, 1685, 1902, 2859

Peters v. Hobby [349 U.S. 331 (1955)], 946, 2438, 2448

Peters v. Kiff [407 U.S. 493 (1972)], 1510

Peters v. New York [392 U.S. 40 (1968)], 2552–2553, 2553

Petersburg Judges of Elections, United States v. [27 F. Cas. 506 (C.C. D.C. 1874) (No. 16, 036)], 207

Peterson v. City of Greenville [373 U.S. 244 (1963)], 371

Petit v. Minnesota [177 U.S. 164 (1900)], 2584

Petition of R.M.G. [454 A. 2d 776 (D.C. Cir. 1982)], 46

Pettigrew v. United States [97 U.S. 385 (1878)], 1727, 1732, 1879

Philadelphia v. New Jersey [437 U.S. 617 (1978)], 806, 1010, 1904, 2514, 2566, 2864

Philadelphia & Reading Railroad v. Pennsylvania [82 U.S. (15 Wall.) 232 (1873)], 747, 1904, 2521

Philadelphia and Trenton Railroad, In re [6 Whart. 25 (1840)], 1192

Philadelphia Newspapers, Inc. v. Hepps [475 U.S. 767 (1986)], 1609, 2534

Phillips v. Martin Marietta Corporation [400 U.S. 542 (1971)], 2091

Phillips v. Washington Legal Foundation [524 U.S. 156 (1998)], 2646

Phillips Petroleum Co. v. Shutts [472 U.S. 797 (1985)], 358

Pickering v. Board of Education [391 U.S. 563 (1968)], 856, 892, 1676, 1677, 1886, 2066

Pickett v. Brown [461 U.S. 1 (1983)], 1824

Pico v. Board of Education [457 U.S. 853 (1982)], 2750

Pierce v. Hill Military Academy [268 U.S. 510 (1925)], 2188

Pierce v. Society of Sisters [268 U.S. 510 (1925)], 315, 352, 353, 854, 858, 1118, 1122, 1372, 1714, 1908, 2188, 2321, 2374, 2519, 2573, 2641–2642, 2738

Pierce v. Somerset Railway [171 U.S. 641 (1898)], 2830

Pierce v. United States [386 U.S. 547 (1920)], 1911, 2841

Pierson v. Ray [386 U.S. 547 (1967)], 944, 1335, 1453, 1908–1909, 2319

Pike v. Bruce Church, Inc. [397 U.S. 137 (1970)], 806, 2514–2515, 2516

Pine Grove Township v. Talcott [86 U.S. (19 Wall.) 666 (1874)], 676

Pink, United States v. [315 U.S. 203 (1942)], 737, 942, 951, 1390, 1909–1910, 1997

Pinkerton v. United States [328 U.S. 640 (1946)], 708

Pinkus v. United States [436 U.S. 293 (1978)], 351

Piqua Branch of the State Bank of Ohio v. Knoop [57 U.S. (16 How.) 369 (1854)], 298, 325, 676, 801, 1350, 1712, 1910–1911

Pitts v. Black [608 F. Supp. 696 (S.D. N.Y. 1984)], 1302

Pittsburgh Melting Company v. Toten [248 U.S. 1 (1918)], 749

Place, United States v. [462 U.S. 696 (1983)], 713, 1914

Planned Parenthood v. Casey [505 U.S. 833 (1992)], 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 196, 432, 625, 1531, 1813–1814, 1845, 1914–1916, 2097, 2122–2123, 2159, 2168, 2316, 2456, 2714

Planned Parenthood Association v. Ashcroft [462 U.S. 476 (1983)], 353, 2207, 2208

Planned Parenthood of Central Missouri v. Danforth [428 U.S. 52 (1976)], 5–6, 192, 353, 974, 1916, 2206, 2207, 2208, 2528

Plant v. Woods [176 Mass. 492 (1900)], 1547

Planters Bank v. Sharp [47 U.S. (6 How.) 301 (1848)], 742, 2923

Plessy v. Ferguson [163 U.S. 537 (1896)], 12, 15, 54, 129, 170, 253, 254, 259, 375, 388, 389, 399, 411, 527, 587, 771, 794, 909, 991, 1166, 1167, 1204, 1265, 1267, 1631, 1870, 1918–1920, 1950, 1987, 2062, 2094, 2109, 2159, 2217, 2253, 2282, 2308, 2354, 2369, 2403, 2443, 2458, 2484, 2597, 2599, 2693, 2713–2714, 2764, 2792, 2795, 2796, 2828, 2849, 2898

Plurality Opinion in Board of Education v. Pico (1982), 855, 856

Plyler v. Doe [457 U.S. 202 (1982)], 66, 183, 233, 239, 275, 365, 428, 857, 914, 1077, 1330, 1331, 1920, 1976, 1980

Pocket Veto Case (Okanogan Indians v. United States) [279 U.S. 655 (1929)], 1921, 2784

Poe v. Ullman [367 U.S. 497 (1961)], 12, 1233, 1269, 1270, 1520, 2247, 2456, 2903

Poelker v. Doe [432 U.S. 519 (1977)], 6, 1665, 2205

Poindexter v. Greenhow [114 U.S. 269 (1885)], 1698

Poindexter v. Louisiana Financial Assistance Commission [389 U.S. 571 (1968)], 2738

Pointer v. Texas [380 U.S. 400 (1955)], 932, 1269, 1921, 2039

Polaroid Corp. v. Eastman Kodak Co. [490 U.S. 1047 (1989)], 1882

Police Department of Chicago v. Mosley [408 U.S. 92 (1972)], 1215, 1677, 1907, 1921–1922, 2070

Polk County v. Dodson [454 U.S. 312 (1981)], 2492

Pollard's Lessee v. Hagan [45 U.S. (3 How.) 212 (1845)], 2825

Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Company [158 U.S. 601 (1895)], 241, 252, 320, 357, 429, 583, 784, 836, 994, 1036, 1164–1165, 1167, 1168, 1227, 1244, 1268, 1409, 1869, 1959–1960, 1964, 2048, 2421, 2543, 2591–2592, 2598, 2609, 2628, 2858, 2894, 2897

Pollock v. Williams [322 U.S. 4 (1944)], 1960–1961

Pope v. Williams [193 U.S. 621 (1904)], 69

Porterfield v. Webb [263 U.S. 225 (1923)], 129, 131, 284

Posadas de Puerto Rico Associates v. Tourism Company of

Puerto Rico [478 U.S. 328 (1986)], 462, 464, 1133, 1969

Postal Clerks v. Blount [404 U.S. 802 (1971)], 1553

Pottinger v. Miami [810 F. Supp. 1551 (S.D. Fla.1992)], 1301

Poulos v. New Hampshire [345 U.S. 395 (1953)], 2794–2795

Powell v. Alabama [287 U.S. 45 (1932)], 284, 720, 1193, 1311, 1355, 1959, 1981, 2036, 2038, 2087, 2260–2261, 2263, 2265, 2626, 2780

Powell v. McCormack [395 U.S. 486 (1969)], 501, 502, 1306, 1476, 1488, 1950, 1981, 2670, 2853

Powell v. Pennsylvania [127 U.S. 678 (1888)], 586, 1114, 1115, 2829, 2830

Powell v. Texas [392 U.S. 514 (1968)], 730, 1484, 2774–2775

Powers v. Ohio [499 U.S. 400 (1991)], 165, 1514, 1515, 1899

Preiser v. Rodriguez [411 U.S. 475 (1973)], 955

Press-Enterprise Co. v. Superior Court [464 U.S. 501 (1984)], 1214, 2803

Press-Enterprise Co. v. Superior Court [478 U.S. 1 (1986)], 1152, 1214

Presser v. Illinois [116 U.S. 252 (1886)], 1729, 2113, 2924

Price, United States v. [383 U.S. 787 (1966)], 733, 2006

Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins [490 U.S. 228 (1989)], 1844

Prigg v. Pennsylvania [41 U.S. (16 Pet.) 539 (1842)], 409, 562, 1159, 1230, 1712, 1901, 2006, 2430, 2431, 2506, 2554–2555, 2649, 2654, 2698, 2825, 2868

Primus, In re [436 U.S. 412 (1978)], 2071

Prince v. Bartlett [8 Cranch 431 (1814)], 832

Prince v. Massachusetts [312 U.S. 158 (1944)], 353, 2008, 2191

Principality of Monaco v. Mississippi [292 U.S. 313 (1934)], 878

Printz v. United States [521 U.S. 98 (1997)], 624, 904, 991, 1531, 1803, 1845, 2169, 2456, 2503

Prize Cases [2 Black (67 U.S.) 635 (1863)], 325, 340, 415, 430, 649, 746, 886, 949, 1230, 1736, 1791, 2628, 2837, 2840, 2868

Pro-Choice Network of Western New York v. Schenck [519 U.S. 357 (1997)], 94

Procunier v. Martinez [416 U.S. 396 (1974)], 2012, 2046

Procunier v. Navarette [434 U.S. 555 (1978)], 2319

Proffitt v. Florida [428 U.S. 242 (1976)], 302, 310–312

Progressive, The, United States v. [467 F. Supp. 990 (W.D. Wisc. 1979)], 2326–2327

Propeller Genesee Chief v. FitzHugh [53 U.S. (12 How.) 443 (1851)], 742, 1791, 1870, 2051, 2648, 2650, 2654

Providence Bank v. Billings [29 U.S. (4 Pet.) 514 (1830)], 333, 675, 1686, 2059–2060, 2653

Prudential Insurance Company v. Benjamin [328 U.S. 408 (1946)], 817, 1012, 1822, 2060

Prudential Insurance Company v. Cheek [252 U.S. 567 (1922)], 1045–1046

PruneYard Shopping Center v. Robins [447 U.S. 74 (1980)], 1320, 2054, 2060, 2154, 2157–2158, 2415

Ptasynski, United States v. [462 U.S. 74 (1983)], 784

Public Clearing House v. Coyne [194 U.S. 497 (1904)], 1970

Public Utilities Commission v. Pollack [343 U.S. 451 (1952)], 313, 2795

Pulley v. Harris [460 U.S. 1036 (1984)], 303

Pulliam v. Allen [466 U.S. 522 (1984)], 654, 1335, 1454

Pumpelly v. Green Bay Co. [80 U.S. (13 Wall.) 166 (1872)], 1037

Q

Quackenbush v. Allstate Insurance Co. [517 U.S. 706 (1996)], 20

Quern v. Jordan [440 U.S. 332 (1979)], 2085, 853, 2350

Quick Bear v. Leupp [210 U.S. 50 (1908)], 82, 2371

Quilloin v. Walcott [434 U.S. 246 (1978)], 2395

Quinlan, In re [355 A. 2d 647 (N.J. Super. Ct. (1976)], 2268

Quinn v. United States [349 U.S. 155 (1955)], 1305, 1595, 2237

Quirin, Ex parte [317 U.S. 1 (1942)], 1247, 2085, 2551, 2719, 2931

R

Rabinowitz, United States v. [339 U.S. 56 (1950)], 1102, 1264, 1740, 2344

Rahrer, In re [140 U.S. 545 (1891)], 1168, 1601, 2513, 2870

Railroad Commission Cases [116 U.S. 352 (1886)], 199, 2823, 2830

Railroad Commission of Texas v. Pullman Company [312 U.S. 496 (1941)], 18–19, 1373

