A

COMMON ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS WORK

A.D.

Anno Domini, in the year of the Lord

A.H.

Anno Hegirae, in the year of the Hegira

b.

born

B.C.

before Christ

B.C.E.

before the common era ( = B.C.)

c.

circa, about, approximately

C.E.

common era ( = A.D.)

ch.

chapter

d.

died

ed.

editor (pl., eds.), edition

e.g.

exempli gratia, for example

et al.

et alii, and others

etc.

et cetera, and so forth

exh. cat.

exhibition catalogue

fl.

floruit, flourished

i.e.

id est, that is

MS.

manuscript (pl. MSS.)

n.d.

no date

no.

number (pl., nos.)

n.s.

new series

N.S.

new style, according to the Gregorian calendar

O.S.

old style, according to the Julian calendar

p.

page (pl., pp.)

rev.

revised

S.

san, sanctus, santo, male saint

SS.

saints

Sta.

sancta, santa, female saint

supp.

supplement

vol.

volume

?

uncertain, possibly, perhaps