ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

A group of seven exiled lepers, photograph. © Michael Maslan Historic Photographs/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—A hand holds an oyster on the half-shell, photograph. © Philip Gould/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—A magnified virus called alpha-plaque, photograph. © Lester V. Bergman/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—A paramecium protozoan, photograph. © Lester V. Bergman/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—A paramecium undergoing a sexual reproductive fission, photograph. © Lester V. Bergman/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—A tubular hydrothermal, photograph. © Ralph White/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—About 600 sheep from France and Great Britain, burning as precaution against spread of foot-and-mouth disease, photograph by Michel Spinger. AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission.—Aerial view shows the oil slick left behind by the Japanese fishing training vessel Ehime Maru, photograph. © AFP/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—An employee of the American Media building carries literature and antibiotics after being tested for anthrax, photograph. © AFP/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—An under-equipped system at the Detroit Municipal Sewage Water Treatment Plant, photograph. © Ted Spiegel/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Anthrax, photograph by Kent Wood. Photo Researcher, Inc. Reproduced by permission.—Arneson, Charlie, photograph. © Roger Ressmeyer/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.

Beer vats in brewery, Czechoslovakia, photograph by Liba Taylor. Corbis-Bettmann. Reproduced by permission.—Bellevue-Stratford Hotel, photograph. © Bettmann/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Bison grazing near Hot Springs, photograph. © Michael S. Lewis/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Boat collecting dead fish, photograph. AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission.—Bottles of the antibiotic Cipro, photograph. © FRI/Corbis Sygma. Reproduced by permission.—Bousset, Luc, photograph. © Vo Trung Dung/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Budding yeast cells, photograph. © Lester V. Bergman/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.

Chlorophyll, false-colour transmission electron micrograph of stacks of grana in a chloroplast, photograph by Dr. Kenneth R. Miller. Reproduced by permission.—Close-up of Ebola virus in the blood stream, photograph. © Institut Pasteur/Corbis Sygma. Reproduced by permission.—Close-up of Ebola virus, photograph. © Corbis Sygma/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Close-up of prion structure examined in 3-D, photograph. © CNRS/Corbis Sygma. Reproduced by permission.—Colonies of Penicillium Notatus, photograph. © Bettmann/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Colored fluids in chemical beakers, photograph. © Julie Houck/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Colored high resolution scanning electron micrograph of the nuclear membrane surface of a pancreatic acinar cell, photograph by P. Motta & T. Naguro/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission.—Composite image of three genetic researchers, photograph. Dr. Gopal Murti/Science Photo Library. Reproduced by permission.—Compost pile overflowing in community garden, photograph. © Joel W. Rogers/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Cosimi, Benedict, photograph. © Ted Spiegel/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Court In Open Air During 1918 Influenza Epidemic, photograph. © Bettmann/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Cringing girl getting vaccination injection against Hepatitis B, photograph. © Astier Frederik/Corbis Sygma. Reproduced by permission.—Crustose Lichen, photograph. © Richard P. Jacobs/JLM Visuals. Reproduced by permission.—Crying girl getting vaccination injection against Hepatitis B, photograph. © Astier Frederik/Corbis Sygma. Reproduced by permission.—Cultures of Photobacterium NZ-11 glowing in petri dishes, photograph. © Roger Ressmeyer/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.

Darwin, Charles, photograph. Popperfoto/Archive Photos. © Archive Photos, Inc. Reproduced by permission.—Detail view of an employee's hands using a pipette in a laboratory, photograph. © Bob Rowan; Progressive Image/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Diagram depicting DNA and RNA with an inset on

the DNA side showing specific Base Pairing, diagram by Argosy Publishing. The Gale Group.—Diagram of DNA Replication I, inset showing Semiconservative Replication (DNA Replication II), diagram by Argosy Publishing. The Gale Group.—Diagram of the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology, DNA to RNA to Protein, diagram by Argosy Publishing. The Gale Group.—Diatom Plankton, circular, transparent organisms, photograph. Corbis/Douglas P. Wilson; Frank Lane Picture Agency. Reproduced by permission.—Dinoflagellate Peridinium sp., scanning electron micrograph. © Dr. Dennis Kunkel/Phototake. Reproduced by permission.

E. coli infection, photograph by Howard Sochurek. The Stock Market. Reproduced by permission.—Electron micrographs, hanta virus, and ebola virus, photograph. Delmar Publishers, Inc. Reproduced by permission.—Electron Microscope views Martian meteorite, photograph. © Reuters NewMedia Inc./Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Elementary school student receiving a Vaccine, photograph. © Bob Krist/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Enzyme-lines immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA), photograph. © Lester V. Bergman/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.