Railroad Company, United States v. [84 U.S. (17 Wall.) 322 (1873)], 1319

Railroad Company v. Maryland [88 U.S. (21 Wall.) 456 (1875)], 217

Railroad Company v. Peniston. See Union Pacific Railroad v. Peniston Railroad Retirement Board v. Alton Railroad Co. [295 U.S. 496 (1935)], 457, 459, 1311, 2115, 2115, 2226, 2281

Railway Employees' Department v. Hanson [351 U.S. 225 (1956)], 1552, 1553

Railway Express Agency v. New York [336 U.S. 106 (1949)], 840, 1588, 1592, 2115

Railway Labor Executives' Association v. Gibbons [455 U.S. 457 (1982)], 161

Raines v. Byrd [521 U.S. 811 (1997)], 243, 502, 626, 1627, 2475, 2844

Rakas v. Illinois [439 U.S. 128 (1978)], 2044, 2156, 2335

Ramsey, United States v. [431 U.S. 606 (1977)], 209

Randall v. Brigham [74 (7 Wall.) 523 (1869)], 1335, 1453

Randall v. Meese [854 F. 2d 472 (D.C. Cir. 1988)], 1196

Rassmussen v. United States [197 U.S. 516 (1905)], 1169, 1376

R. A. V. v. City of St. Paul [505 U.S. 377 (1992)], 891, 1056–1057, 1136, 1154, 1276, 1278, 2123–2124, 2538, 2913, 2926

Rawlings v. Kentucky [448 U.S. 98 (1980)], 2044

Ray v. Blair [343 U.S. 214 (1952)], 1942

Raymond Motor Transportation Company v. Rice [434 U.S. 429 (1978)], 2124, 2514

Raynes v. Baird [521 U.S. 811 (1997)], 2387

Reagan v. Farmer's Loan & Trust Co. [154 U.S. 362 (1894)], 241, 346, 970, 1166, 2129–2130, 2437

Real Estate Association v. McNary [454 U.S. 100 (1981)], 2156

Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. Federal Communications Commission [395 U.S. 367 (1969)], 247, 248, 249, 446, 968, 969, 1147, 1391, 1671, 1723, 1725, 2144, 2144, 2739–2740, 2890

Redrup v. New York [386 U.S. 767 (1967)], 2855

Reed v. Farley [512 U.S. 339 (1994)], 2467

Reed v. Reed [404 U.S. 71 (1971)], 270, 914, 1032, 1156, 1185, 1196, 2390, 2393, 2398–2399, 2921

Reese v. United States [92 U.S. 214 (1876)], 217, 430, 1024, 1041, 1070, 1319, 1415, 2145–2146, 2822–2823, 2827, 2938

Reeves, Inc. v. Stake [447 U.S. 429 (1980)], 1212, 2052, 2515

Regan v. Taxation With Representation of Washington, Inc. [461 U.S. 540 (1983)], 1237

Regan v. Wald [468 U.S. 222 (1984)], 2146

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke [438 U.S. 265 (1978)], 22, 35, 53, 54, 55, 57, 96, 122, 169, 194, 232, 238, 239, 277, 376, 391, 397, 406, 760, 794, 917, 1172, 1304, 1379, 1563, 1587, 1677, 1679, 1760, 1976, 1978, 1980, 2078, 2094, 2104, 2109, 2110, 2111, 2146–2147, 2231, 2529, 2713, 2756, 2890

Regina v. Hicklin [16 W.R. 801 (1868)], 2748

Regional Rail Reorganization Act Cases [419 U.S. 102 (1974)], 161, 2278

Reid v. Covert [354 U.S. 1 (1957)], 386, 603, 959, 960, 1727, 1950, 1992, 2170, 2672, 2719, 2722, 2839

Reidel, United States v. [402 U.S. 351 (1971)], 1677

Reitman v. Mulkey [387 U.S. 369 (1967)], 280, 785, 786, 2170–2171, 2220, 2487, 2492

Remington, United States v. (2d Cir. 1953), 1221

Rendell-Baker v. Kohn [457 U.S. 830 (1982)], 200, 2018, 2492

Rennie v. Klein [462 F. Supp. 1131 (D.N.J. 1978)], 790, 1720

Reno v. ACLU [521 U.S. 844 (1997)], 249, 471, 969, 1057, 1148, 1392

Reno v. Condon [120 S.Ct. 666 (2000)], 993

Renton (City of) v. Playtime Theatres [475 U.S. 41 (1986)], 381, 1054, 1057, 1133, 1832, 2199

Respublica v. Chapman [1 Dall. 53 (Penna. 1781)], 364

Retail Clerks v. Schermerhorn [373 U.S. 746 (1963)], 2278

Reves v. Ernst & Young [494 U.S. 56 (1990)], 1860

Rewis v. United States [401 U.S. 808 (1971)], 1570

Reynolds, United States v. [235 U.S. 133 (1914)], 1897, 2008, 2900

Reynolds v. Sims [377 U.S. 533 (1964)], 152, 153, 172, 233, 237, 273, 274, 277, 326, 440, 866, 871, 1227, 1268, 1271, 1462, 1853, 2133, 2134, 2202, 2227–2229, 2520, 2713–2714, 2765, 2804, 2849, 2854

Reynolds v. United States [98 U.S. 145 (1879)], 299, 748, 973, 1048, 1065, 1290, 1768, 1961, 2180, 2186, 2229

Rhode Island v. Innes [446 U.S. 291 (1980)], 1742, 1922, 1928, 2229–2230, 2238

Rhode Island v. Palmer [253 U.S. 350 (1920)], 2803, 2927

Rhodes v. Chapman [452 U.S. 337 (1981)], 730

Rhodes v. Iowa [170 U.S. 412 (1890)], 1168

Ribnik v. McBride [277 U.S. 350 (1928)], 1115, 1851, 2230, 2746

Rice v. Cayetano [120 S.Ct. 1044 (2000)], 1784

Rice v. Paladin Enterprises, Inc. [128 F. 3d 233 (4th Cir. 1997)], 1154

Rice v. Sante Fe Elevator Corp. [331 U.S. 218 (1947)], 1988, 1989

Richards v. Wisconsin [520 U.S. 385 (1997)], 1097

Richardson, United States v. [418 U.S. 166 (1974)], 1215, 2662

Richardson v. Marsh [481 U.S. 200 (1987)], 492

Richardson v. McKnight [521 U.S. 399 (1997)], 243

Richmond (City of) v. Deans [281 U.S. 704 (1930)], 2219, 2468

Richmond (City of) v. J. A. Croson Co. [488 U.S. 469 (1989)], 33, 55, 56, 398, 400, 623, 848, 915, 1530, 1679–1680, 1843, 1845, 2106, 2108, 2165, 2169, 2230–2231, 2313, 2398, 2537, 2538, 2890, 2934

Richmond Newspapers, Inc. v. Virginia [448 U.S. 555 (1980)], 271, 972, 1107, 1117, 1132, 1142, 1144, 1145–1146, 1151, 1181, 1214, 1215, 1811, 1812, 1979, 2010, 2077, 2231–2232, 2271–2272

Rideau v. Louisiana [373 U.S. 723 (1963)], 1150

Riggs v. Taylor [22 U.S. (9 Wheat.) 485 (1824)], 2704

Ristano v. Ross [424 U.S. 589 (1976)], 2803

Rivera v. Marcus [696 F. 2d 1016 (2d Cir. 1982)], 1084

Rivera-Rodriguez v. Popular Democratic Party [452 U.S. 1 (1982)], 865, 1943

Rizzo v. Goode [423 U.S. 362 (1976)], 276, 1375, 2155, 2156, 2280

Robbins v. California [453 U.S. 420 (1981)], 2295

Robbins v. Shelby County Taxing District [120 U.S. 489 (1887)], 217, 1162, 1227

Robel, United States v. [389 U.S. 258 (1967)], 1650, 1868, 2280–2281, 2850, 2854

Roberts v. City of Boston [5 Cush. (Mass.) 198 (1850)], 735, 771, 1086, 1204, 1918, 2282–2283, 2354, 2583

Roberts v. Louisiana [428 U.S. 325 (1976)], 310–312

Roberts v. United States Jaycees [468 U.S. 609 (1984)], 1110, 1119, 1237, 2016–2017

Robertson v. Wegmann [436 U.S. 584 (1978)], 403, 2227

Robinson, United States v. [414 U.S. 218 (1973)], 2156, 2283, 2331–2332, 2343

Robinson v. Cahill [118 NJ Super 223 (1973)], 2498

Robinson v. California [370 U.S. 660 (1962)], 729, 731, 1484, 2542, 2774

Robinson v. DiCenso [403 U.S. 602 (1971)], 1601

Robinson v. Jacksonville Shipyards [760 F. Supp. 1486 (M.D. Fla. 1991)], 2926

Rochin v. California [342 U.S. 165 (1952)], 186, 229, 485, 1102, 1405, 2037, 2039, 2041, 2283–2284, 2561

Rock Royal Co-Op, Inc., United States v. [307 U.S. 533 (1939)], 63, 1316, 2932–2933

Rodriguez v. McLoughlin [49 F. Supp. 2d 186 (S.D. N.Y. 1999)], 1084

Roe v. Wade [410 U.S. 113 (1973)], 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11–12, 13, 14, 92–93, 155, 182, 189, 190, 191, 192, 195, 196, 210, 211, 270, 274, 277, 315, 316, 381, 383, 473, 508, 625, 700, 725, 759, 792, 800, 816, 839, 1008, 1118, 1175, 1196–1197, 1233, 1272, 1291, 1293, 1324, 1393, 1449, 1461–1462, 1480, 1530, 1531, 1615, 1639, 1665, 1680, 1811, 1812, 1813, 1843, 1845, 1861, 1900, 1901, 1914–1916, 1979, 2020, 2052, 2056, 2057, 2078, 2126, 2156, 2158, 2159, 2163, 2168, 2203, 2204–2207, 2208, 2242, 2244, 2246, 2247, 2248, 2268, 2284–2286, 2313, 2328, 2394, 2448, 2454–2455, 2456, 2528, 2574, 2575, 2576, 2577, 2578, 2594, 2699, 2714, 2872, 2888, 2892, 2893, 2921

Roemer v. Board of Public Works [426 U.S. 736 (1976)], 2375

Rogers v. Bellei [401 U.S. 815 (1971)], 366, 957

Rogers v. Lodge [458 U.S. 613 (1982)], 1765, 2286, 2863, 2890, 2892

Rogers v. Missouri Pacific Railroad Co. [352 U.S. 521 (1957)], 2296, 2726

Rogers v. Okin [634 F. 2d 650 (1980)], 1719, 1720

Rogers v. Richmond [365 U.S. 534 (1961)], 1924, 2286

Rogers v. United States [340 U.S. 367 (1951)], 2831

Rome (City of) v. United States [446 U.S. 156 (1980)], 879, 1089, 2810, 2812, 2813

