A

APPENDIX 1: EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS

Public Expenditures on Education

Total Number of Countries Ranked: 125

Period: 1997

Average Public Expenditure on Education as Percent of GNP by Region

Africa . . . . . . . . . 4.36%

East & South Asia . . . . . . 3.76%

Europe . . . . . . . . . 5.69%

Middle East . . . . . . . . 4.39%

North & Central America . . . . 4.65%

Oceania . . . . . . . . . 6.35%

South America . . . . . . . 4.01%

Southeast Asia . . . . . . . 3.08%

Public expenditures on education are presented here as their percentage of the nation's Gross National Product (GNP). This is a good gauge of a country's commitment to education. However, here as in other country comparison tables, there are differences that limit the usefulness of directly comparing public expenditures on education as a percent of GNP.

For countries with well established federal or centralized education systems, the expenses necessary to maintain the system in any particular year may be lower as a percentage of GNP than are the expenses experienced by a nation that has more recently established or enlarged its centralized and compulsory education system. In addition, many countries use tax incentives to encourage private funds to supplement their education systems. These incentives are not always included as a part of the GNP percentage earmarked for education. Nonetheless, this measure is frequently used to do overall comparisons of national education systems.

Countries are listed in descending order by public expenditure on education as percent of GNP.

Country	Rank	%
Source: The WORLD BANK, World Development Indicators 2000, pp. 70-72.
TOP 10
Moldova	1	10.6
Namibia	2	9.1
Botswana	3	8.6
Lesotho	4	8.4
Sweden	5	8.3
Denmark	6	8.1
South Africa	7	7.9
Tunisia	8	7.7
Uzbekistan	8	7.7
Israel	9	7.6
UPPER MIDDLE
Finland	10	7.5
Poland	10	7.5
Saudi Arabia	10	7.5
Jamaica	11	7.4
Norway	11	7.4
New Zealand	12	7.3
Ukraine	12	7.3
Estonia	13	7.2
Zimbabwe	14	7.1
Yemen	15	7.0
Canada	16	6.9
Jordan	17	6.8
Cuba	18	6.7
Kenya	19	6.5
Latvia	20	6.3
Congo	21	6.1
France	22	6.0
Ireland	22	6.0
Belarus	23	5.9
Portugal	24	5.8
Slovenia	25	5.7
Swaziland	25	5.7
Australia	26	5.4
Austria	26	5.4
Costa Rica	26	5.4
Lithuania	26	5.4
Malawi	26	5.4
Switzerland	26	5.4
United States	26	5.4
Croatia	27	5.3
Kyrgyzstan	27	5.3
United Kingdom	27	5.3
Georgia	28	5.2
Venezuela	28	5.2
Algeria	29	5.1
Brazil	29	5.1
Czech Rep.	29	5.1
Macedonia	29	5.1
Netherlands	29	5.1
Panama	29	5.1
Côte d'Ivoire	30	5.0
Kuwait	30	5.0
Morocco	30	5.0
Slovakia	30	5.0
Spain	30	5.0
Bolivia	31	4.9
Italy	31	4.9
Malaysia	31	4.9
Mexico	31	4.9
Egypt	32	4.8
Germany	32	4.8
Thailand	32	4.8
LOWER MIDDLE
Hungary	33	4.6
Oman	34	4.5
Togo	34	4.5
Kazakhstan	35	4.4
Turkmenistan	36	4.3
Ghana	37	4.2
Colombia	38	4.1
Ethiopia	39	4.0
Iran	39	4.0
Paraguay	39	4.0
Nicaragua	40	3.9
Korea (Rep. )	41	3.7
Senegal	41	3.7
Chile	42	3.6
Honduras	42	3.6
Japan	42	3.6
Romania	42	3.6
Trinidad & Tobago	42	3.6
Argentina	43	3.5
Ecuador	43	3.5
Russian Federation	43	3.5
Philippines	44	3.4
Sri Lanka	44	3.4
Tanzania	44	3.4
Uruguay	45	3.3
Benin	46	3.2
Bulgaria	46	3.2
India	46	3.2
Nepal	46	3.2
Albania	47	3.1
Belgium	47	3.1
Greece	47	3.1
Syrian Arab Rep.	47	3.1
Azerbaijan	48	3.0
Singapore	48	3.0
Vietnam	48	3.0
Cambodia	49	2.9
Hong Kong	49	2.9
Peru	49	2.9
Pakistan	50	2.7
Uganda	51	2.6
El Salvador	52	2.5
Lebanon	52	2.5
China	53	2.3
Dominican Rep.	53	2.3
Niger	53	2.3
Bangladesh	54	2.2
Mali	54	2.2
Tajikistan	54	2.2
Turkey	54	2.2
Zambia	54	2.2
Armenia	55	2.0
Guinea	56	1.9
BOTTOM 10
Madagascar	56	1.9
Eritrea	57	1.8
United Arab Emirates	57	1.8
Chad	58	1.7
Guatemala	58	1.7
Burkina Faso	59	1.5
Indonesia	60	1.4
Myanmar	61	1.2
Sudan	62	0.9
Nigeria	63	0.7

Male Literacy Rate

Total Number of Countries Ranked: 137

Period: Most recent year for which data are available within the range 1995-99

Average Male Literacy Rates by Region

Africa . . . . . . . . . 64.5%

East & South Asia . . . . . . 83.5%

Europe . . . . . . . . . 97.3%

Lesser Antilles . . . . . . . 94.0%

Middle East . . . . . . . . 85.8%

North & Central America . . . . 81.5%

South America . . . . . . . 93.8%

Southeast Asia . . . . . . . 85.8%

Literacy is defined here as the percentage of males, aged 15 years and older, who can, with understanding, read and write a short, simple statement about their everyday life. However, literacy is difficult to measure and some countries define literacy differently. As a result, one must view comparisons of literacy rates across countries with caution. Differences in the definition of literacy used to compile these figures along with differences in the methods used, and accuracy achieved, in collecting data must all be considered when using the figures presented here.

Countries are listed in descending order of their male literacy rate and in alphabetical order. They are ranked accordingly. Any country with a male literacy rate of 100% is ranked 1, while any country with a male literacy rate of 99% is ranked 2, and so forth. Worth noting is the fact that many industrialized countries do not report literacy rates.