False-color transmission electron micrograph of the aerobic soil bacterium, photograph by Dr. Tony Brain. Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission.—Farmers feeding chickens, photograph. USDA—Firefighters preparing a decontamination chamber for FBI investigators, photograph. © Randall Mark/Corbis Sygma. Reproduced by permission.—First photographed view of the influenza virus, photograph. © Bettmann/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—First sightings of actual antibody antigen docking seen on x-ray crystallography, photograph. © Ted Spiegel/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Fleming, Alexander, photograph. The Bettmann Archive/Corbis-Bettmann. Reproduced by permission.—Fleming, Sir Alexander, photograph. Corbis-Bettmann. Reproduced by permission.—Friend, Charlotte, photograph. The Library of Congress. Reproduced by permission.—Fungal skin infection causing Tinea, photograph. © Lester V. Bergman/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Fungus colony grown in a petri dish, photograph.© Lester V. Bergman/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.

Gambierdiscus toxicus, scanning electron micrograph by Dr. Dennis Kunkel. © Dr. Dennis Kunkel/Phototake. Reproduced by permission.—Genetic code related to models of amino acids inserting into a protein chart, diagram by Argosy Publishing. The Gale Group.—German firefighters remove suspicious looking packets from a post office distribution center, photograph. © Reuters NewMedia Inc./Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Giardia, cells shown through a microscope, photograph by J. Paulin. Reproduced by permission.—Golden lichen, photograph. © Don Blegen/JLM Visuals. Reproduced by permission.

Hay fever allergy attack triggered by oilseed rape plants, photograph. © Niall Benvie/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Hemolytic Staphyloccoccus Streak Plate, photograph. © Lester V. Bergman/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Human Immunodeficiency Virus in color imaging, photograph. © Michael Freeman/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.

Industrial Breweries, man filling kegs, photograph. Getty Images. Reproduced by permission.—Investigators wearing hazardous materials suits, U.S. Post Office in West Trenton, New Jersey, photograph. © AFP/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Iron lungs, photograph. UPI/Corbis-Bettmann. Reproduced by permission.

Jacob, Francois, photograph. The Library of Congress.—Jenner, Edward, photograph. Corbis-Bettmann. Reproduced by permission.

Kiefer, Sue, Dr., photograph. © James L. Amos/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Koch, Robert, studying Rinderpest in laboratory, photograph. © Bettmann/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Koch, Robert, photograph. The Library of Congress.

Laboratory technician doing medical research, photograph. © Bill Varie/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Laboratory technician performing a density test from urine samples, photograph. AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission.—Laboratory technician working with restriction enzymes, photograph. © Ted Spiegel/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Landsteiner, Karl, photograph. The Library of Congress.—Lederberg, Joshua and Esther, photograph, 1958. UPI-Corbis-Bettmann. Reproduced by permission.—Leeuwenhoek, Anton Van, photograph. Getty Images. Reproduced by permission.—Lightning strikes on Tucson horizon, photograph. Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission.—Lister, Joseph, photograph. © Bettmann/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.

Magnification of a gram stain of pseudomonas aeruginosa, photograph. © Lester V. Bergman/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Magnification of bacillus, or rodlike bacteria, photograph. © Lester V. Bergman/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Magnification of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), photograph. © Lester V. Bergman/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Magnification of klebsiella bacteria, photograph. © Lester V. Bergman/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Magnified fungi cells called Candida albicans sac, photograph. © Lester V. Bergman/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Making of a genetic marker, with an individual DNA sequence to indicate specific genes, photograph. © Richard T. Nowitz/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Mallon, Mary (Typhoid Mary), 1914, photograph. Corbis Corporation. Reproduced by permission.—Man carries stretcher with patient, dysentery epidemic amongst Hutu refugees, photograph. © Baci/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Man washing his hands, photograph. © Dick Clintsman/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Marine Plankton, green organisms with orange spots, photograph by Douglas P. Wilson. Corbis/Douglas P. Wilson; Frank Lane Picture Agency. Reproduced by permission.—Measles spots on child's back, photograph. © John Heselltine/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Medical Researcher, fills a sample with a pipette at the National Institute of Health Laboratory, photograph. © Paul A. Souders/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Medical researcher dills sample trays with a pipette in a laboratory, photograph. © Paul A. Souders/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Milstein, Cesar, photograph. Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission.—Mitosis of an animal cell, immunofluorescence photomicrograph. © CNRI/Phototake. Reproduced by permission.—Mitosis telophase of an animal cell, photograph. © CNRI/Phototake. Reproduced by permission.—Montagnier, Luc, photograph by Gareth Watkins.

