Contents
Foreword ............................................................................ ix
How to use this book ........................................................ xii
Advisory boards.................................................................. xiv
Contributing writers.......................................................... xvi
Contributing illustrators.................................................... xx
Volume 12: Mammals I
What is a mammal? ................................................................. 3
Ice Age giants....................................................................... 17
Contributions of molecular genetics to phylogenetics................................. 26
Structure and function............................................................... 36
Adaptations for flight............................................................... 52
Adaptations for aquatic life ........................................................ 62
Adaptations for subterranean life.................................................... 69
Sensory systems, including echolocation.............................................. 79
Life history and reproduction ....................................................... 89
Reproductive processes............................................................... 101
Ecology.............................................................................. 113
Nutritional adaptations.............................................................. 120
Distribution and biogeography ....................................................... 129
Behavior............................................................................. 140
Cognition and intelligence........................................................... 149
Migration............................................................................ 164
Mammals and humans: Domestication and commensals .................................... 171
Mammals and humans: Mammalian invasives and pests ................................... 182
Mammals and humans: Field techniques for studying ................................... 194
Mammals and humans: Mammals in zoos.................................................. 203
Conservation ........................................................................ 213
Order MONOTREMATA
Monotremes ....................................................................... 227
Family: Echidnas......................................................... 235
Family: Duck-billed platypus ..................................... 243
Order DIDELPHIMORPHIA
New World opossums
Family: New World opossums................................... 249
Order PAUCITUBERCULATA
Shrew opossums
Family: Shrew opossums ............................................ 267
Order MICROBIOTHERIA
Monitos del monte
Family: Monitos del monte........................................ 273
Order DASYUROMORPHIA
Australasian carnivorous marsupials.................................. 277
Family: Marsupial mice and cats, Tasmanian devil....... 287
Family: Numbat.......................................................... 303
Family: Tasmanian wolves ......................................... 307
For further reading............................................................ 311
Organizations ..................................................................... 316
Contributors to the first edition ....................................... 318
Glossary.............................................................................. 325
Mammals species list ......................................................... 330
Geologic time scale............................................................ 364
Index ................................................................................... 365
Volume 13: Mammals II
Order PERAMELEMORPHIA
Bandicoots and bilbies ....................................................... 1
Family: Bandicoots...................................................... 9
Subfamily: Bilbies........................................................ 19
Order NOTORYCTEMORPHIA
Marsupial moles
Family: Marsupial moles............................................. 25
Order DIPROTODONTIA
Koala, wombats, possums, wallabies, and kangaroos....... 31
Family: Koalas............................................................. 43
Family: Wombats........................................................ 51
Family: Possums and cuscuses.................................... 57
Family: Musky rat-kangaroos..................................... 69
Family: Rat-kangaroos................................................ 73
Family: Wallabies and kangaroos............................... 83
Family: Pygmy possums ............................................. 105
Family: Ringtail and greater gliding possums........... 113
Family: Gliding and striped possums ........................ 125
Family: Honey possums.............................................. 135
Family: Feather-tailed possums.................................. 139
Order XENARTHRA
Sloths, anteaters, and armadillos....................................... 147
Family: West Indian sloths and two-toed tree sloths.... 155
Family: Three-toed tree sloths................................... 161
Family: Anteaters ........................................................ 171
Family: Armadillos...................................................... 181
Order INSECTIVORA
Insectivores......................................................................... 193
Family: Gymnures and hedgehogs............................. 203
Family: Golden moles................................................. 215
Family: Tenrecs .......................................................... 225
Family: Solenodons..................................................... 237
Family: Extinct West Indian shrews.......................... 243
Family: Shrews
I: Red-toothed shrews............................................. 247
II: White-toothed shrews......................................... 265
Family: Moles, shrew moles, and desmans................ 279
Order SCANDENTIA
Tree shrews
Family: Tree shrews ................................................... 289
Order DERMOPTERA
Colugos
Family: Colugos .......................................................... 299
Order CHIROPTERA
Bats ..................................................................................... 307
Family: Old World fruit bats
I: Pteropus................................................................. 319
II: All other genera................................................... 333