Romer v. Evans [517 U.S. 620 (1996)], 383, 400, 429, 432, 787, 788, 917, 1197, 1531, 2122, 2123, 2170, 2286–2287, 2404, 2405, 2456, 2538

Ronan, Sheriff, United States ex rel. Hover v. [3 F. 117 (1887)], 1878

Roosevelt v. Meyer [68 U.S. (1 Wall.) 512 (1863)], 2628

Rosales-Lopez v. United States [449 U.S. 819 (1981)], 2803

Rosario v. Rockefeller [410 U.S. 752 (1973)], 2007

Rose v. Lundy [455 U.S. 509 (1982)], 193, 2532

Rose v. Mitchell [443 U.S. 545 (1979)], 1253

Rosenberg v. United States [346 U.S. 273 (1953)], 1102, 2294, 2719

Rosenberg v. United States [360 U.S. 367 (1959)], 1426

Rosenberger v. Rector & Visitors of the University of Virginia [515 U.S. 809 (1995)], 926, 1136, 1209, 2070, 2173, 2179, 2194, 2294, 2322, 2456, 2568, 2751

Rosenblatt v. Baer [383 U.S. 75 (1966)], 1805, 2855

Rosenbloom v. Metromedia, Inc. [403 U.S. 29 (1971)], 1189, 1608

Rosenfeld v. New Jersey [408 U.S. 901 (1972)], 1042

Ross, In re [140 U.S. 453 (1891)], 958, 959

Ross, United States v. [456 U.S. 798 (1981)], 2294–2295, 2332

Ross v. Bernhard [396 U.S. 531 (1970)], 2388, 2730

Ross v. Moffitt [417 U.S. 600 (1974)], 23, 817, 2262, 2295

Rostker v. Goldberg [453 U.S. 57 (1981)], 117, 507, 1679, 2295–2296, 2395–2396, 2399, 2418, 2472, 2533

Roth v. United States [354 U.S. 476 (1956)], 235, 1100, 1194, 1269, 1414, 1716, 1734, 1837, 1965, 1968, 2296, 2747, 2855

Rothstein v. Wyman [462 F. 2d 226 (1972)], 1708

Rouse v. Cameron [373 F. 2d 451 (D.C. Cir. 1966)], 1718

Royall, Ex parte [117 U.S. 241 (1886)], 955, 1249

Royster, F. S. Guano, Company v. Virginia [253 U.S. 412 (1920)], 1588

Rubin v. Coors Brewing Co. [514 U.S. 476 (1995)], 1135

Ruggles v. Illinois [108 U.S. 526 (1883)], 2823

Rummel v. Estelle [445 U.S. 263 (1980)], 729, 731, 2299

Rundle v. Delaware and Raritan Canal Co. [55 U.S. (14 How.) 80 (1852)], 742

Runyon v. McCrary [427 U.S. 160 (1976)], 96, 98, 403, 407, 1026, 1277, 1437, 1530, 1887, 2227, 2299–2300, 2488, 2694, 2738

Russell, United States v. [411 U.S. 423 (1973)], 899

Russello v. United States [464 U.S. 16 (1983)], 2112

Rust v. Sullivan [500 U.S. 173 (1991)], 196, 1136, 1531, 2070, 2169, 2300, 2455, 2567–2568, 2750

Rutan v. Republican Party of Illinois [497 U.S. 62 (1990)], 948, 1213, 1886, 1939, 2300–2301

Rutgers v. Waddington [New York Mayor's Court (1784)], 541, 828, 1258, 2301

S

Sable Communications of California, Inc. v. FCC [492 U.S. 115 (1989)], 351, 778, 1148

Saenz v. Roe [526 U.S. 489 (1999)], 778, 2277, 2305–2306, 2877

Safeco NLRB v. Retail Store Employees Union. See National Labor Relations Board v. Retail Employees Local No. 1001

Saffle v. Parks [494 U.S. 484 (1990)], 1530

Saia v. New York [334 U.S. 558 (1948)], 2453, 2795

St. Amant v. Thompson [390 U.S. 727 (1967)], 1805

St. Louis and O'Fallon Railroad v. United States [279 U.S. 461 (1929)], 1714

Sakol v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue [439 U.S. 859 (1978)], 2421

Sale v. Haitian Centers Council [509 U.S. 155 (1993)], 71

Salerno, United States v. [481 U.S. 739 (1987)], 150, 1915, 2043, 2162, 2306–2307

San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez [411 U.S. 1 (1973)], 275, 352, 857, 859, 1637–1638, 1677, 1920, 1974–1975, 1977–1978, 1980, 2309–2310, 2387, 2408, 2498, 2874, 2880, 2891

Sanchez, United States v. [340 U.S. 42 (1950)], 2658

San Diego Building Trades v. Garmon [359 U.S. 236 (1959)], 1554

San Diego Gas and Electric Company v. City of San Diego [450 U.S. 621 (1981)], 890, 1401, 2149

Sandin v. Conner [515 U.S. 472 (1995)], 2013

San Francisco Arts & Athletics v. United States Olympic Committee [483 U.S. 522 (1987)], 1377, 2489

San Mateo County v. Southern Pacific Railroad [116 U.S. 138 (1882)], 1900

Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad [118 U.S. 394 (1886)], 526, 687, 1900, 2829

Santa Cruz Fruit Packing Co. v. NLRB [303 U.S. 453 (1938)], 2821

Santobello v. New York [404 U.S. 257 (1971)], 2367

Santosky v. Kramer [455 U.S. 745 (1982)], 974, 1523, 2027

Sauer v. City of New York [206 U.S. 536 (1907)], 1890

Saxbe v. Washington Post Co. [417 U.S. 843 (1974)], 1979

Saylor, United States v. [322 U.S. 385 (1944)], 423

Scales v. United States [367 U.S. 203 (1961)], 68, 1108, 2311–2312, 2581

Scarborough v. United States [431 U.S. 563 (1977)], 2416

Schad v. Mt. Ephraim [452 U.S. 61 (1981)], 1830, 1868, 2317, 2530

Schaeffer v. United States [251 U.S. 466 (1920)], 221

Schall v. Martin [467 U.S. 253 (1984)], 149, 2005, 2307, 2317

Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States [295 U.S. 495 (1935)], 41, 267, 457, 459, 599, 698, 736, 743, 744, 761, 846, 1311, 1313, 1316, 1760, 1776, 1795, 2283, 2288, 2317–2318, 2385, 2560, 2818–2821, 2929, 2937

Schenck v. Pro Choice Network [519 U.S. 357 (1997)], 243, 1050

Schenck v. United States [249 U.S. 47 (1919)], 146, 328, 426, 709, 923, 1135, 1154, 1198, 1264, 1298, 1352, 2186, 2198, 2318–2319, 2580, 2841, 2901, 2902, 2928–2929

Scheuer v. Rhodes [416 U.S. 232 (1974)], 944, 2319

Schick v. Reed [419 U.S. 256 (1974)], 1878, 2319

Schilb v. Kuebel [404 U.S. 357 (1971)], 149

Schiro v. Farley [510 U.S. 222 (1994)], 812

Schlesinger v. Ballard [419 U.S. 498 (1975)], 2391, 2396

Schlesinger v. Reservist Committee to Stop the War [418 U.S. 208 (1974)], 1977, 2662

Schmerber v. California [384 U.S. 757 (1966)], 205, 711, 800, 824, 956, 1083, 2041, 2238, 2310, 2340–2341, 2458, 2767

Schneckloth v. Bustamonte [412 U.S. 218 (1973)], 507, 1250, 2319–2320, 2334, 2711, 2831

Schneider v. District of Columbia [348 U.S. 26 (1953)], 2076

Schneider v. Rusk [377 U.S. 163 (1964)], 1785

Schneider v. State [308 U.S. 147 (1939)], 1317

Schneider v. Town of Irvington [308 U.S. 147 (1939)], 2198

Schneiderman v. United States [320 U.S. 807 (1943)], 2281, 2551, 2930

Schnell v. Davis [336 U.S. 933 (1949)], 1629, 2320

Scholey v. Rew [90 U.S. (23 Wall.) 331 (1875)], 784

School Board of Nassau County v. Arline [480 U.S. 273 (1987)], 791

Schulte, D. A., v. Gangi [326 U.S. 712 (1940)], 1539

Schwabe v. New Mexico Board of Bar Examiners [353 U.S. 232 (1957)], 606, 2325

Schweiker v. Chilicky [487 U.S. 412 (1988)], 653, 740

Schweiker v. Wilson [450 U.S. 221 (1981)], 193

Schwimmer, United States v. [279 U.S. 644 (1929)], 284, 1198, 1296, 1300, 2325–2326

Scopes v. State. See Tennessee v. Scopes

Scott v. Emerson [15 Mo. 682 (1852)], 819

Scott v. Illinois [436 U.S. 925 (1979)], 116, 1745, 2262

Scott v. United States [436 U.S. 128 (1978)], 874

Scottsboro Cases, 1281

SCRAP, United States v. See Students Challenging Regulatory Agency Procedures (SCRAP), United States v.

Screws v. United States [325 U.S. 91 (1945)], 410, 423, 444, 445, 709, 1025, 1103–1104, 1240, 1410, 2329, 2776

Searight v. Stokes [44 U.S. (3 How.) 151 (1845)], 742

Sears, Roebuck & Co. v. San Diego Carpenters [436 U.S. 180 (1978)], 1554

Seattle Times v. Rhinehart [467 U.S. 20 (1984)], 1145, 1152

Sedima, S.P.R.L. v. Imrex Co. [473 U.S. 479 (1985)], 2112

See v. City of Seattle [387 U.S. 541 (1967)], 42, 43, 44, 294

Seeger, United States v. [380 U.S. 163 (1965)], 505, 1049, 2173, 2188, 2353–2354, 2790

Selective Draft Law Cases [245 U.S. 366 (1918)], 506, 748

Semayne's Case (1602, 1604), 1098

Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida [517 U.S. 44 (1996)], 87, 776, 880, 881, 904, 992, 1010, 1531, 1845, 2169, 2456, 2504

Senate Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities v. Nixon [498 F. 2d 725 (D.C. Cir. 1974)], 2865

Senn v. Tile Layers Union [301 U.S. 468 (1937)], 220, 1548

Serrano v. Priest [5 Cal. 3d 584 (1971)], 1591, 2387, 2498

Service v. Dulles [354 U.S. 363 (1957)], 946

Sewall v. Hancock (Super. Ct.) Quincy [457 (Mass. 1768)], 1866

Seymour v. McCormick [60 U.S. (19 How.) 96 (1854)], 1230, 1432

Shadwick v. City of Tampa [407 U.S. 345 (1972)], 2332

Shapiro v. Thompson [394 U.S. 618 (1969)], 231, 233, 238, 837, 1973, 1974, 2275, 2277, 2305, 2306, 2408, 2574, 2873, 2874, 2877, 2878–2879

Sharpe, United States v. [470 U.S. 675 (1985)], 2553

Sharpless v. Philadelphia [21 Pa. 147 (1853)], 2074

Shaughnessy v. United States ex rel. Mezei [354 U.S. 206 (1953)], 719, 1410, 2408