Country	Rank	(%)
Source: UNICEF, The State of The World's Children 2001, pp. 90-93 and The WORLD BANK, World Development Indicators 2000, pp. 82-84.
TOP 10
Belarus	1	100
Georgia	1	100
Korea (Democratic)	1	100
Latvia	1	100
Lithuania	1	100
Poland	1	100
Russian Federation	1	100
Slovenia	1	100
Ukraine	1	100
Armenia	2	99
UPPER MIDDLE
Azerbaijan	2	99
Bulgaria	2	99
Croatia	2	99
Guyana	2	99
Hungary	2	99
Italy	2	99
Kazakhstan	2	99
Korea (Rep. )	2	99
Kyrgyzstan	2	99
Moldova	2	99
Montenegro	2	99
Romania	2	99
Serbia	2	99
Tajikistan	2	99
Turkmenistan	2	99
Barbados	3	98
Bosnia & Herzegovina	3	98
Cyprus	3	98
Estonia	3	98
Greece	3	98
Israel	3	98
Spain	3	98
Argentina	4	97
Thailand	4	97
Uruguay	4	97
Chile	5	96
Cuba	5	96
Hong Kong	5	96
Singapore	5	96
Costa Rica	6	95
Philippines	6	95
Trinidad & Tobago	6	95
Vietnam	6	95
Jordan	7	94
Paraguay	7	94
Peru	7	94
Portugal	7	94
Sri Lanka	7	94
Mexico	8	93
Puerto Rico	8	93
Turkey	8	93
Uzbekistan	8	93
Venezuela	8	93
Ecuador	9	92
Panama	9	92
Zimbabwe	9	92
Albania	10	91
Bolivia	10	91
China	10	91
Colombia	10	91
Indonesia	10	91
Lebanon	10	91
Malaysia	10	91
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya	11	90
Malta	11	90
Myanmar	12	89
Kenya	13	88
Mauritius	14	87
LOWER MIDDLE
Syrian Arab Rep.	14	87
Congo	15	86
South Africa	16	85
Brazil	17	84
Qatar	17	84
Zambia	17	84
Dominican Rep.	18	83
Kuwait	18	83
Saudi Arabia	18	83
Tanzania	18	83
Iran	19	82
Jamaica	19	82
Namibia	19	82
Switzerland	19	82
El Salvador	20	81
Swaziland	20	81
Cameroon	21	80
Tunisia	22	79
Ghana	23	78
Oman	23	78
Algeria	24	76
Uganda	24	76
Guatemala	25	75
Botswana	26	73
Honduras	26	73
Malawi	26	73
United Arab Emirates	26	73
Madagascar	27	72
Mongolia	27	72
Togo	27	72
Democratic Congo	28	71
Lesotho	28	71
Papua New Guinea	28	71
Rwanda	28	71
Nigeria	29	70
Sudan	30	68
India	31	67
Eritrea	32	66
Nicaragua	32	66
Yemen	32	66
Egypt	33	65
Iraq	34	64
Lao	35	62
Haiti	36	60
Morocco	36	60
Mozambique	37	58
Pakistan	37	58
Cambodia	38	57
Central African Rep.	38	57
Guinea-Bissau	38	57
Nepal	38	57
Angola	39	56
Burundi	40	55
Benin	41	54
Côte d'Ivoire	42	53
Mauritania	43	52
Bangladesh	44	51
Guinea	45	50
Chad	46	49
BOTTOM 10
Afghanistan	47	46
Mali	47	46
Senegal	48	45
Sierra Leone	48	45
Ethiopia	49	42
Gambia	49	42
Liberia	50	36
Somalia	50	36
Burkina Faso	51	32
Niger	52	22

Female Literacy Rate

Total Number of Countries Ranked: 137

Period: Most recent year for which data are available within the range 1995-99

Average Female Literacy Rates by Region

Africa . . . . . . . . . 46.4%

East & South Asia . . . . . . 71.2%

Europe . . . . . . . . . 95.0%

Lesser Antilles . . . . . . . 92.5%

Middle East . . . . . . . . 72.8%

North & Central America . . . . 78.8%

South America . . . . . . . 91.0%

Southeast Asia . . . . . . . 73.1%

Literacy is defined here as the percentage of females, aged 15 years and older, who can, with understanding, read and write a short, simple statement about their everyday life. However, literacy is difficult to measure and some countries define literacy differently. As a result, one must view comparisons of literacy rates across countries with caution. Differences in the definition of literacy used to compile these figures along with differences in the methods used, and accuracy achieved, in collecting data must all be considered when using the figures presented here.

Countries are listed in descending order of their female literacy rate and in alphabetical order. They are ranked accordingly. Any country with a female literacy rate of 100% is ranked 1, while any country with a female literacy rate of 99% is ranked 2, and so forth. Worth noting is the fact that many industrialized countries do not report literacy rates.