Family: Mouse-tailed bats .......................................... 351
Family: Sac-winged bats, sheath-tailed bats, and ghost bats .......... 355
Family: Kitti's hog-nosed bats ................................... 367
Family: Slit-faced bats ................................................ 371
Family: False vampire bats ......................................... 379
Family: Horseshoe bats .............................................. 387
Family: Old World leaf-nosed bats ........................... 401
Family: American leaf-nosed bats .............................. 413
Family: Moustached bats............................................ 435
Family: Bulldog bats ................................................... 443
Family: New Zealand short-tailed bats...................... 453
Family: Funnel-eared bats.......................................... 459
Family: Smoky bats..................................................... 467
Family: Disk-winged bats........................................... 473
Family: Old World sucker-footed bats...................... 479
Family: Free-tailed bats and mastiff bats................... 483
Family: Vespertilionid bats
I: Vespertilioninae................................................... 497
II: Other subfamilies ................................................ 519
For further reading............................................................ 527
Organizations ..................................................................... 532
Contributors to the first edition ....................................... 534
Glossary.............................................................................. 541
Mammals species list ......................................................... 546
Geologic time scale............................................................ 580
Index ................................................................................... 581
Volume 14: Mammals III
Order PRIMATES
Primates.............................................................................. 1
Family: Lorises and pottos ......................................... 13
Family: Bushbabies ..................................................... 23
Family: Dwarf lemurs and mouse lemurs.................. 35
Family: Lemurs ........................................................... 47
Family: Avahis, sifakas, and indris.............................. 63
Family: Sportive lemurs.............................................. 73
Family: Aye-ayes ......................................................... 85
Family: Tarsiers .......................................................... 91
Family: New World monkeys
I: Squirrel monkeys and capuchins ........................ 101
II: Marmosets, tamarins, and Goeldi's monkey...... 115
Family: Night monkeys .............................................. 135
Family: Sakis, titis, and uakaris .................................. 143
Family: Howler monkeys and spider monkeys ......... 155
Family: Old World monkeys
I: Colobinae............................................................. 171
II: Cercopithecinae................................................... 187
Family: Gibbons.......................................................... 207
Family: Great apes and humans
I: Great apes............................................................ 225
II: Humans................................................................ 241
Order CARNIVORA
Land and marine carnivores.............................................. 255
Family: Dogs, wolves, coyotes, jackals, and foxes ........ 265
Dogs and cats.............................................................. 287
Family: Bears............................................................... 295
Family: Raccoons and relatives .................................. 309
Family: Weasels, badgers, skunks, and otters ........... 319
Family: Civets, genets, and linsangs .......................... 335
Family: Mongooses and fossa..................................... 347
Family: Aardwolf and hyenas ..................................... 359
Family: Cats ................................................................ 369
Family: Eared seals, fur seals, and sea lions .............. 393
Family: Walruses......................................................... 409
Family: True seals....................................................... 417
For further reading............................................................ 437
Organizations ..................................................................... 442
Contributors to the first edition ....................................... 444
Glossary.............................................................................. 451
Mammals species list ......................................................... 456
Geologic time scale............................................................ 490
Index ................................................................................... 491
Volume 15: Mammals IV
Order CETACEA
Whales, dolphins, and porpoises....................................... 1
Family: Ganges and Indus dolphins........................... 13
Family: Baijis............................................................... 19
Family: Franciscana dolphins ..................................... 23
Family: Botos .............................................................. 27
Family: Porpoises........................................................ 33
Family: Dolphins......................................................... 41
Family: Beaked whales...................................................59
Family: Sperm whales................................................. 73
Family: Belugas and narwhals .................................... 81
Family: Gray whales ................................................... 93
Family: Pygmy right whales....................................... 103
Family: Right whales and bowhead whales ............... 107
Family: Rorquals ......................................................... 119
The ungulates .................................................................... 131
Ungulate domestication..................................................... 145
Order TUBULIDENTATA
Aardvarks
Family: Aardvarks........................................................ 155
Order PROBOSCIDEA
Elephants
Family: Elephants ....................................................... 161
Order HYRACOIDEA
Hyraxes
Family: Hyraxes .......................................................... 177
Order SIRENIA