Shaw v. Hunt [517 U.S. 899 (1996)], 2409

Shaw v. Reno [509 U.S. 630 (1993)], 868, 870, 871, 917, 1511–1512, 1735, 1783, 2093, 2108, 2136, 2137, 2169, 2409–2410, 2812, 2814

Sheldon v. Sill [49 U.S. (8 How.) 441 (1850)], 1502

Shelley v. Kraemer [334 U.S. 1 (1948)], 163, 210, 259, 375, 393, 403, 725, 909, 930, 1025, 1042, 1678, 2101–2102, 2219, 2222, 2223, 2410–2411, 2485, 2486, 2487, 2492, 2792, 2795, 2810, 2874

Shelton v. Tucker [364 U.S. 479 (1960)], 1108, 1573, 1773, 2542

Sheppard v. Maxwell [384 U.S. 333 (1966)], 972, 1150–1151, 1179, 2077

Sherbert v. Verner [374 U.S. 398 (1963)], 231, 238, 487, 506, 821, 823, 1105, 2169, 2180–2181, 2181, 2191, 2192, 2194, 2377, 2412, 2469, 2700, 2748, 2750, 2914

Shreveport Case. See Houston, East and West Texas Railway Co. v. United States

Shuttlesworth v. Birmingham [394 U.S. 147 (1969)], 2832

Sibron v. New York [392 U.S. 40 (1968)], 2023, 2552, 2675–2676, 2676

Sicurella v. United States [348 U.S. 385 (1955)], 2186

Siebold, Ex parte [100 U.S. 371 (1880)], 2825–2826

Sierra Club v. Morton [405 U.S. 727 (1972)], 2416, 2565, 2661

Silkwood v. Kerr-McGee Corp. [464 U.S. 238 (1984)], 2706

Silverman v. United States [365 U.S. 505 (1961)], 1850, 2139, 2416

Silverthorne Lumber Co. v. United States [251 U.S. 385 (1920)], 2336, 2417, 2922

Simmons v. United States [390 U.S. 377 (1968)], 962

Simon v. Eastern Kentucky Welfare Rights Organization [426 U.S. 26 (1976)], 275, 2417, 2565

Simon & Schuster, Inc. v. Members of The New York State Crime Victims Board [502 U.S. 105 (1991)], 1351

Simopouloas v. Virginia [462 U.S. 506 (1983)], 2207

Sims' Case [7 Cush. 285 (Mass. 1851)], 2409

Sinclair v. United States [279 U.S. 263 (1929)], 2360

Sing Tuck, United States v. [194 U.S. 161 (1904)], 1167

Sinking Fund Cases [99 U.S. 700 (1879); 99 U.S. 727 (1879)], 52, 217, 583, 802, 1354, 2419–2420, 2563, 2824, 2829

Sioux Nation of Indians, United States v. [448 U.S. 371 (1980)], 82

Sipuel v. Oklahoma State Hospital Board of Regents [332 U.S. 631 (1948)], 2420

Sisson, United States v. [District Court of Mass. 297 F. Supp. 902 (1969)], 2936

Skinner v. Mid-America Pipeline Company [490 U.S. 212 (1989)], 762, 1401

Skinner v. Oklahoma [316 U.S. 535 (1942)], 182, 1118, 1122, 1289, 1404, 1646, 2097, 2098, 2203, 2244, 2421–2422, 2528, 2550, 2562, 2573, 2577

Skinner v. Railway Labor Executives Association [489 U.S. 602 (1989)], 331, 825, 1529, 1782, 2328, 2337, 2422–2423

Skipper v. South Carolina [476 U.S. 1 (1986)], 2368

Slaughterhouse Cases [83 U.S. (16 Wall.) 36 (1873)], 201, 217, 218, 283, 298, 313, 319, 336, 341, 342, 402, 430, 431, 527, 580, 581, 733, 746, 844, 909, 912, 1024, 1036, 1037, 1091, 1164, 1173, 1288, 1319, 1354, 1448, 1459, 1732, 1733, 1754, 1809, 1814, 2021, 2048–2049, 2217, 2305, 2349, 2423–2424, 2426, 2509, 2564, 2570, 2571, 2628, 2693, 2784, 2807, 2822, 2826–2827, 2924

Sloan v. Lemon [413 U.S. 825 (1973)], 464

Slochower v. Board of Education [350 U.S. 551 (1956)], 279, 1702, 2238

Smith v. Alabama [124 U.S. 465 (1888)], 977

Smith v. Allwright [321 U.S. 649 (1944)], 411, 423, 692, 1042, 1238, 1275, 1678, 1939, 1941, 2007, 2008, 2145, 2282, 2320, 2436–2437, 2485, 2487, 2550–2551, 2675, 2809–2810

Smith v. Board of School Commissioners [827 F. 2d 684 (11th Cir. 1987)], 859

Smith v. Cahoon [283 U.S. 553 (1931)], 840

Smith v. Goguen [415 U.S. 566 (1974)], 192, 1061, 2776

Smith v. Hooley [393 U.S. 374 (1969)], 2465

Smith v. Illinois [469 U.S. 91 (1984)], 1743

Smith v. Maryland [442 U.S. 735 (1979)], 713, 875, 2140–2141, 2334

Smith v. Murray [477 U.S. 527 (1986)], 1253, 1844

Smith v. Organization of Foster Families [431 U.S. 816 (1977)], 1083, 1124

Smith v. Phillips [455 U.S. 209 (1982)], 793

Smith v. United States [507 U.S. 197 (1993)], 2315–2316

Smith v. Wade [456 U.S. 924 (1983)], 739

Smith, George Otis, United States v. [286 U.S. 6 (1932)], 2612

Smuck v. Hobson [408 F. 2d 175 (1969)], 790

Smyth v. Ames [169 U.S. 466 (1898)], 199, 346, 969, 970, 1023, 1166, 1267, 1285, 1666, 2129–2130, 2437, 2640, 2758, 2894

Snepp v. United States [444 U.S. 507 (1980)], 1140, 2438

Sniadach v. Family Finance Corp. [395 U.S. 337 (1969)], 1362

Snyder v. Massachusetts [290 U.S. 606 (1934)], 315, 1176, 2281, 2706

Société Internationale v. Rogers [357 U.S. 197 (1958)], 960

Sokolow, United States v. [490 U.S. 1 (1989)], 482, 2338

Solem v. Helm [463 U.S. 277 (1983)], 316, 729–730, 732, 983, 1976, 2367, 2446–2447

Solesbee v. Balkcom [339 U.S. 9 (1950)], 1176

Somerset's Case [98 Eng. Rep. 499 (K.B., 1772)], 2, 334, 467, 560, 818, 1771, 2451–2452, 2520, 2649

Sonzinsky v. United States [300 U.S. 506 (1937)], 152, 1186, 2452, 2658

Sorrells v. United States [287 U.S. 435 (1932)], 899

Sosna v. Iowa [419 U.S. 393 (1975)], 799, 1121, 2275, 2277, 2452

South Carolina v. Baker [485 U.S. 505 (1988)], 994, 1384

South Carolina v. Gathers [490 U.S. 805 (1989)], 2369

South Carolina v. Katzenbach [383 U.S. 301 (1966)], 96, 1026, 1240, 1629, 2456–2457, 2810, 2813

South Carolina v. United States [199 U.S. 437 (1905)], 241, 1211

South Carolina State Highway Department v. Barnwell Bros., Inc. [303 U.S. 177 (1938)], 317, 2122, 2456, 2459, 2513, 2514

South Dakota v. Dole [483 U.S. 203 (1987)], 487, 994, 995, 1844, 2468, 2661, 2751

South Dakota v. Neville [459 U.S. 553 (1983)], 1841, 2458

Southeastern Community College v. Davis [442 U.S. 397 (1979)], 2152

South-Eastern Underwriters Association v. United States [322 U.S. 533 (1944)], 106, 459, 1888, 2060, 2458

Southern Burlington NAACP v. Mount Laurel [423 U.S. 808 (1975)], 2945

Southern Pacific Co. v. Arizona ex rel. Sullivan [325 U.S. 761 (1945)], 817, 835, 836, 1591, 2124, 2458–2459, 2513–2514

Southern Pacific Co. v. Jensen [244 U.S. 205 (1917)], 1467

Southern Railway Co. v. United States [222 U.S. 20 (1911)], 2780

Southwestern Bell Tel. Co. v. Public Service Commission [262 U.S. 276 (1923)], 221

Spain, In re [47 F. 208 (1891)], 360

Spallone v. United States [493 U.S. 265 (1990)], 1471, 2221

Spano v. New York [360 U.S. 315 (1959)], 1923, 2039, 2850

Sparf & Hansen v. United States [56 U.S. 51 (1895)], 1513

Spaulding v. Vilas [161 U.S. 483 (1896)], 943

Spaziano v. Florida [468 U.S. 447 (1984)], 303, 2535

Speiser v. Randall [357 U.S. 513 (1958)], 230, 231, 234, 2467, 2568, 2750

Spence v. Washington [418 U.S. 405 (1974)], 1061

Spencer v. Texas [385 U.S. 554 (1967)], 722

Spinelli v. United States [393 U.S. 410 (1969)], 120, 1327, 1368, 2024, 2330, 2469

Spock, United States v. [416 F. 2d 165 (1969)], 709

Sporhase v. Nebraska [458 U.S. 941 (1982)], 2514, 2566

Sprague, United States v. [282 U.S. 716 (1931)], 73, 862, 2118

Springer v. Government of the Philippine Islands [277 U.S. 189 (1928)], 949, 2384

Springer v. United States [102 U.S. 586 (1881)], 784, 1959, 2470, 2628

Spring Valley Water Works v. Schottler [110 U.S. 347 (1883)], 2823

Springville City v. Thomas [166 U.S. 707 (1897)], 1517

Stack v. Boyle [342 U.S. 1 (1951)], 148, 149, 150, 2005

Stafford v. Wallace [258 U.S. 495 (1922)], 593, 2470, 2560, 2635

Standard Oil Company of Indiana v. United States [164 F. 376 (1908)], 1234, 1652, 2898, 2904

Standard Oil Company of New Jersey v. United States [221 U.S. 1 (1911)], 88, 106, 455, 688, 749, 1030, 1165, 1557, 2049, 2298, 2472

Stanford v. Kentucky [492 U.S. 361 (1989)], 306, 1843, 2315, 2369, 2475–2476

Stanley, United States v. [483 U.S. 669 (1987)], 653

Stanley v. Georgia [394 U.S. 557 (1969)], 350, 1676, 1734–1735, 1838, 2061, 2247, 2476