Country	Rank	(%)
Source: UNICEF, The State of the World's Children 2001, pp. 90-93 and The WORLD BANK, World Development Indicators 2000, pp. 82-84.
TOP 10
Georgia	1	100
Korea (Democratic)	1	100
Poland	1	100
Slovenia	1	100
Belarus	2	99
Hungary	2	99
Kazakhstan	2	99
Latvia	2	99
Lithuania	2	99
Russian Federation	2	99
UPPER MIDDLE
Tajikistan	2	99
Ukraine	2	99
Bulgaria	3	98
Estonia	3	98
Italy	3	98
Moldova	3	98
Uruguay	3	98
Argentina	4	97
Armenia	4	97
Barbados	4	97
Croatia	4	97
Guyana	4	97
Montenegro	4	97
Romania	4	97
Serbia	4	97
Turkmenistan	4	97
Azerbaijan	5	96
Cuba	5	96
Korea (Rep. )	5	96
Spain	5	96
Chile	6	95
Costa Rica	6	95
Greece	6	95
Kyrgyzstan	6	95
Philippines	6	95
Israel	7	94
Cyprus	8	93
Lesotho	8	93
Puerto Rico	8	93
Thailand	8	93
Trinidad & Tobago	9	92
Colombia	10	91
Malta	10	91
Panama	10	91
Paraguay	10	91
Venezuela	10	91
Vietnam	10	91
Jamaica	11	90
Bosnia & Herzegovina	12	89
Ecuador	12	89
Hong Kong	12	89
Mexico	12	89
Portugal	12	89
Singapore	13	88
Sri Lanka	13	88
Brazil	14	84
Peru	14	84
South Africa	14	84
Dominican Rep.	15	83
Jordan	15	83
Uzbekistan	15	83
Zimbabwe	15	83
Malaysia	16	82
Qatar	17	81
Indonesia	18	80
Mauritius	18	80
Namibia	18	80
Switzerland	18	80
LOWER MIDDLE
Lebanon	19	79
Myanmar	19	79
Bolivia	20	78
Botswana	20	78
Kuwait	20	78
Swaziland	20	78
United Arab Emirates	21	77
Albania	22	76
China	23	75
El Salvador	23	75
Turkey	23	75
Honduras	24	73
Kenya	24	73
Congo	25	71
Nicaragua	26	69
Zambia	26	69
Cameroon	27	67
Iran	27	67
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya	28	65
Saudi Arabia	29	64
Tanzania	29	64
Ghana	30	60
Guatemala	30	60
Madagascar	31	58
Syrian Arab Rep.	31	58
Tunisia	31	58
Oman	32	57
Rwanda	32	57
Papua New Guinea	33	55
Algeria	34	54
Uganda	34	54
Nigeria	35	52
Mongolia	36	51
Democratic Congo	37	47
Haiti	38	46
Malawi	39	44
India	40	43
Iraq	40	43
Sudan	40	43
Egypt	41	42
Eritrea	42	38
Togo	42	38
Burundi	43	37
Côte d'Ivoire	44	36
Morocco	45	34
Central African Rep.	46	32
Chad	47	31
Mali	47	31
Mauritania	47	31
Ethiopia	48	30
Lao	48	30
Angola	49	29
Bangladesh	49	29
Pakistan	49	29
Gambia	50	27
Mozambique	50	27
Senegal	51	26
Benin	52	23
Yemen	52	23
BOTTOM 10
Guinea	53	22
Nepal	53	22
Cambodia	54	20
Liberia	55	18
Sierra Leone	55	18
Guinea-Bissau	56	17
Afghanistan	57	16
Somalia	58	14
Burkina Faso	59	13
Niger	60	7

Total Number of Primary Schools

Total Number of Countries Ranked: 178

Period: For the most recent year available within the range 1992-1998

Average Number of Primary Schools per Region

Africa. . . . . . . . . . 5,899

East & South Asia . . . . . . 75,956

Europe . . . . . . . . . 7,446

Lesser Antilles . . . . . . . 185

Middle East . . . . . . . 9,795

North & Central America. . . . 15,836

Oceania . . . . . . . . . 1,272

South America . . . . . . . 27,053

Southeast Asia . . . . . . . 31,271

The number of primary schools in a country tends to reflect that country's population. In more developed countries primary schools may be very large while in the rural areas of a less developed country a primary school may be a single room school that serves as both a primary and secondary institution. No differentiation is provided here as to the size of the primary school. This ranking is therefore a quantitative and not a qualitative measure.

Countries are listed in descending order by total number of primary schools. Countries not listed are not listed because they did not report number of primary schools during the period covered.

Country	Rank
Source: UNESCO, Statistical Yearbook 1999, II/85-II/109.
TOP 10
China	1	628,840
India	2	598,354
Brazil	3	196,479
Indonesia	4	173,893
Mexico	5	95,855
United States	6	72,000
Russian Federation	7	66,235
Iran	8	63,101
Colombia	9	48,933
Turkey	10	47,313
UPPER MIDDLE
Bangladesh	11	45,914
France	12	41,000
Nigeria	13	38,649
Philippines	14	38,631
Myanmar	15	35,752
Thailand	16	34,001
Peru	17	33,017
Japan	18	24,376
United Kingdom	19	23,306
Argentina	20	22,437
Nepal	21	22,218
Ukraine	22	21,720
South Africa	23	20,863
Italy	24	20,361
Poland	25	20,214
Spain	26	18,561
Egypt	27	18,522
Germany	28	17,892
Ecuador	29	17,367
Kenya	30	15,906
Venezuela	31	15,800
Algeria	32	15,426
Democratic Congo	33	14,885
Madagascar	34	13,325
Canada	35	12,685
Portugal	36	12,472
Guatemala	37	12,409
Ghana	38	12,134
Saudi Arabia	39	11,506
Tanzania	40	11,290
Sudan	41	11,158
Yemen	42	11,013
Syrian Arab Rep.	43	10,783
Ethiopia	44	10,256
Vietnam	45	10,134
Uganda	46	10,000
Cuba	47	9,926
Sri Lanka	48	9,554
Uzbekistan	49	9,432
Chile	50	8,702
Kazakhstan	51	8,611
Cameroon	52	8,514
Iraq	53	8,145
Australia	54	8,123
Honduras	55	8,114
Lao	56	7,896
Côte d'Ivoire	57	7,599
Haiti	58	7,306
Netherlands	59	7,287
Nicaragua	60	7,224
Malaysia	61	7,021
Greece	62	6,651
Romania	63	6,188
Paraguay	64	5,928
Morocco	65	5,806
Korea (Rep. )	66	5,721
Cambodia	67	5,026
El Salvador	68	5,025
Belarus	69	5,000
Czech Rep.	70	4,889
Zimbabwe	71	4,706
Belgium	72	4,493
Azerbaijan	73	4,454
Serbia	74	4,421
Tunisia	75	4,417
Mozambique	76	4,167
Senegal	77	3,884
Zambia	78	3,883
Finland	79	3,766
Guinea	80	3,723
Costa Rica	81	3,711
Malawi	82	3,706
Austria	83	3,703
Hungary	84	3,596
Tajikistan	85	3,423
Ireland	86	3,391
Togo	87	3,283
Burkina Faso	88	3,233
LOWER MIDDLE
Georgia	89	3,201
Niger	90	3,175
Bulgaria	91	3,170
Benin	92	3,072
Panama	93	2,849
Papua New Guinea	94	2,790
Chad	95	2,660
Jordan	96	2,623
Mali	97	2,511
Slovakia	98	2,493
Uruguay	99	2,415
Mauritania	100	2,392
New Zealand	101	2,296
Denmark	102	2,210
Lebanon	103	2,160
Norway	104	2,129
Turkmenistan	105	1,947
Kyrgyzstan	106	1,885
Sierra Leone	107	1,795
Albania	108	1,782
Afghanistan	109	1,753
Rwanda	110	1,710
Congo	111	1,612
Israel	112	1,533
Burundi	113	1,501
Armenia	114	1,402
Lesotho	115	1,249
Somalia	116	1,224
Gabon	117	1,147
Gaza Strip & West Bank	118	1,118
Croatia	119	1,094
Macedonia	120	1,086
Latvia	121	1,074
St. Vincent...	122	965
Hong Kong	123	860
Slovenia	124	824
Equatorial Guinea	125	781
Estonia	126	727
Fiji	127	693
Botswana	128	681
Mongolia	129	650
Eritrea	130	549
Swaziland	131	529
Solomon Islands	132	521
Trinidad & Tobago	133	476
Guyana	134	420
Oman	135	411
Cyprus	136	376
Réunion	137	343
Comoros	138	327
Kuwait	139	286
Mauritius	140	283
Belize	141	277
Vanuatu	142	272
Gambia	143	258
Bhutan	144	235
Maldives	145	228
Guadeloupe	146	219
Singapore	147	198
Iceland	148	193
Martinique	149	187
Qatar	150	174
French Polynesia	151	170
Brunei Darussalam	152	160
Samoa	153	155
Bahrain	154	124
Tonga	155	115
Bahamas	156	113
Barbados	157	106
Saint Lucia	158	89
Kiribati	159	86
Netherlands Antilles	159	86
French Guiana	160	78
Djibouti	161	72
Dominica	162	64
Virgin Islands (US)	163	62
Saint Kitts & Nevis	164	32
American Samoa	165	30
Bermuda	166	26
Seychelles	166	26
BOTTOM 10
Turks & Caicos Islands	167	21
Virgin Islands (British)	168	20
San Marino	169	14
Gibraltar	170	11
Montserrat	170	11
Tuvalu	170	11
Saint Helena	171	8
Anguilla	172	7
Monaco	172	7
Falkland Islands	173	4