Dugongs, sea cows, and manatees .................................... 191
Family: Dugongs and sea cows .................................. 199
Family: Manatees ........................................................ 205
Order PERISSODACTYLA
Odd-toed ungulates ........................................................... 215
Family: Horses, zebras, and asses .............................. 225
Family: Tapirs............................................................. 237
Family: Rhinoceroses.................................................. 249
Order ARTIODACTYLA
Even-toed ungulates .......................................................... 263
Family: Pigs................................................................. 275
Family: Peccaries......................................................... 291
Family: Hippopotamuses............................................ 301
Family: Camels, guanacos, llamas, alpacas, and vicuñas ........... 313
Family: Chevrotains.................................................... 325
Family: Deer
Subfamily: Musk deer ............................................ 335
Subfamily: Muntjacs............................................... 343
Subfamily: Old World deer................................... 357
Subfamily: Chinese water deer.............................. 373
Subfamily: New World deer ................................. 379
Family: Okapis and giraffes........................................ 399
Family: Pronghorn...................................................... 411
For further reading............................................................ 419
Organizations ..................................................................... 424
Contributors to the first edition ....................................... 426
Glossary.............................................................................. 433
Mammals species list ......................................................... 438
Geologic time scale............................................................ 472
Index ................................................................................... 473
Volume 16: Mammals V
Family: Antelopes, cattle, bison, buffaloes, goats, and sheep............................. 1
I: Kudus, buffaloes, and bison.......................................................... 11
II: Hartebeests, wildebeests, gemsboks, oryx, and reedbucks......................... 27
III: Gazelles, springboks, and saiga antelopes.......................... 45
IV: Dikdiks, beiras, grysboks, and steenboks ........................... 59
V: Duikers................................................................................. 73
VI: Sheep, goats, and relatives.................................................. 87
Order PHOLIDOTA
Pangolins
Family: Pangolins........................................................ 107
Order RODENTIA
Rodents .............................................................................. 121
Family: Mountain beavers .......................................... 131
Family: Squirrels and relatives
I: Flying squirrels.................................................... 135
II: Ground squirrels ................................................. 143
III: Tree squirrels ...................................................... 163
Family: Beavers ........................................................... 177
Family: Pocket gophers .............................................. 185
Family: Pocket mice, kangaroo rats, and kangaroo mice...... 199
Family: Birch mice, jumping mice, and jerboas........ 211
Family: Rats, mice, and relatives
I: Voles and lemmings............................................ 225
II: Hamsters.............................................................. 239
III: Old World rats and mice.................................... 249
IV: South American rats and mice ........................... 263
V: All others ............................................................. 281
Family: Scaly-tailed squirrels...................................... 299
Family: Springhares .................................................... 307
Family: Gundis............................................................ 311
Family: Dormice ......................................................... 317
Family: Dassie rats ...................................................... 329
Family: Cane rats ........................................................ 333
Family: African mole-rats ........................................... 339
Family: Old World porcupines .................................. 351
Family: New World porcupines................................. 365
Family: Viscachas and chinchillas .............................. 377
Family: Pacaranas........................................................ 385
Family: Cavies and maras ........................................... 389
Family: Capybaras....................................................... 401
Family: Agoutis............................................................ 407
Family: Pacas............................................................... 417
Family: Tuco-tucos ..................................................... 425
Family: Octodonts....................................................... 433
Family: Chinchilla rats................................................ 443
Family: Spiny rats........................................................ 449
Family: Hutias ............................................................. 461
Family: Giant hutias.................................................... 469
Family: Coypus ........................................................... 473
Order LAGOMORPHA
Pikas, rabbits, and hares .................................................... 479
Family: Pikas ............................................................... 491
Family: Hares and rabbits .......................................... 505
Order MACROSCELIDEA
Sengis
Family: Sengis ............................................................. 517
For further reading............................................................ 533
Organizations ..................................................................... 538
Contributors to the first edition ....................................... 540
Glossary.............................................................................. 547
Mammals species list ......................................................... 552
Geologic time scale............................................................ 586
Index ................................................................................... 587