Stanley v. Illinois [405 U.S. 645 (1969)], 2243

Stanley v. Illinois [405 U.S. 645 (1972)], 1123, 1404, 1524

Stanton v. Stanton [421 U.S. 7 (1975)], 2391, 2392, 2921

Starns v. Malkerson [401 U.S. 985 (1971)], 2275, 2879

Starret City Associates, United States v. [488 U.S. 946 (1988)], 2221

State v. A.L.I.V.E. [606 P. 2d 769 (1980)], 2496

State v. Ball [124 N.H. 226 (1983)], 2498

State v. Cadman [476 A.2d 1148 (Me. 1984)], 2498

State v. Mann [North Carolina S.Ct. (1829)], 558, 2425

State v. Mooney [588 A. 2d 145 (Conn. 1991)], 1302

State v. Mugler [123 U.S. 623 (1887)], 240

State v. United States & Canada Express Company [60 N.H. 219 (1880)], 802

State Board v. Young's Market [299 U.S. 59 (1936)], 2741

State Freight Tax Case [83 U.S. 232 (1873)], 747, 2563

State of … See specific state names

State Tax on Foreign-Held Bonds Case [82 U.S. 300 (1872)], 341

State Tax on Railway Gross Receipts Case [82 U.S. 284 (1872)], 341

Staub v. Baxley [355 U.S. 313 (1958)], 2903

Steagald v. United States [451 U.S. 204 (1981)], 121, 2333, 2526

Steamboat New World v. King [57 U.S. (16. How.) 469 (1854)], 735

Steele v. Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co. [323 U.S. 192 (1944)], 1554

Steele v. United States [367 U.S. 505 (1925)], 2332

Steel Seizure Case. See Youngstown Sheet and Tube v. Sawyer

Steelworkers v. United States [361 U.S. 39 (1959)], 1553

Steffel v. Thompson [415 U.S. 452 (1974)], 2279

Stellwagen v. Clum [245 U.S. 605 (1981)], 161

Sterling v. Constantin [298 U.S. 378 (1932)], 2594

Sterling v. Cupp [625 P. 2d 123 (1981)], 2498

Stettler v. O'Hara [243 U.S. 629 (1917)], 35, 263, 2529

Steuart and Brothers v. Bowels [322 U.S. 398 (1944)], 887, 2841

Steward Machine Company v. Davis [300 U.S. 652 (1937)], 314, 987, 1157, 1186, 1284, 1316, 1554, 1780, 2115, 2445, 2540–2541, 2660–2661

Stewart Dry Goods Company v. Lewis [287 U.S. 9 (1935)], 314

Stone v. Farmer's Loan & Trust Company [116 U.S. 307 (1886)], 1037, 1350, 2049, 2547, 2823

Stone v. Graham [449 U.S. 39 (1980)], 855, 1602, 1603, 2177, 2372

Stone v. Mississippi [101 U.S. 814 (1880)], 676, 1350, 2547, 2665, 2823

Stone v. Powell [428 U.S. 465 (1976)], 18, 1251, 1253, 1758, 1975, 2044, 2225, 2319, 2456, 2547–2548

Stone v. Wisconsin [94 U.S. 181 (1877)], 1224–1225

Stoner v. California [376 U.S. 483 (1964)], 2690

Storer v. Brown [415 U.S. 724 (1974)], 158, 1942

Stovall v. Denno [388 U.S. 293 (1967)], 962, 1627

Strader v. Graham [51 U.S. (10 How.) 83 (1951)], 818, 1230, 2431–2432, 2557, 2649, 2654, 2655

Strauder v. West Virginia [100 U.S. 303 (1879)], 95, 200, 388, 403, 408, 414, 1038, 1509, 1919, 2088, 2099, 2558–2559, 2564, 2628, 2827, 2828

Street v. New York [394 U.S. 576 (1969)], 1083, 2855

Streetwatch v. National Railroad Passenger Corp. [875 F. Supp. 1055 (S.D. N.Y. 1995)], 1301

Strickland v. Washington [466 U.S. 668 (1984)], 2043

Strickley v. Highland Boy Gold Mining Co. [200 U.S. 527 (1906)], 2079

Stromberg v. California [283 U.S. 359 (1931)], 179, 284, 1311, 1714, 1788, 2311, 2563, 2630, 2780

Strunk v. United States [412 U.S. 434 (1973)], 2465

Stuart v. Laird [5 U.S. (I Cranch) 299 (1803)], 1498, 1668, 1669, 1684, 2564, 2589

Students Challenging Regulatory Agency Procedures (SCRAP), United States v. [412 U.S. 669 (1973)], 2473, 2475, 2564–2565

Stump v. Sparkman [435 U.S. 349 (1978)], 1335, 1453, 2565

Sturges v. Crowninshield [17 U.S. (4 Wheat.) 122 (1819)], 161, 555, 627, 677, 1635, 1673, 1685, 1835–1836, 2565

Sugarman v. Dougall [413 U.S. 634 (1973)], 66, 72, 1068, 2160, 2582–2583

Sullivan, United States v. [332 U.S. 689 (1948)], 1069, 2583

Sullivan v. Little Hunting Park, Inc. [396 U.S. 229 (1969)], 403, 1854

Sumner v. Shuman [483 U.S. 66 (1987)], 2368

Sunshine Anthracite Coal Company v. Adkins [310 U.S. 381 (1940)], 184

Superintendent, Massachusetts Correctional Institution v. Hill [472 U.S. 445 (1985)], 2013, 2033

Superintendent of Belchertown State School v. Saikewicz [370 N.E.2d 417 Mass 728 (1977)], 2268

Supreme Court of Virginia v. Consumers Union of the United States [446 U.S. 714 (1980)], 1591

Sutherland v. Illinois [29 Ill. App. 3d 199 (1976)], 1061

Swain v. Alabama [380 U.S. 202 (1965)], 165, 971, 1509, 1510, 1680, 1898, 2088, 2627, 2728, 2891

Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education [402 U.S. 1 (1971)], 273, 773, 859, 1232, 1459, 1535, 2102, 2111, 2146, 2320, 2627

Swarb v. Lennox [405 U.S. 191 (1972)], 2831

Sweatt v. Painter [330 U.S. 629 (1950)], 253, 388, 2628–2629, 2764, 2792, 2796

Sweezy v. New Hampshire [354 U.S. 234 (1957)], 22, 279, 477, 1595, 1702, 2772, 2866–2867

Swift v. Tyson [41 U.S. 1 (1842)], 220, 360, 466, 921, 977, 1184, 1496, 1559, 1733, 1869, 2555–2556, 2593, 2629, 2648, 2654

Swift & Co. v. United States [196 U.S. 375 (1905)], 252, 455, 861, 1162, 1234, 1540, 1733, 1756, 2413, 2470, 2559–2560, 2629–2630, 2635

Swisher v. Brady [438 U.S. 204 (1978)], 1523

Sylvester, United States v. [C.C. Pa., unreported (1799)], 980

Syracuse Peace Council v. Federal Communications Commission [867 F. 2d 654 (D.C. Cir. 1989)], 969

T

Takahashi v. Fish & Game Commission [334 U.S. 410 (1948)], 66, 129, 131–132, 1077, 1219, 1871, 2642–2643

Talbot v. Janson [311 (3 Dal.) 133 (1795)], 364

Talley v. California [363 U.S. 60 (1960)], 2574

Talton v. Mayes [163 U.S. 376 (1896)], 81

Tarble's Case [80 U.S. (13 Wall.) 397 (1871)], 341, 1037, 1248

Tashjian v. Republican Party of Connecticut [479 U.S. 208 (1986)], 1938–1939, 2008

Taylor v. Alabama [457 U.S. 687 (1982)], 1841

Taylor v. Carry [61 U.S. (20 How.) 583 (1858)], 298

Taylor v. Georgia [315 U.S. 25 (1942)], 286

Taylor v. Louisiana [419 U.S. 522 (1975)], 1196, 1509, 1510, 2391, 2663, 2787

Taylor v. Mississippi [319 U.S. 583 (1943)], 426, 2189

Taylor v. Porter [4 Hill 140 (1843)], 1287

Taylor & Marshall v. Beckham [178 U.S. 548 (1900)], 1950

Teague v. Lane [489 U.S. 288 (1989)], 239, 1253, 1895, 2044, 2156, 2162

Teamsters Local 695 v. Vogt, Inc. [354 U.S. 284 (1957)], 1907

Tennessee v. Davis [100 U.S. 257 (1880)], 445

Tennessee v. Garner [471 U.S. 1 (1985)], 1932, 2338, 2665–2666, 2891

Tennessee v. Scopes [154 Tenn. 105 (1925)], 378, 2327, 2666

Tennessee v. Street [471 U.S. 409 (1985)], 492

Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railroad v. Muscoda Local #123 [321 U.S. 590 (1944)], 967

Tennessee Valley Authority, United States ex rel., v. Welch [327 U.S. 546 (1946)], 889, 2075–2076

Tenney v. Brandhove [341 U.S. 367 (1951)], 1335, 1453, 1558, 1591, 2464, 2667

Tennie v. City of New York Department of Social Services of the New York City Human Resources Administration [W.L. 6156 (S.D. N.Y. 1987)], 2092

Ten Pound Act Cases [New Hampshire, unreported (1786)], 165, 541

Terminiello v. Chicago [337 U.S. 1 (1949)], 426, 767–768, 1031, 2145, 2669, 2795

Terrace v. Thompson [263 U.S. 197 (1923)], 129, 131, 1871

Terrett v. Taylor [13 U.S. (9 Cranch) 43 (1815)], 1175, 1287, 1636, 2280, 2556, 2570, 2649, 2671

Terry v. Adams [345 U.S. 461 (1953)], 1042, 1941, 2007, 2008, 2485, 2492, 2675

Terry v. Ohio [392 U.S. 1 (1968)], 119–120, 205, 937, 956, 1095, 1912, 1913, 2023, 2140, 2331, 2333, 2336, 2337, 2341, 2450, 2552, 2553, 2675–2676, 2767, 2939

Test Oath Cases [4 Wallace 277 (1867); 4 Wallace 333 (1867)], 174, 335, 339, 340, 430, 579, 958

Texas, United States v. [162 U.S. 1 (1892)], 1469

Texas v. Brown [460 U.S. 730 (1983)], 2680

Texas v. Johnson [491 U.S. 397 (1989)], 179, 192, 235, 238, 382, 1053–1054, 1062–1063, 1133, 1530, 2538

Texas v. White [74 U.S. (7 Wall.) 700 (1869)], 336, 339, 340, 580, 746, 999, 1007, 1238, 1424, 1732, 2142, 2143, 2628, 2680, 2680, 2688

Texas & Pacific Railroad Company v. Interstate Commerce Commission [162 U.S. 197 (1896)], 1266

Texas Industries, Inc. v. Radcliff Materials, Inc. [451 U.S. 630 (1981)], 978

Texas Monthly, Inc. v. Bullock [489 U.S. 1 (1989)], 924, 927, 1208, 2193, 2195, 2380, 2680–2681

Textile Workers Union v. Darlington Manufacturing Co. [380 U.S. 263 (1965)], 1548