Enrollment Rate in Primary Level Education

Total Number of Countries Ranked: 147

Period: 1996

Average Gross Enrollment Rate by Region

Africa . . . . . . . . . 84.5%

East &

South Asia . . . . . . 95.9%

Europe . . . . . . . . . 100%

Lesser Antilles . . . . . . . 99.0%

Middle East . . . . . . . . 92.1%

North & Central America . . . 103.5%

South America . . . . . . 110.9%

Southeast Asia . . . . . . 107.3%

Gross enrollment in primary level education is defined as the total enrollment in primary education, regardless of age, divided by the population of the age group which officially corresponds to primary schooling. The resulting ratio is presented as a percentage. Because the number of students enrolled may exceed the number of students who fall into the official age group to attend primary school, the gross enrollment rate may exceed 100%.

Primary level education varies from country to country. The duration may be as short as four years or as long as eight years. The age at which students enter primary education may be anywhere from 4 to 7 years. As a result, the following ranking is only a general assessment of participation in the primary education systems and is not a direct comparison of like systems.

Countries are listed in descending order of their primary level gross enrollment rates. They are ranked accordingly. Any country with a gross enrollment rate of 148% is ranked 1, while any country with a rate of 134% is ranked 2, and so forth.

Country	Rank	(%)
Source: UNESCO, World Education Report 2000, pp. 104-143.
TOP 10
Cape Verde	1	148
Malawi	2	134
South Africa	3	133
Namibia	4	131
Portugal	5	128
Ecuador	6	127
Brazil	7	125
China	8	123
Peru	8	123
Belize	9	121
UPPER MIDDLE
Myanmar	9	121
Togo	10	120
Tunisia	11	118
Swaziland	12	117
United Kingdom	13	116
Brunei Darussalam	14	115
Congo	15	114
Mexico	15	114
Philippines	15	114
Argentina	16	113
Colombia	16	113
Indonesia	16	113
Nepal	16	113
Vietnam	16	113
Zimbabwe	16	113
Honduras	17	111
Lebanon	17	111
Paraguay	17	111
Cambodia	18	110
Spain	19	109
Sri Lanka	19	109
Uruguay	19	109
Botswana	20	108
Lesotho	20	108
Netherlands	20	108
Albania	21	107
Algeria	21	107
Malta	21	107
Russian Federation	21	107
Turkey	21	107
Azerbaijan	22	106
Bahrain	22	106
Cuba	22	106
Mauritius	22	106
France	23	105
Lao	23	105
Panama	23	105
Costa Rica	24	104
Czech Rep.	24	104
Germany	24	104
Ireland	24	104
Kyrgyzstan	24	104
Belgium	25	103
Hungary	25	103
Romania	25	103
Canada	26	102
Nicaragua	26	102
Slovakia	26	102
United States	26	102
Australia	27	101
Chile	27	101
Denmark	27	101
Egypt	27	101
Italy	27	101
Japan	27	101
Malaysia	27	101
Syrian Arab Rep.	27	101
Austria	28	100
Cyprus	28	100
India	28	100
Jamaica	28	100
Norway	28	100
Samoa	28	100
LOWER MIDDLE
Sweden	28	100
Bulgaria	29	99
Finland	29	99
Luxembourg	29	99
Macedonia	29	99
New Zealand	29	99
Trinidad & Tobago	29	99
Belarus	30	98
Iceland	30	98
Iran	30	98
Israel	30	98
Kazakhstan	30	98
Lithuania	30	98
Nigeria	30	98
Slovenia	30	98
El Salvador	31	97
Moldova	31	97
Mongolia	31	97
Solomon Islands	31	97
Guyana	32	96
Latvia	32	96
Poland	32	96
Tajikistan	33	95
Dominican Rep.	34	94
Estonia	34	94
Hong Kong	34	94
Korea (Rep. )	34	94
Singapore	34	94
Greece	35	93
Madagascar	36	92
Venezuela	37	91
United Arab Emirates	38	89
Zambia	38	89
Cameroon	39	88
Georgia	39	88
Guatemala	39	88
Armenia	40	87
Croatia	40	87
Thailand	40	87
Morocco	41	86
Qatar	41	86
Iraq	42	85
Kenya	42	85
Papua New Guinea	43	80
Ghana	44	79
Mauritania	44	79
Benin	45	78
Uzbekistan	45	78
Gambia	46	77
Kuwait	46	77
Oman	47	76
Saudi Arabia	47	76
Comoros	48	75
Uganda	49	74
Burundi	50	73
Democratic Congo	51	72
Montenegro	51	72
Serbia	51	72
Côte d'Ivoire	52	71
Senegal	52	71
Yemen	53	70
Tanzania	54	66
Guinea-Bissau	55	62
Mozambique	56	60
BOTTOM 10
Chad	57	57
Guinea	58	54
Eritrea	59	53
Sudan	60	51
Afghanistan	61	49
Mali	61	49
Ethiopia	62	43
Burkina Faso	63	40
Djibouti	64	39
Niger	65	29

