Contents
Foreword ........................................................................... viii
How to use this book ....................................................... xi
Advisory boards.................................................................. xiv
Contributing writers.......................................................... xvi
Contributing illustrators....................................................xviii
Volume 4: Fishes I
What is a fish? ................................................................... 3
Evolution and systematics ................................................. 9
Structure and function....................................................... 14
Life history and reproduction ........................................... 29
Freshwater ecology ............................................................ 36
Marine ecology .................................................................. 42
Distribution and biogeography ......................................... 52
Behavior.............................................................................. 60
Fishes and humans............................................................. 72
Order MYXINIFORMES
Hagfishes ............................................................................ 77
Order PETROMYZONIFORMES
Lampreys............................................................................ 83
Order CHIMAERIFORMES
Chimaeras........................................................................... 91
Order HETERODONTIFORMES
Horn or bullhead sharks.................................................... 97
Order ORECTOLOBIFORMES
Carpet sharks...................................................................... 105
Order CARCHARHINIFORMES
Ground sharks.................................................................... 113
Order LAMNIFORMES
Mackerel sharks.................................................................. 131
Order HEXANCHIFORMES
Six- and sevengill sharks.................................................... 143
Order SQUALIFORMES
Dogfish sharks.................................................................... 151
Order SQUATINIFORMES
Angelsharks ........................................................................ 161
Order PRISTIOPHORIFORMES
Sawsharks............................................................................ 167
Order RAJIFORMES
Skates and rays................................................................... 173
Order COELACANTHIFORMES
Coelacanths ........................................................................ 189
Order CERATODONTIFORMES
Australian lungfish ............................................................. 197
Order LEPIDOSIRENIFORMES
Lungfishes .......................................................................... 201
Order POLYPTERIFORMES
Bichirs................................................................................. 209
Order ACIPENSERIFORMES
Sturgeons and paddlefishes ............................................... 213
Order LEPISOSTEIFORMES
Gars .................................................................................... 221
Order AMIIFORMES
Bowfins ............................................................................... 229
Order OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES
Bony tongues and relatives................................................ 231
Order ELOPIFORMES
Ladyfish and tarpon........................................................... 243
Order ALBULIFORMES
Bonefishes and relatives..................................................... 249
Order ANGUILLIFORMES
Eels and morays ................................................................. 255
Order SACCOPHARYNGIFORMES
Swallowers and gulpers...................................................... 271
Order CLUPEIFORMES
Herrings ............................................................................. 277
Order GONORYNCHIFORMES
Milkfish and relatives......................................................... 289
Order CYPRINIFORMES
I: Minnows and carps ........................................................ 297
II: Loaches and relatives.................................................... 321
Order CHARACIFORMES
Characins............................................................................ 335
Order SILURIFORMES
Catfishes ............................................................................. 351
Order GYMNOTIFORMES
South American knifefishes and electric eels ................... 369
Order ESOCIFORMES
Pikes and mudminnows..................................................... 379
Order OSMERIFORMES
Smelts, galaxiids, and relatives .......................................... 389
Order SALMONIFORMES
Salmon................................................................................ 405
Order STOMIIFORMES
Dragonfishes and relatives................................................. 421
Order AULOPIFORMES
Lizardfishes and relatives................................................... 431
Order MYCTOPHIFORMES
Lanternfishes...................................................................... 441
Order LAMPRIDIFORMES
Opah and relatives ............................................................. 447
For further reading............................................................ 457
Organizations ..................................................................... 462
Contributors to the first edition ....................................... 464
Glossary.............................................................................. 471
Fishes family list ................................................................ 476
Geologic time scale............................................................ 480
Index ................................................................................... 481
Volume 5: Fishes II
Foreword ............................................................................ viii
How to use this book ........................................................ xi
Advisory boards.................................................................. xiv
Contributing writers.......................................................... xvi
Contributing illustrators....................................................xviii
Order POLYMIXIIFORMES
Beardfishes.......................................................................... 1
Order PERCOPSIFORMES
Troutperches and relatives................................................ 5
Order OPHIDIIFORMES
Cusk-eels and relatives ...................................................... 15
Order GADIFORMES
Grenadiers, hakes, cods, and relatives .............................. 25
Order BATRACHOIDIFORMES
Toadfishes .......................................................................... 41
Order LOPHIIFORMES
Anglerfishes........................................................................ 47
Order MUGILIFORMES
Mullets................................................................................ 59
Order ATHERINIFORMES
Rainbowfishes and silversides............................................ 67
Order BELONIFORMES
Needlefishes and relatives ................................................. 79
Order CYPRINODONTIFORMES
Killifishes and live-bearers ................................................ 89
Order STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES
Whalefishes and relatives .................................................. 105
Order BERYCIFORMES
Roughies, flashlightfishes, and squirrelfishes ................... 113
Order ZEIFORMES
Dories ................................................................................. 123
Order GASTEROSTEIFORMES
Sticklebacks, seahorses, and relatives................................ 131
Order SYNBRANCHIFORMES
Swamp and spiny eels........................................................ 151
Order SCORPAENIFORMES
I: Gurnards and flatheads............................................... 157
II: Scorpionfishes and relatives........................................ 163
III: Greenlings, sculpins, and relatives............................. 179
Order PERCIFORMES
Suborder PERCOIDEI
I: Perches and darters, North American basses and sunfishes, pygmy sunfishes, and temperate basses................................................... 195
II: Bluefishes, dolphinfishes, roosterfishes, and remoras ................................................................. 211
III: Grunters, temperate basses and perches, snooks and giant perches, and relatives .............. 219
IV: Goatfishes, butterflyfishes, angelfishes, chubs, and relatives .............................................. 235
V: Groupers, sea basses, trevallys, snappers, emperors, and relatives ............................................... 255
Suborder LABROIDEI
I: Cichlids and surfperches...................................... 275
II: Damselfishes, wrasses, parrotfishes, and rock whitings........................................................ 293
Suborder ZOARCOIDEI
Eelpouts and relatives................................................. 309
Suborder NOTOTHENIODEI
Southern cod-icefishes................................................ 321
Suborder TRACHINOIDEI
Weeverfishes and relatives ......................................... 331
Suborder BLENNIOIDEI
Blennies ....................................................................... 341
Suborder ICOSTEOIDEI
Ragfish......................................................................... 351
Suborder GOBIESOCOIDEI
Clingfishes and singleslits........................................... 355
Suborder CALLIONYMOIDEI
Dragonets and relatives .............................................. 365
Suborder GOBIOIDEI
Gobies.......................................................................... 373
Suborder ACANTHUROIDEI
Surgeonfishes and relatives......................................... 391
Suborder SCOMBROIDEI
Barracudas, tunas, marlins, and relatives ................... 405
Suborder STROMATEOIDEI
Butterfishes and relatives............................................ 421
Suborder ANABANTOIDEI
Labyrinth fishes........................................................... 427
Suborder CHANNOIDEI
Snakeheads .................................................................. 437
Order PLEURONECTIFORMES
Flatfishes............................................................................. 449
Order TETRAODONTIFORMES
Pufferfishes, triggerfishes, and relatives............................ 467
For further reading............................................................ 487
Organizations ..................................................................... 492
Contributors to the first edition ....................................... 494
Glossary.............................................................................. 501
Fishes family list ................................................................ 506
Geologic time scale............................................................ 510
Index ................................................................................... 511