Textile Workers Union v. Lincoln Mills [383 U.S. 448 (1957)], 1468, 1587

Thiel v. Southern Pacific Co. [316 U.S. 698 (1945)], 1515, 2728

Thind, United States v. [261 U.S. 204 (1923)], 129

Thomas v. Arizona [356 U.S. 390 (1958)], 2902

Thomas v. Collins [323 U.S. 516 (1945)], 1549, 1628, 1990, 2302

Thomas v. Review Board of Indiana [450 U.S. 707 (1981)], 2174, 2188, 2192, 2696

Thomas v. Union Carbide Agricultural Products Co. [473 U.S. 568 (1985)], 2697

Thompson v. Consolidated Gas Utilities Corp. [300 U.S. 55 (1937)], 1175

Thompson v. Louisville [362 U.S. 199 (1960)], 109

Thompson v. Oklahoma [487 U.S. 815 (1988)], 1843, 2369, 2698–2699

Thornburg v. Gingles [478 U.S. 30 (1986)], 869, 1188, 2093, 2136, 2811, 2814

Thornburgh v. Abbott [490 U.S. 401 (1989)], 1134

Thornburgh v. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists [476 U.S. 747 (1986)], 192, 196, 2451, 2699, 2892

Thornhill v. Alabama [310 U.S. 88 (1940)], 426, 1192, 1317, 1400, 1550, 1555, 1556, 1769, 1866, 1907, 2699, 2795

Thornton v. Caldor, Inc. [472 U.S. 703 (1985)], 2193, 2195, 2377, 2585, 2699

Thorpe v. Rutland Railroad [26 Verm. 140 (1854)], 2507

Tidal Oil Co. v. Flanagan [263 U.S. 444 (1924)], 676

Tileston v. Ullman [318 U.S. 44 (1943)], 1233

Tilton v. Richardson [403 U.S. 372 (1971)], 1207, 2374–2375

Time, Incorporated v. Firestone [424 U.S. (1976)], 2067

Time, Incorporated v. Hill [385 U.S. 374 (1967)], 260, 1107, 1109, 1237, 1270, 2014

Times-Mirror Company v. California [314 U.S. 252 (1941)], 244

Timmons v. Twin Cities Area New Party [520 U.S. 351 (1997), 1886, 1938, 2701–2702

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District [393 U.S. 503 (1969)], 351, 353, 854, 855, 860, 1082, 1281, 2630–2631, 2702–2703, 2854

Tison v. Arizona [481 U.S. 137 (1987)], 306, 2368

Tollett v. Henderson [411 U.S. 258 (1953)], 2265

Tomanio v. Board of Regents [446 U.S. 478 (1980)], 403

Tony and Susan Alamo Foundation v. Secretary of Labor [471 U.S. 290 (1985)], 2192, 2380

Toomer v. Witsell [334 U.S. 385 (1948)], 157, 1212, 2020, 2705, 2792

Torcaso v. Watkins [367 U.S. 488 (1961)], 2188, 2190, 2197, 2706, 2833

Toscanino, United States v. [398 F. Supp. 916 (1974)], 959

Toth, United States ex rel., v. Quarles [350 U.S. 11 (1955)], 1018, 1247, 1727, 2710

Town of … See name inverted, e.g., West Hartford (Town of) v. Operation Rescue

Townsend v. Sain [372 U.S. 293 (1963)], 2710–2711

Townsend v. Swank [404 U.S. 282 (1971)], 2877

Trade-Mark Cases [100 U.S. 82 (1879)], 2826

Trafficante v. Metropolitan Life Insurance Company [409 U.S. 205 (1972)], 323, 2221

Trans-Missouri Freight Association, United States v. [166 U.S. 290 (1897)], 320, 429, 783, 1244, 1711, 1828, 2298, 2413, 2714–2715, 2895, 2898

Trans-World Airlines, Inc. v. Hardison [432 U.S. 63 (1977)], 405

Treasury Employees Union v. Von Raab. See National Treasury Employees Union v. Von Raab

Trebilock v. Wilson [79 U.S. (12 Wall.) 687 (1872)], 1753

Tregor's Case [Y.B. Pasch., 8 Edw. III, pl. 26 (1334)], 208

Treigle v. Acme Homestead Association [297 U.S. 189 (1936)], 2510

Trenton (City of) v. New Jersey [262 U.S. 182 (1923)], 362, 1211

Trevett v. Weeden [Rhode Island (1786)], 541, 2602, 2723–2724

Trial of the Seven Bishops [How. St. Tr. 12:183 (1688)], 2272

Trimble v. Gordon [430 U.S. 762 (1977)], 1326, 1558, 2153, 2155, 2160, 2732–2733

Trono v. United States [199 U.S. 521 (1905)], 1376

Trop v. Dulles [356 U.S. 86 (1958)], 309, 721, 730, 731, 2041, 2733, 2851, 2902

Truax v. Corrigan [257 U.S. 312 (1921)], 1547, 1548, 1911, 2029, 2635, 2636, 2638, 2640, 2733

Truax v. Raich [239 U.S. 33 (1915)], 1310

Trupiano v. United States [334 U.S. 699 (1948)], 119, 1769, 2344

Tucker, United States v. [404 U.S. 443 (1972)], 2367

Tumey v. Ohio [273 U.S. 510 (1927)], 970, 2640–2641

Turkette, United States v. [452 U.S. 576 (1981)], 2111

Turner, In re [455 U.S. 1009 (1867)], 335, 336, 341, 2424

Turner v. Department of Employment Security [423 U.S. 44 (1975)], 2394

Turner v. Fouche [396 U.S. 346 (1970)], 2728

Turner v. Murray [476 U.S. 28 (1986)], 2106

Turner v. Safley [482 U.S. 78 (1987)], 1134, 2012

Turner Broadcasting System v. FCC [512 U.S. 622 (1994)], 249, 469, 691, 969, 1772, 2739–2740

Turner Broadcasting System v. FCC [520 U.S. 180 (1997)], 249, 691, 1147, 1531

Turpin v. Mailet [2d Cir., en banc, 1978-1979], 514

Twining v. New Jersey [211 U.S. 78 (1908)], 33, 256, 1354, 1665, 1756, 1874, 2233, 2237, 2744

Two Guys from Harrison-Allentown, Inc. v. McGinley [366 U.S. 852 (1961)], 2191, 2584

Tyler v. Defrees [78 U.S. (11 Wall.) 331 (1870)], 1732

Tyler Pipe Industries, Inc. v. Washington State Department of Revenue [483 U.S. 232 (1987)], 806

Tyson & Brother v. Banton [273 U.S. 418 (1927)], 52, 838, 1115, 1802, 2230, 2311, 2746

U

Ullmann v. United States [350 U.S. 422 (1956)], 989, 1334, 2233, 2236, 2747

"Ulysses," One Book Entitled, United States v. [5 F. Supp. 182 (1933)], 2747–2748

Umbehr v. Heiser [518 U.S. 668 (1996)], 1886

UMW Post, Inc. v. Board of Regents of Wisconsin [774 F. Supp. 1163 (E.D. Wisc. 1991)], 2926

Underhill v. Hernandez [168 U.S. 250 (1897)], 25

Union Pacific Railroad Co. v. Peniston [85 U.S. (18 Wall.) 5 (1873)], 217

Union Pacific Railroad Co. v. United States [99 U.S. 700 (1879)], 2419–2420

United Building and Construction Trades Council of Camden County and Vicinity v. Mayor and Council of the City of Camden [465 U.S. 208 (1984)], 363, 1212, 1798, 2020, 2468

United Jewish Organization of Williamsburgh, Inc. v. Carey [430 U.S. 144 (1977)], 794, 1188, 2135, 2137, 2202, 2756, 2813

United Mine Workers v. Coronado Coal Co. [359 U.S. 344 (1922)], 422, 2756–2757

United Mine Workers v. Gibbs [383 U.S. 715 (1966)], 1466

United Mine Workers v. Pennington [381 U.S. 657 (1965)], 1545, 1546

United Mine Workers v. United States [330 U.S. 258 (1947)], 2757, 2792, 2793

United Public Workers v. Mitchell [330 U.S. 75 (1947)], 1275, 2145, 2278, 2795

United Railways & Electric Co. of Baltimore v. West [280 U.S. 234 (1930)], 970, 2758

United Shoe Machinery Co., United States v. [247 U.S. 32 (1918)], 421, 2298

United States v.… See case name inverted, e.g., Nixon, United States v.

United States & Canada Express Company, State v. See State v. United States & Canada Express Company

United States Civil Service Commission v. National Association of Letter Carriers [413 U.S. 548 (1973)], 251, 268, 1275

United States Coin & Currency, United States v. [401 U.S. 715 (1971)], 1670

United States Department of Agriculture v. Moreno [413 U.S. 528 (1973)], 428

United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan, United States v. [407 U.S. 297 (1972)], 649, 873, 875, 1129, 1781, 1816, 2345, 2449, 2761–2762, 2842

United States ex rel. Toth v. Quarles. See Toth, United States ex rel., v. Quarles

United States Glue Co. v. Town of Oak Creek [247 U.S. 321 (1918)], 2521–2522

United States Postal Service v. Greenburgh Civic Association [453 U.S. 114 (1981)], 1900

United States Railroad Retirement Board v. Fritz [449 U.S. 166 (1980)], 193, 2122, 2536, 2572

United States Steel Corporation, United States v. [251 U.S. 417 (1920)], 421, 749, 2298, 2898

United States Term Limits v. Thornton [514 U.S. 779 (1995)], 76, 624, 989, 1531, 2537, 2670

United States Trust Co. of New York v. New Jersey [431 U.S. 1 (1977)], 70, 676, 677, 1381, 1836, 2665, 2766

United Steelworkers of America v. Weber [443 U.S. 193 (1979)], 53, 54, 55, 100, 397, 406, 945, 1172, 1435, 2153, 2155, 2766

Uphaus v. Wyman [360 U.S. 72 (1959)], 187, 1595, 2772, 2903

Ursery, United States v. [518 U.S. 267 (1996)], 811, 985

Usery v. Turner Elkhorn Mining Co. [428 U.S. 1(1976)], 2226

V

Vale v. Louisiana [399 U.S. 30 (1970)], 1820, 2332

Valentine v. Chrestensen [316 U.S. 52 (1942)], 460

Vallandigham, Ex parte [68 (1 Wall.) 243 (1864)], 338, 416, 430, 746, 1736, 2628, 2777, 2868

Valley Forge Christian College v. Americans United for Separation of Church and State [454 U.S. 464 (1982)], 1067, 1443, 2659, 2662, 2777–2778

Vance v. Bradley [440 U.S. 93 (1979)], 59

Vance v. Terrazas [440 U.S. 970 (1980)], 957

Van Horne's Lessee v. Dorrance [2 U.S. (2 Dall.) 304 (1795)], 290, 360, 673, 1067, 1883, 2603, 2781, 2782

Van Huffel v. Harkelrode [283 U.S. 817 (1931)], 161

Vanzant v. Waddel [2 Yeng. (Tenn.) 260 (1829)], 2510

Vasquez v. Hillery [474 U.S. 254 (1986)], 1223

Veazie Bank v. Fenno [75 U.S. (8 Wall.) 533 (1869)], 151, 340, 784, 1753, 1790, 2658, 2781–2782