Female Enrollment Rate in Primary Level Education

Total Number of Countries Ranked: 137

Period: 1996

Average Gross Female Enrollment Rate by Region

Africa . . . . . . . . . 77.5%

East & South Asia . . . . . . 92.1%

Europe . . . . . . . . . 101.3%

Lesser Antilles . . . . . . 98.0%

Middle East . . . . . . . 87.9%

North & Central America . . . 102.2%

Oceania . . . . . . . . 92.6%

South America . . . . . . 107.9%

Southeast Asia . . . . . . 104.1%

Gross female enrollment in primary level education is defined as the total female enrollment in primary education, regardless of age, divided by the female population of the age group which officially corresponds to primary schooling. The resulting ratio is presented as a percentage. Because the number of female students enrolled may exceed the population of females in the official age group the gross enrollment rate may exceed 100%.

Primary level education varies from country to country. The duration may be as short as four years or as long as eight years. The age at which students enter primary education may be anywhere from 4 to 7 years. As a result, the following ranking is only a general assessment of female participation in the primary education systems and is not a direct comparison of like systems.

Countries are listed in descending order of their primary level gross female enrollment rates and are ranked accordingly. Any country with a gross enrollment rate of 147% is ranked 1, while any country with a rate of 132% is ranked 2, and so forth.

Country	Rank	(%)
Source: UNESCO, World Education Report 2000, pp. 140-143.
TOP 10
Cape Verde	1	147
Namibia	2	132
South Africa	3	131
Malawi	4	127
Portugal	5	124
China	6	123
Peru	7	121
Belize	8	119
Ecuador	8	119
United Kingdom	9	116
UPPER MIDDLE
Lesotho	10	114
Swaziland	10	114
Tunisia	10	114
Argentina	11	113
Mexico	11	113
Philippines	11	113
Colombia	12	112
Honduras	12	112
Vietnam	13	111
Zimbabwe	13	111
Indonesia	14	110
Congo	15	109
Paraguay	15	109
Albania	16	108
Botswana	16	108
Lebanon	16	108
Spain	16	108
Sri Lanka	16	108
Uruguay	16	108
Malta	17	107
Netherlands	17	107
Russian Federation	17	107
Sweden	17	107
Bahrain	18	106
Mauritius	18	106
Azerbaijan	19	105
Brunei Darussalam	20	104
Cuba	20	104
France	20	104
Germany	20	104
Ireland	20	104
Turkey	20	104
Costa Rica	21	103
Czech Rep.	21	103
Kyrgyzstan	21	103
Nicaragua	21	103
Romania	21	103
Algeria	22	102
Belgium	22	102
Hungary	22	102
Slovakia	22	102
Australia	23	101
Canada	23	101
Denmark	23	101
Japan	23	101
Lao	23	101
Malaysia	23	101
United States	23	101
Austria	24	100
Cambodia	24	100
Chile	24	100
Cyprus	24	100
Italy	24	100
Norway	24	100
Samoa	24	100
Finland	25	99
Jamaica	25	99
New Zealand	25	99
LOWER MIDDLE
Togo	25	99
Bulgaria	26	98
Iceland	26	98
Kazakhstan	26	98
Macedonia	26	98
Slovenia	26	98
Trinidad & Tobago	26	98
Moldova	27	97
Belarus	28	96
El Salvador	28	96
Guyana	28	96
Lithuania	28	96
Nepal	28	96
Syrian Arab Rep.	28	96
Hong Kong	29	95
Iran	29	95
Poland	29	95
Dominican Rep.	30	94
Egypt	30	94
Korea (Rep. )	30	94
Tajikistan	30	94
Estonia	31	93
Greece	31	93
Latvia	31	93
Singapore	31	93
Venezuela	31	93
Madagascar	32	91
Mongolia	32	91
India	33	90
Solomon Islands	34	89
Georgia	35	88
Croatia	36	87
Nigeria	36	87
United Arab Emirates	36	87
Qatar	37	86
Zambia	37	86
Kenya	38	85
Cameroon	39	84
Guatemala	40	82
Iraq	41	78
Kuwait	42	77
Uzbekistan	43	76
Mauritania	44	75
Saudi Arabia	44	75
Ghana	45	74
Morocco	45	74
Oman	45	74
Papua New Guinea	45	74
Uganda	46	68
Gambia	47	67
Tanzania	48	66
Senegal	49	65
Côte d'Ivoire	50	60
Democratic Congo	51	59
Benin	52	57
Mozambique	53	50
Eritrea	54	48
Sudan	55	47
Burundi	56	46
BOTTOM 10
Guinea-Bissau	57	45
Guinea	58	41
Mali	59	40
Yemen	59	40
Chad	60	39
Djibouti	61	33
Afghanistan	62	32
Burkina Faso	63	31
Ethiopia	64	30
Niger	65	23

Enrollment Rate in Secondary Level Education

Total Number of Countries Ranked: 139

Period: 1996

Average Gross Enrollment Rate by Region

Africa . . . . . . . . . 31.1%

East & South Asia . . . . . . 71.9%

Europe . . . . . . . . . 98.1%

Lesser Antilles . . . . . . . 74.0%

Middle East . . . . . . . . 70.6%

North & Central America . . . . 61.9%

Oceania . . . . . . . . . 71.0%

South America . . . . . . . 63.2%

Southeast Asia . . . . . . . 52.8%

Gross enrollment in secondary level education is defined as the total enrollment in secondary education, regardless of age, divided by the population of the age group which officially corresponds to secondary schooling. The resulting ratio is presented as a percentage. Because the number of students enrolled may exceed the number of students who fall into the official age group to attend secondary school, the gross enrollment rate may exceed 100%.

