TOPICAL OUTLINE

The classification of articles that follows provides a thematic view of the encyclopedia's contents, depicting overall coverage in the various familiar divisions of the field of population studies. It is also intended to assist the user, whether researcher or browser, in locating articles broadly related to a given topic. This purpose would be defeated if articles that clearly belong under more than one category were listed only once. For example, Sex Selection might be sought under either Ethical Issues or Reproduction and Birth Control. To prevent the listing from becoming too large, however, only articles where the case for multiple entry is compelling (about one in six) are so treated. Where two categories are closely related, such as Mortality and Health on the one hand and Disease and Disability on the other, articles appear in only one of them. A more detailed means of finding cognate material is through the list of cross-references shown after each article. For finer-grained access to the encyclopedia's contents, the index should be consulted.

Biographies are not included among the articles listed in the substantive classification. They appear in the subsequent list, ordered by date of birth and grouped by the century in which the subject's main work was done.

I. THE POPULATION FIELD, POPULATION THEORY, AND POPULATION HISTORY
A. THE POPULATION FIELD
Bibliographic and Online Resources
Conferences, International Population
Demography, History of
Journals, Population
Population
Population Thought, Contemporary
Population Thought, History of
B. POPULATION THEORY
Action Theory in Population Research
Animal Ecology
Demographic Transition
Diffusion in Population Theory
Epidemiological Transition
Evolutionary Demography
Fertility Transition, Socioeconomic Determinants of
Health Transition
Homeostasis
Human Ecology
Migration Models
Momentum of Population Growth
Optimum Population
Organizations, Demography of
Population Thought, Contemporary
Population Thought, History of
Second Demographic Transition
Sociobiology
C. APPLIED DEMOGRAPHY
Business Demography
Small-Area Analysis
State and Local Government Demography

D. POPULATION ORGANIZATIONS
Population Organizations: National and International Agencies
Population Organizations: Professional Associations
Population Organizations: Research Institutions
Population Organizations: United Nations System

E. PREHISTORIC DEMOGRAPHY
Archaeogenetics
Paleodemography
Peopling of the Continents
Prehistoric Populations: Africa
Prehistoric Populations: Asia Prehistoric
Populations: Australia and the Pacific
Prehistoric Populations: Europe
Prehistoric Populations: The Americas

F. HISTORICAL DEMOGRAPHY
African-American Population History
Ancient World, Demography of
Black Death
Cities, Demographic History of
Disease, Concepts and Classification of
Disease and History
Epidemics
Family: History
Health Transition
Historical Demography
Household Composition
Induced Abortion: History
Infanticide
Mortality Decline
Peopling of the Continents
Population Thought, History of
Slavery, Demography of
Trans-Atlantic Migration

>II. DEMOGRAPHIC DATA, TECHNIQUES, AND MODELS

A. POPULATION STATISTICS AND DATA COLLECTION
Anthropometry
Bibliographic and Online Resources
Census
Databases, Demographic
Demographic and Health Surveys
Demographic Surveillance Systems
Demographic Surveys, History and Methodology of
Genealogical Records
Longitudinal Demographic Surveys
Population Registers
Vital Statistics
World Fertility Survey

B. DEMOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES
Actuarial Analysis
Age Measurement
Archaeogenetics
Cohort Analysis
Data Assessment
Estimation Methods, Demographic
Event-History Analysis
Family Reconstitution
Fertility Control, Indirect Measurement of
Fertility Measurement
Lexis Diagram
Life Course Analysis
Life Tables
Mortality Measurement
Paleodemography
Population Dynamics
Projections and Forecasts, Population
Remote Sensing
Risk

C. MATHEMATICAL DEMOGRAPHY
Animal Ecology
Artificial Social Life
Life Tables
Multistate Demography
Renewal Theory and the Stable Population Model
Simulation Models
Stochastic Population Theory

III. DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, STRUCTURE, AND BEHAVIOR

A. FERTILITY
Adolescent Fertility
Baby Boom, Post-World War II
Childlessness
Family Size Intentions
Fertility, Age Patterns of
Fertility, Below-Replacement
Fertility, Nonmarital
Fertility, Proximate Determinants of
Gender Preference for Children
Mortality-Fertility Relationships
Multiple Births
Second Demographic Transition
Sex Ratio
Unwanted Fertility

B. REPRODUCTION AND BIRTH CONTROL
Abstinence
Birth Control, History of
Contraception, Modern Methods of
Contraceptive Prevalence
Family Planning Programs
Fecundity
Fertility, Proximate Determinants of
Genetic Testing
Induced Abortion: History
Induced Abortion: Legal Aspects
Induced Abortion: Prevalence
Infertility
Natural Fertility
Reproductive Health
Reproductive Technologies: Modern Methods
Sex Selection
Spontaneous Abortion

C. POPULATION BIOLOGY
Aging and Longevity, Biology of
Animal Ecology
Biodemography
Biology, Population
Evolutionary Demography
Mortality Differentials, by Sex
Primate Demography
Sex Ratio

D. MARRIAGE AND FAMILY
Adoption
Childlessness
Cohabitation
Divorce
Family: Future
Family: History
Family Demography
Family Life Cycle
Family Size Distribution
Grandparenthood
Marriage
Parenthood
Partner Choice
Sexuality, Human

E. MORTALITY AND HEALTH
Aging and Longevity, Biology of
Biodemography
Causes of Death
Disasters
Environmental Health
Epidemics
Epidemiological Transition
Extinction, Human
Famine, Concepts and Causes of
Famine in Africa
Famine in China
Famine in Ireland
Famine in South Asia
Famine in Soviet Union
Genocide
Health Systems
Health Transition
Holocaust
Infant and Child Mortality
Infanticide
Life Span
Life Tables
Maternal Mortality
Mortality, Age Patterns of
Mortality Decline
Mortality Differentials, by Sex
Mortality Differentials, Socioeconomic
Mortality Reversals
Oldest Old
Reproductive Health
War, Demographic Consequences of

F. DISEASE AND DISABILITY
Accidents
AIDS
Alcohol, Health Effects of
Black Death
Cancer
Cardiovascular Disease
Disability, Demography of
Disease, Burden of
Disease, Concepts and Classification
Disease and History
Diseases, Chronic and Degenerative
Diseases, Infectious
Emerging Infectious Diseases
Epidemics
Homicide and Suicide
Influenza
Tobacco-Related Mortality
Tuberculosis

G. MIGRATION
Forced Migration
Immigration, Unauthorized
Immigration Trends in Major Destination Countries
Internal Migration
International Migration
Labor Migration, International
Outer Space, Colonization of
Peopling of the Continents
Refugees, Demography of
Resettlement
Temporary Migration
Trans-Atlantic Migration

H. SUBGROUP POPULATIONS
African-American Population History
Caste
Chinese, Overseas
Ethnic and National Groups
Hunter-Gatherers
Indigenous Peoples
Languages and Speech Communities
Nomads
Oldest Old
Racial and Ethnic Composition
Religious Affiliation
Slavery, Demography of

I. POPULATION STRUCTURE AND TRENDS
Age Structure and Dependency
Aging of Population
Baby Boom, Post-World War II
Cities, Future of
Demographic Transition
Density and Distribution, Population
Family: Future
Family Demography
Family Size Distribution
Fertility, Below-Replacement
Homeostasis
Household Composition
Immigration Trends in Major Destination Countries
Momentum of Population Growth
Mortality Decline
Mortality Reversals
Occupation and Industry
Population Decline
Projections and Forecasts, Population
Residential Segregation
Rural-Urban Balance
Suburbanization
Urbanization
World Population Growth

IV. SPATIAL, ECONOMIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF POPULATION

A. GEOGRAPHY OF POPULATION
Biogeography
Central Place Theory
Density and Distribution, Population
Geographic Information Systems
Geography, Population
Microstates, Demography of