Vegelahn v. Guntner [167 Mass. 92 (1869)], 1547

Ventresca, United States v. [380 U.S. 102 (1965)], 1368, 2330

Verdugo-Urquídez, United States v. [494 U.S. 259 (1990)], 960, 1332, 2338

Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Corp. v. Natural Resources Defense Council [435 U.S. 519 (1978)], 2312

Vernonia School District 47J v. Acton [515 U.S. 646 (1995)], 331, 826–827, 2456

Village of … See name inverted, e.g., Euclid (Village of) v. Ambler Realty Company

Virginia, Ex parte [100 U.S. 339 (1880)], 2482, 2558–2559, 2564

Virginia, United States v. [518 U.S. 515 (1996)], 400, 917, 1197, 1824, 2092, 2170, 2307, 2398, 2404, 2418, 2456, 2798

Virginia v. Browner [80 F. 3d 869 (4th Cir. 1996)], 904

Virginia v. Rives [100 U.S. 313 (1880)], 403, 1787, 2558–2559, 2564

Virginia v. Tennessee [148 U.S. 503 (1893)], 1072, 1399

Virginia v. West Virginia [78 U.S. (11 Wall.) 39 (1870)], 340, 746

Virginia v. West Virginia [206 U.S. 290 (1907)], 877

Virginia Coupon Cases (1885), 1227

Virginia State Board of Pharmacy v. Virginia Citizens'Consumer Council [425 U.S. 748 (1976)], 165, 190, 193, 194, 461, 462, 836, 1060, 1135, 1628, 2157, 2350–2351, 2800–2801

Vitek v. Jones [445 U.S. 480 (1980)], 492

Vlandis v. Kline [412 U.S. 441 (1973)], 1405, 2277, 2802

Voinovich v. Quilter [507 U.S. 146 (1993)], 2137

Von Moltke v. Gillies [332 U.S. 708 (1948)], 1436

Von's Grocery Co., United States v. [384 U.S. 270 (1966)], 2542

W

Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway v. Illinois [118 U.S. 557 (1886)], 455, 846, 1227, 1397, 1698, 2817

Wabol v. Villacrusis [958 F. 2d 1450 (9th Cir. 1992)], 2672

Wade, United States v. [388 U.S. 218 (1967)], 235, 492, 962, 1083, 1538, 1627, 1852, 2264, 2818

Wagner Act Cases (1937), 349, 692, 743, 1266, 1311, 2677

Wainwright v. Sykes [433 U.S. 72 (1977)], 18, 35, 239, 975, 1101, 1758, 2156, 2764, 2821, 2831

Wainwright v. Witt [469 U.S. 412 (1985)], 2803

Walder v. United States [347 U.S. 62 (1954)], 1273, 2045, 2335

Wales v. Stetson [2 Mass. 142 (1806)], 673

Waley v. Johnston [316 U.S. 101 (1942)], 1248

Walker v. Birmingham [388 U.S. 307 (1967)], 2832

Walker v. Jennison [Mass., unreported (1781)], 467

Walker v. Sauvinet [92 U.S. 90 (1876)], 2724, 2832

Wallace v. Jaffree [472 U.S. 38 (1985)], 859, 924, 1602, 1603, 1842, 1843, 2157, 2174, 2177, 2193, 2322–2323, 2323, 2373, 2832–2833

Wallace v. Van Riswick [92 U.S. 202 (1872)], 134

Wallace & Tiernan Company, United States v. [336 U.S. 793 (1949)], 186

Waller v. Florida [397 U.S. 387 (1970)], 809

Waller v. Georgia [467 U.S. 39 (1984)], 1152

Walter v. United States [447 U.S. 649 (1980)], 2332

Walters v. National Association of Radiation Survivors [473 U.S. 305 (1985)], 2033

Walton v. Arizona [497 U.S. 639 (1990)], 2535

Walz v. Tax Commission [397 U.S. 664 (1970)], 464, 1206, 1207, 2191, 2373–2374, 2833

Ward, United States v. [449 U.S. 851 (1980)], 902

Ward v. Illinois [431 U.S. 767 (1977)], 2833

Ward v. Rock Against Racism [491 U.S. 781 (1989)], 2167–2168

Ward v. Texas [316 U.S. 547 (1942)], 1924

Warden v. Hayden [387 U.S. 294 (1967)], 956, 1722, 1913, 2339, 2344, 2345, 2767, 2833–2834, 2834

Warder v. La Belle Creole [1 Pet. Adm. 31, 29 F. Cas. 215 (No. 17, 165) (1792)], 1902

Wardius v. Oregon [412 U.S. 470 (1973)], 971

Wards Cove Packing Co. v. Antonio [490 U.S. 642 (1989)], 99, 396, 407–408, 2107, 2164, 2890

Ware v. Hylton [3 U.S. (3 Dallas) 199 (1796)], 336, 1284, 1404, 1418, 1883, 2603, 2611, 2834

Waring v. Clarke [46 U.S. (5 How.) 441 (1847)], 2867, 2923

Warth v. Seldin [422 U.S. 490 (1975)], 70, 275, 1464, 1975, 1977, 2220, 2417, 2474–2475, 2565

Washington v. Davis [426 U.S. 229 (1976)], 96, 116, 395, 400, 446, 911, 992, 1232, 1401, 1510, 1875, 1902, 2102, 2164, 2220–2221, 2392, 2862–2863, 2869, 2887, 2890

Washington v. Glucksberg [521 U.S. 702 (1997)], 2057, 2269–2270, 2307, 2577–2578

Washington v. Harper [494 U.S. 210 (1990)], 790, 1530, 1720, 1884, 1885, 2061, 2863

Washington v. Seattle School District No. 1 [458 U.S. 457 (1982)], 122, 706, 785, 786, 1637

Washington v. Texas [388 U.S. 14 (1967)], 479–480, 933

Waters v. Churchill [511 U.S. 661 (1994)], 892, 2866

Watkins v. United States [354 U.S. 178 (1957)], 163, 421, 1305, 1595, 1702, 2237, 2384, 2866–2867

Watson, United States v. [423 U.S. 411 (1976)], 119, 121, 2332, 2333

Watson v. Jones [80 U.S. (13 Wall.) 679 (1872)], 2190

Watts, United States v. [519 U.S. 148 (1997)], 811

Watts v. United States [394 U.S. 705 (1969)], 1153

Waugh v. Board of Trustees of the University of Mississippi [237 U.S. 589 (1915)], 1109

Wayman v. Southard [23 U.S. (10 Wheat.) 1 (1825)], 760

Wayte v. United States [470 U.S. 598 (1985)], 2868–2869

Weatherford v. Bursey [429 U.S. 545 (1977)], 793

Weaver v. Graham [450 U.S. 24 (1981)], 958

Weaver v. Palmer Bros. Co. [270 U.S. 402 (1924)], 284

Weber v. Aetna Casualty and Surety Company [406 U.S. 164 (1972)], 2155

Webster v. Reproductive Health Services [492 U.S. 490 (1989)], 6–7, 9, 11, 12, 93, 192, 196, 381, 625, 1530, 1843, 2078, 2158, 2313, 2454, 2576, 2872, 2892

Weeks v. United States [232 U.S. 383 (1914)], 61, 355, 882, 936, 956, 1092, 1667, 2334, 2335, 2339, 2340, 2343, 2416, 2417, 2766, 2768, 2872–2873

Weems v. United States [217 U.S. 349 (1910)], 730, 731, 1376, 2873

Weinberger v. Salfi [422 U.S. 749 (1975)], 1405, 2445, 2802

Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld [420 U.S. 636 (1975)], 1196, 1587, 2391–2392, 2393, 2445

Weiner v. United States [357 U.S. 349 (1958)], 2149

Weiss v. United States [510 U.S. 163 (1994)], 2386

Welsh v. United States [398 U.S. 333 (1970)], 505, 2173, 2193, 2790

Welsh v. Wisconsin [466 U.S. 740 (1984)], 2881

Welton v. Missouri [91 U.S. 275 (1876)], 2521

Wengler v. Druggists Mutual Insurance Co. [446 U.S. 142 (1980)], 2392, 2881

Wesberry v. Sanders [376 U.S. 1 (1964)], 186, 440, 500, 865, 1227, 1306, 1462, 2133, 2881

Wessman v. Gittens [160 F. 3d 790 (1st Cir. 1998)], 57

West v. Atkins [487 U.S. 42 (1988)], 2018

West Coast Hotel Company v. Parrish [300 U.S. 379 (1937)], 15, 317, 692, 698, 743, 797, 838, 845, 1034, 1116, 1296, 1311, 1313–1314, 1547, 1699, 1714–1715, 1869, 2281, 2289, 2572, 2575, 2752, 2881–2882, 2921

Western Air Lines, Inc. v. Criswell [472 U.S. 400 (1985)], 59

Western Livestock v. Bureau of Revenue [303 U.S. 250 (1938)], 2522

West Hartford (Town of) v. Operation Rescue [915 F. 2d 92, 103 (. 2d Cir. 1990)], 2112

West Lynn Creamery, Inc. v. Healy [512 U.S. 186 (1994)], 806, 2494, 2495, 2518

Weston, United States v. [448 F. 2d 626 (9th Cir. 1971)], 2367

Weston v. City Council of Charleston [27 U.S. (2 Pet.) 449 (1829)], 1384, 1686, 2882

West River Bridge Co. v. Dix [47 U.S. (6 How.) 507 (1848)], 675–676, 742, 887–888, 2074, 2653, 2783, 2868, 2882–2883

Westside Community Schools v. Mergens. See Board of Education of the Westside Community Schools v. Mergens

West Virginia ex rel. Dyer v. Sims [341 U.S. 22 (1951)], 901

West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette [319 U.S. 624 (1943)], 313, 426, 814, 855, 858, 1064–1066, 2186, 2188, 2302, 2545–2546, 2574

Whalen v. Roe [429 U.S. 589 (1977)], 482, 800, 2242, 2243, 2245, 2574, 2883

Wheaton v. Peters [33 U.S. (8 Pet.) 591 (1834)], 685, 977, 1712, 2698, 2883

Wheeler, United States v. [4 U.S. 313 (1978)], 80

Wheeler v. Greene [280 U.S. 49 (1979)], 2498

Wheeler et al., United States v. [254 F. 611 (1912)], 1763

Whitcomb v. Chavis [403 U.S. 124 (1971)], 1765, 2862

White, United States v. [401 U.S. 745 (1971)], 711–712, 873, 875, 1853, 2140, 2236, 2333–2334, 2334, 2896, 2896–2897

White v. Hart [80 U.S. (13 Wall.) 646 (1872)], 339, 340

White v. Massachusetts Council of Construction Employers [460 U.S. 204 (1983)], 363

White v. Regester [412 U.S. 755 (1973)], 1665, 1765, 2093, 2134, 2814, 2862

White v. Texas [310 U.S. 530 (1940)], 1924

White v. Weiser [412 U.S. 783 (1973)], 1665

Whiteley v. Warden [401 U.S. 560 (1971)], 2023

Whitney v. California [274 U.S. 357 (1927)], 221, 222, 226, 426, 427, 723, 724, 1050, 1107, 1959, 2311, 2319, 2580, 2582, 2901–2902