Secondary level education, like primary, varies from country to country. The duration may be as short as four years, as in the case of Chile, or it may be as long as fourteen years as it is in Yemen. The age at which students enter secondary education also varies, as does the compulsory nature of attendance. Secondary education is generally divided into two parts, lower (earlier) and upper (later) secondary education. For purposes of this list, the entire period of secondary education is taken as a whole.

Countries are listed in descending order of their secondary level gross enrollment rates. They are ranked accordingly. Any country with a gross enrollment rate of 148% is ranked 1, while any country with a rate of 146% is ranked 2, and so forth.

Country	Rank	(%)
Source: UNESCO, World Education Report 2000, pp. 148-151.
TOP 10
Australia	1	148
Belgium	2	146
Sweden	3	140
Netherlands	4	137
United Kingdom	5	129
Denmark	6	121
Spain	7	120
Finland	8	118
Ireland	8	118
Norway	8	118
UPPER MIDDLE
New Zealand	9	114
France	10	111
Portugal	10	111
Canada	11	105
Estonia	12	104
Germany	12	104
Iceland	12	104
Austria	13	103
Japan	13	103
Korea (Rep. )	14	102
Czech Rep.	15	99
Hungary	16	98
Poland	16	98
Cyprus	17	97
United States	17	97
Greece	18	95
Italy	18	95
South Africa	18	95
Bahrain	19	94
Slovakia	19	94
Uzbekistan	19	94
Belarus	20	93
Slovenia	21	92
Armenia	22	90
Israel	23	88
Luxembourg	23	88
Kazakhstan	24	87
Lithuania	25	86
Uruguay	26	85
Latvia	27	84
Malta	27	84
Croatia	28	82
Cuba	29	81
Lebanon	29	81
Moldova	30	80
Qatar	30	80
United Arab Emirates	30	80
Kyrgyzstan	31	79
Romania	32	78
Tajikistan	32	78
Argentina	33	77
Azerbaijan	33	77
Brunei Darussalam	33	77
Bulgaria	33	77
Georgia	33	77
Iran	33	77
Philippines	33	77
Chile	34	75
Egypt	34	75
Guyana	34	75
Sri Lanka	34	75
Singapore	35	74
Trinidad & Tobago	35	74
Hong Kong	36	73
China	37	70
Peru	37	70
Panama	38	69
Oman	39	67
Botswana	40	65
LOWER MIDDLE
Kuwait	40	65
Tunisia	40	65
Malaysia	41	64
Mauritius	41	64
Mexico	41	64
Algeria	42	63
Macedonia	42	63
Montenegro	42	63
Serbia	42	63
Samoa	43	62
Colombia	44	61
Namibia	44	61
Saudi Arabia	45	58
Turkey	45	58
Brazil	46	56
Mongolia	46	56
Thailand	46	56
Nicaragua	47	55
Dominican Rep.	48	54
Swaziland	48	54
Congo	49	53
Indonesia	50	51
Ecuador	51	50
Belize	52	49
India	52	49
Zimbabwe	52	49
Costa Rica	53	47
Vietnam	53	47
Paraguay	54	43
Iraq	55	42
Nepal	55	42
Syrian Arab Rep.	55	42
Venezuela	56	40
Morocco	57	39
Albania	58	38
El Salvador	59	34
Yemen	59	34
Nigeria	60	33
Lesotho	61	31
Myanmar	62	30
Lao	63	28
Cameroon	64	27
Togo	64	27
Zambia	64	27
Democratic Congo	65	26
Guatemala	65	26
Côte d'Ivoire	66	25
Cambodia	67	24
Kenya	67	24
Afghanistan	68	22
Comoros	69	21
Sudan	69	21
Eritrea	70	20
Gambia	71	19
Benin	72	18
Solomon Islands	73	17
Madagascar	74	16
Mauritania	74	16
Senegal	74	16
Djibouti	75	14
BOTTOM 10
Guinea	75	14
Papua New Guinea	75	14
Mali	76	13
Ethiopia	77	12
Uganda	77	12
Chad	78	9
Malawi	79	8
Mozambique	80	7
Niger	80	7
Tanzania	81	5

Female Enrollment Rate in Secondary Level Education

Total Number of Countries Ranked: 132

Period: 1996

Average Gross Female Enrollment Rate by Region

Africa . . . . . . . . . 28.6%

East & South Asia . . . . . . 70.5%

Europe . . . . . . . . . 101.9%

Lesser Antilles . . . . . . 75.0%

Middle East . . . . . . . 67.6%

North & Central America . . . 63.4%

Oceania . . . . . . . . 71.2%

South America . . . . . . 63.9%

Southeast Asia . . . . . . 49.1%

Gross female enrollment in secondary level education is defined as the total female enrollment in secondary education, regardless of age, divided by the female population of the age group which officially corresponds to secondary schooling. The resulting ratio is presented as a percentage. Because the number of female students enrolled may exceed the number of females in the population of the official age group to attend secondary school, the gross enrollment rate may exceed 100%.

Secondary level education, like primary, varies from country to country. The duration may be as short as four years, as in the case of Chile, or it may be as long as fourteen years as it is in Yemen. The age at which students enter secondary education also varies, as does the compulsory nature of attendance. Secondary education is generally divided into two parts, lower (earlier) and upper (later) secondary education. For purposes of this list, the entire period of secondary education is taken as a whole.

Countries are listed in descending order of their secondary level gross enrollment rates. They are ranked accordingly. Any country with a gross enrollment rate of 153% is ranked 1, while any country with a rate of 151% (in this case the next lowest rate) is ranked 2, and so forth.

