A

Table of Contents

VOLUME 1

PREFACE … v

FOR YOUR REFERENCE … ix

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS … xvii

A

Accelerated Aging: Progeria … 1

Addiction … 4

Aging and Life Span … 6

Agricultural Biotechnology … 9

Alternative Splicing … 11

Alzheimer's Disease … 14

Ames Test … 19

Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome … 21

Antibiotic Resistance … 26

Antisense Nucleotides … 29

Apoptosis … 31

Arabidopsis thaliana … 33

Archaea … 36

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder … 39

Attorney … 42

Automated Sequencer … 43

B

Balanced Polymorphism … 45

Behavior … 46

Bioinformatics … 52

Biopesticides … 57

Bioremediation … 59

Biotechnology … 62

Biotechnology Entrepreneur … 65

Biotechnology: Ethical Issues … 66

Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, History … 70

Birth Defects … 74

Blood Type … 82

Blotting … 86

Breast Cancer … 89

C

Cancer … 92

Carcinogens … 97

Cardiovascular Disease … 101

Cell Cycle … 103

Cell, Eukaryotic … 108

Centromere … 114

Chaperones … 116

Chromosomal Aberrations … 119

Chromosomal Banding … 125

Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance, History … 129

Chromosome, Eukaryotic … 132

Chromosome, Prokaryotic … 139

Chromosomes, Artificial … 144

Classical Hybrid Genetics … 146

Clinical Geneticist … 149

Cloning Genes … 152

Cloning: Ethical Issues … 158

Cloning Organisms … 161

College Professor … 165

Colon Cancer … 166

Color Vision … 170

Combinatorial Chemistry … 173

Complex Traits … 177

Computational Biologist … 181

Conjugation … 182

Conservation Biology: Genetic Approaches … 186

Conservation Geneticist … 190

Crick, Francis … 192

Crossing Over … 194

Cycle Sequencing … 198

Cystic Fibrosis … 199

D

Delbrück, Max … 203

Development, Genetic Control of … 204

Diabetes … 209

Disease, Genetics of … 213

DNA … 215

DNA Footprinting … 220

DNA Libraries … 222

DNA Microarrays … 225

DNA Polymerases … 230

DNA Profiling … 233

DNA Repair … 239

DNA Structure and Function, History … 248

DNA Vaccines … 253

Down Syndrome … 256

PHOTO CREDITS … 259

GLOSSARY … 263

TOPICAL OUTLINE … 281

INDEX … 287

VOLUME 2

FOR YOUR REFERENCE … v

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS … xiii

E

Educator … 1

Embryonic Stem Cells … 3

Epidemiologist … 6

Epistasis … 7

Escherichia coli (E. coli bacterium) … 9

Eubacteria … 11

Eugenics … 16

Evolution, Molecular … 21

Evolution of Genes … 26

Eye Color … 31

F

Fertilization … 33

Founder Effect … 36

Fragile X Syndrome … 39

Fruit Fly: Drosophila … 42

G

Gel Electrophoresis … 45

Gene … 50

Gene and Environment … 54

Gene Discovery … 57

Gene Expression: Overview of Control … 61

Gene Families … 67

Gene Flow … 70

Gene Targeting … 71

Gene Therapy … 74

Gene Therapy: Ethical Issues … 80

Genetic Code … 83

Genetic Counseling … 87

Genetic Counselor … 91

Genetic Discrimination … 92

Genetic Drift … 94

Genetic Testing … 96

Genetic Testing: Ethical Issues … 101

Genetically Modified Foods … 106

Geneticist … 110

Genetics … 111

Genome … 112

Genomic Medicine … 118

Genomics … 120

Genomics Industry … 123

Genotype and Phenotype … 125

Growth Disorders … 129

H

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium … 133

Hemoglobinopathies … 136

Hemophilia … 141

Heterozygote Advantage … 146

High-Throughput Screening … 149

HIV … 150

Homology … 156

Hormonal Regulation … 158

HPLC: High-Performance Liquid

Chromatography … 165

Human Disease Genes, Identification of … 167

Human Genome Project … 171