Whren v. United States [517 U.S. 806 (1996)], 1097–1098, 2711

Wickard v. Filburn [317 U.S. 111 (1942)], 62, 459, 460, 524, 601, 744, 835, 846, 847, 861, 862, 1192, 1345, 1346, 1396, 1399, 1410, 1549, 1715, 1778, 2046, 2293, 2481, 2549, 2903–2904

Widmar v. Vincent [454 U.S. 263 (1981)], 169, 203, 906, 926, 1560, 2173, 2177, 2193, 2198, 2323, 2372, 2904

Wieman v. Updegraff [344 U.S. 183 (1952)], 187, 421, 892, 1648, 1649–1650, 2066, 2749, 2904

Wiener v. United States [357 U.S. 249 (1958)], 1319

Wilkes v. Wood [19 St.Tr. 1153 (1763)], 1099, 2905

Wilkes Cases [19 How. St. Tr. (1763-1770)], 872, 1186, 1771, 1781, 1912, 2236, 2766, 2905

Wilkinson v. Leland [27 U.S. (2 Pet.) 627 (1829)], 2649, 2783

Wilkinson v. United States [365 U.S. 399 (1961)], 1305

Will v. Michigan Department of State Police [491 U.S. 58 (1989)], 1529

William, The, United States v. [28 F. Cas. 614 (D. Mass. 1808)], 885

Williams v. Florida [399 U.S. 78 (1970)], 830, 1434, 1516, 1517, 1887, 2443, 2727, 2906

Williams v. Georgia [349 U.S. 375 (1955)], 420

Williams v. Mississippi [170 U.S. 213 (1898)], 1629, 2906–2907

Williams v. New York [337 U.S. 241 (1949)], 2367

Williams v. North Carolina [317 U.S. 287 (1942)], 799, 1269

Williams v. Rhodes [393 U.S. 23 (1968)], 158, 872, 1942, 2701

Williams v. United States [189 U.S. 516 (1933)], 419

Williams v. Vermont [472 U.S. 14 (1985)], 2277, 2907

Williamson v. Lee Optical Company [348 U.S. 483 (1955)], 4, 835–836, 839, 840, 1381, 2542, 2907

Willow River Power Co., United States v. [324 U.S. 499 (1945)], 2054, 2783

Willson v. Black Bird Creek Marsh Co. [27 U.S. (2 Pet.) 245 (1829)], 1686, 2817, 2908

Wilson, Ex parte [114 U.S. 417 (1885)], 1031

Wilson v. Garcia [471 U.S. 261 (1985)], 1844

Wilson v. New [243 U.S. 332 (1917)], 33, 421, 748, 1699, 2912

Wilson v. Seiter [501 U.S. 294 (1991)], 654

Wilton v. Seven Falls Co. [515 U.S. 277 (1995)], 20

Winona and St. Peter Railroad v. Blake [94 U.S. 180 (1877)], 1224–1225

Winship, In re [397 U.S. 358 (1970)], 238, 264, 718, 816, 1184, 1355, 1523, 2041, 2139, 2255, 2912

Winston v. Lee [470 U.S. 753 (1985)], 206, 1094–1095, 2338, 2767–2768

Winters v. New York [333 U.S. 507 (1948)], 2794

Winthrop v. Larkin [421 U.S. 35 (1975)], 2149

Wiscart v. D'Auchy [3 U.S. (3 Dall.) 321 (1796)], 882, 2617

Wisconsin v. Mitchell [508 U.S. 476 (1993)], 1276, 1278, 2124, 2913–2914

Wisconsin v. New York [517 U.S. 1 (1996)], 326

Wisconsin v. Yoder [406 U.S. 205 (1972)], 270–271, 353, 506, 854, 858, 894, 895, 974, 1049, 2174, 2181–2182, 2187, 2192, 2194, 2377, 2914

Witherspoon v. Illinois [391 U.S. 510 (1968)], 2442, 2803

Withrow v. Williams [507 U.S. 680 (1993)], 2456

Witte v. United States [515 U.S. 389 (1995)], 811

Witters v. Washington Department of Services for the Blind [474 U.S. 481 (1986)], 61, 924, 926, 1208, 1209, 1604, 2322, 2378, 2916–2917

Wittmer v. Peters [87 F. 3d 916 (7th Cir. 1996)], 57

Wolf v. Colorado [338 U.S. 25 (1949)], 882, 936, 1405, 1462, 1666, 1870, 2038–2039, 2224, 2334, 2416, 2796, 2917

Wolff v. McDonnell [418 U.S. 539 (1974)], 492, 897, 2011, 2012, 2013

Wolff Packing Co. v. Court of Industrial Relations [262 U.S. 522 (1923)], 52, 1115, 2281, 2635, 2639, 2746, 2917

Wolman v. Walter [433 U.S. 229 (1977)], 349, 2375, 2917

Women's Medical Professional Corporation v. Voinovich [130 F. 3d 187 (6th Cir. 1997)], 14

Wong Kim Ark, In re [71 F. 282 (1897)], 1763

Wong Kim Ark, United States v. [169 U.S. 649 (1898)], 129, 131, 367, 1167, 1227, 1763, 2922

Wong Sun v. United States [371 U.S. 471 (1963)], 121, 1157, 2330, 2336, 2417, 2922

Wong Wing v. United States [163 U.S. 228 (1896)], 1329, 1330, 2414

Wong Yang Sung v. McGrath [339 U.S. 33 (1950)], 266

Wood v. Lovett [313 U.S. 362 (1941)], 677

Wood v. Strickland [420 U.S. 308 (1975)], 944, 2319, 2922

Woodruff v. Parham [75 U.S. (8 Wall.) 123 (1869)], 341, 1864, 2923

Woods v. Cloyd W. Miller Company [333 U.S. 138 (1948)], 2924

Woodson v. North Carolina [428 U.S. 280 (1976)], 301, 310–312

Wooley v. Maynard [430 U.S. 705 (1977)], 2574

Woolmington v. D.P. [A.C.462 (English) (1935)], 718

Wooster v. Plymouth [51 N.H. 193 (1882)], 802

Worcester v. Georgia [31 U.S. (6 Pet.) 515 (1832)], 81, 325, 343–345, 1408, 1535, 1612, 1685, 1712, 2698

Worrall, United States v. [2 U.S. (2 Dall.) 384 (1798)], 337, 980, 1902

Worthen Co. v. Kavanaugh [295 U.S. 56 (1935)], 677

Wright v. Deacon [5 Serg. & R. 62 (Penn., 1819)], 1159

Wright v. Rockefeller [376 U.S. 52 (1965)], 1188, 2202

Wright v. United States [302 U.S. 583 (1938)], 1921, 2784

Wright v. Vinton Branch of Mountain Trust Bank of Roanoke [300 U.S. 440 (1937)], 161, 1105, 1175, 1645, 2932

Wrightwood Dairy Co., United States v. [315 U.S. 110 (1942)], 63, 2415, 2932–2933

Wurts v. Hoagland [114 U.S. 606 (1885)], 1227

Wyatt v. Aderholt [503 F. 2d 1305 (5th Cir. 1974)], 789

Wyatt v. Stickney [344 F. Supp. 387 (1971)], 1374

Wygant v. Jackson Board of Education [476 U.S. 267 (1986)], 55, 57, 915, 1435, 1723, 1843, 1978, 2106, 2398, 2536–2537, 2538, 2933–2934

Wyman v. James [400 U.S. 309 (1971)], 42, 192, 2468, 2767, 2934

Wynehamer v. People of New York [13 N.Y. 378 (1856)], 562, 844, 1572, 2050, 2409, 2649, 2934–2935

Y

Yakus v. United States [321 U.S. 414 (1944)], 886, 887, 2841, 2937

Yamashita, In re [327 U.S. 1 (1947)], 2302, 2931, 2937–2938

Yamataya v. Fisher [189 U.S. 86 (1903)], 129

Yarbrough, Ex parte [110 U.S. 651 (1884)], 423, 1041, 1733, 1940, 2823, 2825, 2938

Yasui v. United States [320 U.S. 115 (1943)], 129

Yates v. United States [354 U.S. 298 (1957)], 68, 187, 226, 427, 428, 511, 709, 769, 770, 815, 1109, 1198, 1296, 1870–1871, 2581, 2867, 2938–2939

Ybarra v. Illinois [444 U.S. 85 (1979)], 2023–2024, 2939

Yerger, Ex parte [75 U.S. (8 Wall.) 85 (1869)], 339, 340, 1256, 1701

Yick Wo v. Hopkins [118 U.S. 356 (1886)], 129, 130, 368, 388, 907, 1038, 1167, 1331, 1698, 2059, 2828, 2829, 2939–2940

Yonkers Board of Education, United States v. [486 U.S. 1055 (1987)], 2221

Young, Ex parte [209 U.S. 123 (1908)], 652, 739, 853, 877, 878–879, 880, 904, 1166, 1167, 1217, 1343, 1373, 1504, 1739, 1893, 2349, 2504, 2940

Young v. American Mini Theatres, Inc. [427 U.S. 50 (1976)], 1048, 1236, 1839, 2529, 2776–2777, 2940

Young v. Miller [883 F. 2d 1276 (6th Cir. 1989)], 822

Young v. New York City Transit Authority [903 F. 2d 146 (2d Cir. 1990)], 1301

Youngberg v. Romeo [457 U.S. 307 (1982)], 729, 1718–1719, 1721, 1885, 2061

Younger v. Harris [401 U.S. 37 (1971)], 18, 275, 447, 803, 1008, 1373, 1375, 1750, 1865, 2280, 2284, 2940–2941

Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company v. Sawyer [343 U.S. 579 (1952)], 185, 279, 377, 420, 433, 649, 748, 951, 1010, 1344, 1347, 1569, 1995, 1996, 2145, 2384, 2448, 2460, 2592, 2735, 2792, 2793, 2839, 2842, 2843, 2844, 2941

Z

Zablocki v. Redhail [434 U.S. 374 (1978)], 799, 1118, 1123, 1671–1672, 1724, 2307, 2573, 2943

Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Co. [433 U.S. 562 (1977)], 686, 1377, 2014

Zant v. Stephens [462 U.S. 862 (1983)], 303

Zemel v. Rusk [381 U.S. 1 (1965)], 1950, 2146, 2276, 2943

Zenger's Case [New York (1735)], 180, 374, 1138, 1260, 1512, 1870, 1897, 2352–2353, 2944

Zicarelli v. Dietz [406 U.S. 472 (1980)], 2787

Zinermon v. Burch [494 U.S. 113 (1990)], 2035

Zobel v. Williams [457 U.S. 55 (1982)], 428, 1812, 2020, 2275–2276, 2277, 2305, 2907

Zobrest v. Catalina Foothills School District [509 U.S. 1 (1993)], 61, 1209, 1604, 2456

Zorach v. Clausen [343 U.S. 306 (1952)], 24, 1704, 2145, 2171–2172, 2371, 2372, 2795

Zschernig v. Miller [389 U.S. 429 (1968)], 25, 1073, 1390

Zurcher v. Stanford Daily [436 U.S. 547 (1978)], 1143, 1722, 1822, 2200, 2890, 2947–2948