B. URBAN DEMOGRAPHY
Cities, Demographic History of
Cities, Future of
Cities, Systems of
Residential Segregation
Rural-Urban Balance
Suburbanization
Urbanization

C. ECONOMIC DEMOGRAPHY
Common Property Resources
Cost of Children
Cycles, Population
Development, Population and
Dietary Regimes
Economic-Demographic Models
Externalities of Population Change
Family Bargaining
Famine, Concepts and Causes of
Generational Accounting
Immigration, Benefits and Costs of
Intergenerational Transfers
Labor Force
Labor Migration, International
Microeconomics of Demographic Behavior
Migration Models
Nutrition and Calorie Consumption
Occupation and Industry
Poverty and Income Distribution
Risk
Value of Life, Economic

D. ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES
Biogeography
Carrying Capacity
Climate Change and Population: Future
Climate Change and Population: History
Deforestation
Ecological Perspectives on Population
Energy and Population
Environmental Health
Environmental Impact, Human
Food Supply and Population
Land Use
Limits to Growth
Natural Resources and Population
Nitrogen Cycle
Sustainable Development
Water and Population

V. CULTURAL AND POLITICAL ASPECTS OF POPULATION

A. SOCIETY AND CULTURE
Anthropological Demography
Crime, Demography of
Culture and Population
Education
Gender
Human Ecology
Literacy
Literature, Population in
Mass Media and Demographic Behavior
Public Opinion on Population Issues
Social Capital
Social Institutions
Social Mobility
Social Networks
Social Reproduction
Technological Change and Population Growth
Values and Demographic Behavior
Women's Status and Demographic Behavior

B. ETHICS AND POPULATION
Animal Rights
Data Collection, Ethical Issues in
Environmental Ethics
Euthanasia
Future Generations, Obligations to
Genetic Testing
Quality of Population
Religions, Population Doctrines of
Reproductive Rights
Reproductive Technologies: Ethical Issues
Sex Selection

C. POLITICAL DEMOGRAPHY
Communism, Population Aspects of
Ethnic Cleansing
Feminist Perspectives on Population Issues
Forced Migration
Genocide
Geopolitics
Holocaust
Lebensraum
National Security and Population
States System, Demographic History of
War, Demographic Consequences of

D. POPULATION POLICY
Asylum, Right of
Eugenics
Family Allowances
Family Planning Programs
Family Policy
Immigration Policies
One-Child Policy
Population Policy
Sex Ratio
Welfare State

VI. BIOGRAPHIES

A. SIXTEENTH CENTURY
Giovanni Botero

B. SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
John Graunt
William Petty
Gregory King

C. EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
Richard Cantillon
Leonhard Euler
Johann Süssmilch
Marquis de Condorcet
Jean-Baptiste Moheau

D. EIGHTEENTH-NINETEENTH CENTURY
William Godwin
T. R. Malthus

E. NINETEENTH CENTURY
Benjamin Gompertz
Adolphe Quetelet
Pierre-François Verhulst
John Stuart Mill
William Farr
Charles Darwin
Karl Marx
Francis Galton
József K rösi
Vilfredo Pareto
Arsène Dumont
Jacques Bertillon
Knut Wicksell

F. NINETEENTH-TWENTIETH CENTURY
Edwin Cannan
Werner Sombart

G. TWENTIETH CENTURY
Adolphe Landry
R. R. Kuczynski
Raymond Pearl
Alfred J. Lotka
John Maynard Keynes
Margaret Sanger
Corrado Gini
Warren S. Thompson
P. K. Whelpton
Alfred Sauvy
Dorothy Swaine Thomas
Simon Kuznets
Frank W. Notestein
August Lösch
Irene B. Taeuber
Kingsley Davis
Ester Boserup
David Glass
Louis Henry
Bernard Berelson
Nathan Keyfitz
Philippe Ariès
Garrett Hardin
Peter Laslett
Ansley Johnson Coale
Ronald Freedman
William Brass
Harvey Leibenstein
Norman B. Ryder
Judith Blake
Richard A. Easterlin
John C. Caldwell
Gary S. Becker
Julian L. Simon