Human Immunodeficiency Virus … 178

Huntington's Disease … 178

Hybrid Superiority … 178

I

Immune System Genetics … 178

Imprinting … 183

In situ Hybridization … 186

Inbreeding … 189

Individual Genetic Variation … 191

Information Systems Manager … 192

Inheritance, Extranuclear … 194

Inheritance Patterns … 199

Intelligence … 207

Internet … 211

PHOTO CREDITS … 215

GLOSSARY … 219

TOPICAL OUTLINE … 237

INDEX … 243

VOLUME 3

FOR YOUR REFERENCE … v

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS … xiii

L

Laboratory Technician … 1

Legal Issues … 3

Linkage and Recombination … 4

M

Maize … 8

Mapping … 11

Marker Systems … 15

Mass Spectrometry … 18

McClintock, Barbara … 21

McKusick, Victor … 22

Meiosis … 24

Mendel, Gregor … 30

Mendelian Genetics … 32

Metabolic Disease … 37

Methylation … 46

Microbiologist … 50

Mitochondrial Diseases … 51

Mitochondrial Genome … 55

Mitosis … 57

Model Organisms … 60

Molecular Anthropology … 62

Molecular Biologist … 70

Morgan, Thomas Hunt … 72

Mosaicism … 76

Muller, Hermann … 80

Multiple Alleles … 82

Muscular Dystrophy … 83

Mutagen … 87

Mutagenesis … 89

Mutation … 93

Mutation Rate … 98

N

Nature of the Gene, History … 101

Nomenclature … 106

Nondisjunction … 108

Nucleases … 112

Nucleotide … 115

Nucleus … 119

O

Oncogenes … 127

Operon … 131

Overlapping Genes … 135

P

Patenting Genes … 136

Pedigree … 138

Pharmaceutical Scientist … 142

Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics … 144

Physician Scientist … 147

Plant Genetic Engineer … 149

Plasmid … 150

Pleiotropy … 153

Polymerase Chain Reaction … 154

Polymorphisms … 159

Polyploidy … 163

Population Bottleneck … 167

Population Genetics … 171

Population Screening … 175

Post-translational Control … 178

Prenatal Diagnosis … 182

Prion … 187

Privacy … 190

Probability … 193

Protein Sequencing … 196

Proteins … 198

Proteomics … 205

Pseudogenes … 209

Psychiatric Disorders … 213

Public Health, Genetic Techniques in … 216

Purification of DNA … 220

PHOTO CREDITS … 223

GLOSSARY … 227

TOPICAL OUTLINE … 245

INDEX … 251

VOLUME 4

FOR YOUR REFERENCE … v

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS … xiii

Q

Quantitative Traits … 1

R

Reading Frame … 4

Recombinant DNA … 5

Repetitive DNA Sequences … 7

Replication … 12

Reproductive Technology … 19

Reproductive Technology: Ethical Issues … 26

Restriction Enzymes … 31

Retrovirus … 34

Reverse Transcriptase … 39

Ribosome … 42

Ribozyme … 44

RNA … 46

RNA Interference … 54

RNA Processing … 57

Rodent Models … 60

Roundworm: Caenorhabditis elegans … 62

S

Sanger, Fred … 64

Science Writer … 65

Selection … 67

Sequencing DNA … 69

Severe Combined Immune Deficiency … 74

Sex Determination … 78

Sexual Orientation … 83

Signal Transduction … 85

Speciation … 91

Statistical Geneticist … 93

Statistics … 95

T

Tay-Sachs Disease … 98

Technical Writer … 102

Telomere … 104

Transcription … 106

Transcription Factors … 112

Transduction … 117

Transformation … 121

Transgenic Animals … 124

Transgenic Microorganisms … 127

Transgenic Organisms: Ethical Issues … 129

Transgenic Plants … 132

Translation … 135

Transplantation … 139

Transposable Genetic Elements … 143

Triplet Repeat Disease … 148

Tumor Suppressor Genes … 153

Twins … 155

V

Viroids and Virusoids … 162

Virus … 164

W

Watson, James … 171

X

X Chromosome … 173

Y

Y Chromosome … 176

Yeast … 179

Z

Zebrafish … 181

PHOTO CREDITS … 185

GLOSSARY … 189

TOPICAL OUTLINE … 207

CUMULATIVE INDEX … 213