Reuters/Archive Photos, Inc. Reproduced by permission.—Mosquito after feeding on human, photograph by Rod Planck. National Audubon Society Collection/Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission.

Novotny, Dr. Ergo, photograph. © Ted Spiegel/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Nucleus and perinuclear area-liver cell from rat, photograph by Dr. Dennis Kunkel. Phototake. Reproduced by permission.

Ocean wave curling to the left, photograph. Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Oil slick on water, photograph. © James L. Amos/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.

Pasteur, Louis, photograph. The Library of Congress.—Patient getting vaccination injection against Hepatitis B, photograph. © Astier Frederik/Corbis Sygma. Reproduced by permission.—Patients at a Turkish Tuberculosis Hospital sit up in their beds, photograph. © Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Petri dish culture of Klebsiella pneumoniae, photograph. © Lester V. Bergman/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Pharmaceutical technician, and scientist, discussing experiment results in laboratory, photograph. Martha Tabor/Working Images Photographs. Reproduced by permission.—Plague of 1665, photograph. Mary Evans Picture Library/Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission.—Prusiner, Dr. Stanley B., photograph by Luc Novovitch. Reuters/Archive Photos, Inc. Reproduced by permission.

Raccoon in winter cottonwood, photograph by W. Perry Conway. Corbis Corporation. Reproduced by permission.—Researcher, in biochemistry laboratory using a transmission electron microscope, photograph by R. Maisonneuve. Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission.—Resistant Staphyloccoccus Bacteria, photograph. © Lester V. Bergman/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.

Sample in a Petri Dish, photograph. © Bob Krist/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Scientists test water samples from a canal, photograph. © Annie Griffiths Belt, Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Scientists wearing masks hold up beaker in a laboratory of chemicals, photograph. © Steve Chenn/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Sheep grazing on field, photograph. © Richard Dibon-Smith, National Audubon Society Collection/Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced with permission.—Shelf Fungi on Nurse Log, photograph. © Darell Gulin/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Silvestri, Mike, and Neil Colosi, Anthrax, Decontamination Technicians, photograph. © Mike Stocke/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Single mammalian tissue culture cell, color transmission electron micrograph. Dr. Gopal Murti/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission.—Steam rises from the surface of Yellowstone's Grand Prismatic Spring, photograph. © Roger Ressmeyer/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Steam rising from Therman Pool, photograph. © Pat O'Hara/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria, colored transmission electron micrograph by Alfred Pasieka. © Alfred Pasieka/Science Photo Library, Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission.—Streptococcus viridans Bacteria in petri dish, photograph. © Lester V. Bergman/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Surgeons operating in surgical gowns and masks, photograph. © ER Productions/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.

Technician at American type culture collection, photograph. © Ted Spiegel/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Technician places culture on agar plates in laboratory, photograph. © Ian Harwood; Ecoscene/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—The parasitic bacteria Staphylococcus magnified 1000x, photograph. © Science Pictures Limited/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—The Plague of Florence, photograph. Corbis-Bettmann. Reproduced by permission.—Threedimensional computer model of a protein molecule of matrix porin found in the E. Coli bacteria, photograph. © Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Three-dimensional computer model of a protein molecule of matrix porin found in the E. Coli bacteria, photograph. © Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Three-dimensional computer model of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, photograph. © Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Three-dimensional computer model of the molecule dihydrofolate reducatase enzyme, photograph. © Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Three-dimensional computer model of the protein Alzheimer Amyloid B, photograph. © Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Twenty most common amino acids, illustration by Robert L. Wolke. Reproduced by permission—Two brown mountain sheep, photograph. © Yoav Levy/Phototake NYC. Reproduced by permission.

United States Coast Guard hazardous material workers wearing protective suits work inside the U.S. Senate's Hart Building, photograph. © AFP/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Urey, Harold, photograph. The Library of Congress.

Veterinarian technicians check the blood pressure of a dog, photograph. AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission.—View of aging wine in underground cellar, photograph. Getty Images. Reproduced by permission.—Virus Plaque in an E. Coli culture, photograph. © Lester V. Bergman/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Visual biography of monoclonal antibody development at the Wistar Institute, photograph. © Ted Spiegel/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.

Waksman, Selman Abraham, photograph. Getty Images. Reproduced by permission.—Watson, James and Crick, Francis, photograph. Getty Images. Reproduced by permission.—Watson, James Dewey, photograph. The Library of Congress.—Wind storm on the East Coast, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, photograph. Gordon S. Smith/Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission.—Woman clerks wearing cloth masks to protect against influenza, photograph. © Bettmann/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Woman scientist mixes chemicals in beaker, photograph. © Julie Houck/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Woman sneezing, photograph. © Michael Keller/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.