Country	Rank	(%)
Source: UNESCO, World Education Report 2000, pp. 148-151.
TOP 10
Sweden	1	153
Belgium	2	151
Australia	3	148
United Kingdom	4	139
Netherlands	5	134
Finland	6	125
Spain	7	123
Denmark	8	122
Ireland	8	122
New Zealand	9	117
UPPER MIDDLE
Norway	10	116
Portugal	10	116
France	11	111
Estonia	12	109
Canada	13	105
Japan	14	104
Germany	15	103
South Africa	15	103
Austria	16	102
Iceland	16	102
Korea (Rep. )	16	102
Czech Rep.	17	100
Cyprus	18	99
Hungary	18	99
Bahrain	19	98
Poland	20	97
United States	20	97
Greece	21	96
Slovakia	21	96
Belarus	22	95
Italy	22	95
Slovenia	23	93
Kazakhstan	24	91
Luxembourg	25	90
Lithuania	26	88
Uzbekistan	26	88
Israel	27	87
Cuba	28	85
Latvia	28	85
Lebanon	29	84
Croatia	30	83
Kyrgyzstan	30	83
Brunei Darussalam	31	82
Malta	31	82
Moldova	31	82
United Arab Emirates	31	82
Argentina	32	81
Azerbaijan	32	81
Armenia	33	79
Qatar	33	79
Chile	34	78
Guyana	34	78
Philippines	34	78
Romania	34	78
Sri Lanka	34	78
Bulgaria	35	76
Georgia	35	76
Hong Kong	35	76
Trinidad & Tobago	36	75
Tajikistan	37	74
Iran	38	73
Egypt	39	70
Malaysia	40	69
Botswana	41	68
Peru	42	67
LOWER MIDDLE
China	43	66
Colombia	43	66
Mauritius	43	66
Namibia	43	66
Oman	43	66
Samoa	43	66
Kuwait	44	65
Mongolia	44	65
Mexico	45	64
Tunisia	46	63
Algeria	47	62
Macedonia	47	62
Dominican Rep.	48	61
Nicaragua	49	60
Saudi Arabia	50	54
Swaziland	50	54
Belize	51	52
Ecuador	52	50
Costa Rica	53	49
Indonesia	54	48
Turkey	54	48
Venezuela	55	46
Vietnam	55	46
Congo	56	45
Paraguay	56	45
Zimbabwe	56	45
Syrian Arab Rep.	57	40
India	58	39
Albania	59	38
El Salvador	60	36
Lesotho	60	36
Morocco	61	34
Nepal	62	33
Iraq	63	32
Myanmar	64	30
Nigeria	64	30
Guatemala	65	25
Lao	66	23
Cameroon	67	22
Kenya	67	22
Zambia	68	21
Sudan	69	20
Comoros	70	19
Democratic Congo	70	19
Gambia	70	19
Cambodia	71	17
Eritrea	71	17
Côte d'Ivoire	72	16
Madagascar	72	16
Solomon Islands	73	14
Togo	73	14
Yemen	73	14
Afghanistan	74	12
Djibouti	74	12
Malawi	74	12
Senegal	74	12
Benin	75	11
BOTTOM 10
Mauritania	75	11
Papua New Guinea	75	11
Ethiopia	76	10
Uganda	77	9
Mali	78	8
Guinea	79	7
Mozambique	80	5
Niger	80	5
Tanzania	80	5
Chad	81	4

Enrollment Rate in Tertiary or Higher Level Education

Total Number of Countries Ranked: 120

Period: 1996

Average Gross Enrollment Rate by Region

Africa . . . . . . . . . . 4.6%

East & South Asia . . . . . . 26.7%

Europe . . . . . . . . . 37.7%

Lesser Antilles . . . . . . . 25.0%

Middle East . . . . . . . . 18.6%

North & Central America . . . . 29.9%

Oceania . . . . . . . . . 48.6%

South America . . . . . . . 20.4%

Southeast Asia . . . . . . . 10.2%

Gross enrollment in tertiary level education is defined as the total enrollment in higher education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population in the five year age group following the conclusion of secondary level education. Because the number of students enrolled may exceed the number of students who fall into the official age group to attend higher school, the gross enrollment rate may exceed 100%.

Tertiary level education varies from country to country. For many, all vocational training which occurs after the completion of secondary level education is a part of tertiary level education. For others, only university level education is counted as tertiary level education. As a result, the following ranking is only a general assessment of participation in tertiary or higher education systems and is not a direct comparison of like systems.

Countries are listed in descending order of their tertiary level gross enrollment rates and are ranked accordingly. Any country with a gross enrollment rate of 87% is ranked 1, while any country with a rate of 81% (in this case the next closest rate) is ranked 2, and so forth.

Country	Rank	(%)
Source: UNESCO, World Education Report 2000, pp. 156-159.
TOP 10
Canada	1	87
United States	2	81
Australia	3	80
Finland	4	74
Korea (Rep. )	5	68
New Zealand	6	63
Norway	7	62
Belgium	8	56
United Kingdom	9	52
France	10	51
UPPER MIDDLE
Spain	10	51
Sweden	11	50
Austria	12	48
Denmark	12	48
Germany	13	47
Greece	13	47
Italy	13	47
Netherlands	13	47
Belarus	14	44
Russian Federation	15	43
Estonia	16	42
Georgia	16	42
Puerto Rico	16	42
Bulgaria	17	41
Ireland	17	41
Israel	17	41
Japan	18	40
Portugal	19	39
Iceland	20	38
Argentina	21	36
Slovenia	21	36
Kazakhstan	22	33
Latvia	22	33
Switzerland	22	33
Panama	23	32
Lithuania	24	31
Barbados	25	29
Malta	25	29
Philippines	25	29
Croatia	26	28
Macau	26	28
Lebanon	27	27
Qatar	27	27
Peru	28	26
Poland	29	25
Czech Rep.	30	24
Hungary	30	24
Cyprus	31	23
Dominican Rep.	31	23
Montenegro	32	22
Romania	32	22
Serbia	32	22
Slovakia	32	22
Tajikistan	33	21
Turkey	33	21
Egypt	34	20
Macedonia	34	20
Kuwait	35	19
El Salvador	36	18
LOWER MIDDLE
Iran	36	18
Azerbaijan	37	17
Colombia	37	17
Mongolia	37	17
South Africa	37	17
Mexico	38	16
Saudi Arabia	38	16
Syrian Arab Rep.	38	16
Brazil	39	14
Tunisia	39	14
Albania	40	12
Algeria	40	12
Armenia	40	12
Cuba	40	12
Malaysia	40	12
Nicaragua	40	12
United Arab Emirates	40	12
Guyana	41	11
Morocco	41	11
Honduras	42	10
Luxembourg	42	10
Paraguay	42	10
Jamaica	43	8
Namibia	43	8
Oman	43	8
Trinidad & Tobago	43	8
Brunei Darussalam	44	7
India	44	7
Vietnam	44	7
Zimbabwe	44	7
Botswana	45	6
China	45	6
Côte d'Ivoire	45	6
Mauritius	45	6
Swaziland	45	6
Myanmar	46	5
Nepal	46	5
Mauritania	47	4
Togo	47	4
Yemen	47	4
Benin	48	3
Papua New Guinea	48	3
Senegal	48	3
Democratic Congo	49	2
Gambia	49	2
Lesotho	49	2
Madagascar	49	2
Uganda	49	2
Zambia	49	2
Burkina Faso	50	1
Cambodia	50	1
BOTTOM 10
Chad	50	1
Comoros	50	1
Eritrea	50	1
Ethiopia	50	1
Guinea	50	1
Malawi	50	1
Mali	50	1
Tanzania	50	1
Djibouti	51	0
Mozambique	51	0

Female Enrollment Rate in Tertiary or Higher Level Education

Total Number of Countries Ranked: 107

Period: 1996

Average Gross Female Enrollment Rate by Region

Africa . . . . . . . . . . 3.6%

East & South Asia . . . . . . 27.1%

Europe . . . . . . . . . 41.1%

Lesser Antilles . . . . . . . 7.0%

Middle East . . . . . . . . 18.3%

North & Central America . . . . 32.2%

Oceania . . . . . . . . . 52.6%

South America . . . . . . . 18.7%

Southeast Asia . . . . . . . 12.0%

Gross female enrollment in tertiary level education is defined as the total female enrollment in higher education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the female population in the five year age group following the conclusion of secondary level education. Because the number of female students enrolled may exceed the number of females who fall into the official age group to attend higher school, the gross enrollment rate may exceed 100%.

Tertiary level education varies from country to country. For many, all vocational training which occurs after the completion of secondary level education is a part of tertiary level education. For others, only university level education is counted as tertiary level education. Therefore, the following ranking is only a general assessment of female participation in tertiary or higher education systems and is not a direct comparison of like systems.

Countries are listed in descending order of their tertiary level gross enrollment rates and are ranked accordingly. Any country with a gross enrollment rate of 95% is ranked 1, while any country with a rate of 92% (in this case the next closest rate) is ranked 2, and so forth.

Country	Rank	(%)
Source: UNESCO, World Education Report 2000, pp. 156-159.
TOP 10
Canada	1	95
United States	2	92
Australia	3	83
Finland	4	80
New Zealand	5	73
Norway	6	71
Belgium	7	57
France	7	57
Sweden	7	57
Spain	8	56
UPPER MIDDLE
United Kingdom	8	56
Denmark	9	53
Bulgaria	10	52
Italy	10	52
Korea (Rep. )	10	52
Austria	11	49
Belarus	11	49
Russian Federation	12	48
Estonia	13	46
Greece	13	46
Netherlands	13	46
Iceland	14	45
Georgia	15	44
Germany	15	44
Portugal	15	44
Ireland	16	43
Qatar	17	41
Slovenia	17	41
Latvia	18	40
Kazakhstan	19	38
Lithuania	19	38
Japan	20	36
Barbados	21	34
Philippines	22	33
Malta	23	32
Croatia	24	29
Macau	25	28
Poland	25	28
Dominican Rep.	26	27
Lebanon	26	27
Hungary	27	26
Cyprus	28	25
Switzerland	28	25
Kuwait	29	24
Mongolia	29	24
Romania	29	24
Serbia	29	24
Czech Rep.	30	23
Slovakia	30	23
Macedonia	31	22
United Arab Emirates	32	21
Azerbaijan	33	18
Colombia	33	18
LOWER MIDDLE
El Salvador	33	18
Egypt	34	16
South Africa	34	16
Cuba	35	15
Mexico	35	15
Saudi Arabia	35	15
Turkey	35	15
Albania	36	14
Iran	37	13
Syrian Arab Rep.	37	13
Tajikistan	37	13
Guyana	38	12
Nicaragua	38	12
Tunisia	38	12
Paraguay	39	11
Algeria	40	10
Namibia	40	10
Honduras	41	9
Morocco	41	9
Brunei Darussalam	42	8
Jamaica	43	7
Luxembourg	43	7
Myanmar	43	7
Oman	43	7
Trinidad & Tobago	43	7
Botswana	44	6
Mauritius	44	6
Swaziland	44	6
India	45	5
China	46	4
Zimbabwe	46	4
Côte d'Ivoire	47	3
Lesotho	47	3
Madagascar	48	2
Papua New Guinea	48	2
Benin	49	1
Gambia	49	1
Mali	49	1
Mauritania	49	1
Togo	49	1
Uganda	49	1
Yemen	49	1
Zambia	49	1
Burkina Faso	50	0
BOTTOM 10
Cambodia	50	0
Chad	50	0
Comoros	50	0
Djibouti	50	0
Eritrea	50	0
Ethiopia	50	0
Guinea	50	0
Malawi	50	0
Mozambique	50	0
Tanzania	50	0

Number of Primary Level Teachers

Total Number of Countries Ranked: 182

Period: For the most recent year available within the range 1992-1998

Average Number of Primary Teachers per Country by Region

Africa . . . . . . . . . 55,409

East & South Asia . . . . . 476,458

Europe. . . . . . . . . 65,260

Lesser Antilles . . . . . . 1,406

Middle East . . . . . . . 74,641

North & Cental America . . . 187,057

Oceania . . . . . . . . 13,664

South America . . . . . . 181,954

Southeast Asia . . . . . . 575,551

A straight count of the number of primary level teachers by country without reference to levels of teacher training is a somewhat limited measure. However, it does provide a rudimentary measure of comparison.

Worth noting is the fact that data reported by different countries are for different years and this must be considered in using these data.

Countries are listed and ranked in descending order of the number of primary level teachers they have.

Country	Rank
Source: UNESCO, Statistical Yearbook 1999, II/85-II/109.
TOP 10
China	1	5,794,000
Thailand	2	3,412,122
India	3	1,789,733
United States	4	1,499,697
Brazil	5	1,413,607
Indonesia	6	1,327,178
Mexico	7	524,927
Nigeria	8	435,210
Japan	9	420,901
Russian Federation	10	395,000
UPPER MIDDLE
Philippines	11	341,183
Poland	12	325,601
Vietnam	13	324,431
Egypt	14	310,116
Argentina	15	309,081
Iran	16	298,729
United Kingdom	17	283,492
Pakistan	18	283,100
Italy	19	251,827